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Japanese in the United Kingdom

(Redirected fromJapanese community in the United Kingdom)

Japanese in the United KingdomincludeBritish citizensofJapanese ancestry(Japanese:Ngày hệ イギリス người,Hepburn:Nikkei Igirisujin)orpermanent residentsof Japanese birth orcitizenship,as well as expatriate business professionals and their dependents on limited-term employment visas, students, trainees and young people participating in the UK government-sponsored Youth Mobility Scheme.

  • Japanese in the UK
TheBrightonJapan Festival in 2011
Total population
  • Ethnic Japanese
  • 29,510 (England and Wales only, 2021)[1]
  • UK residents born in Japan
  • 43,000 (2015 ONS estimate)
  • Japanese nationals residing in the UK
  • 67,258 (2014 MOFA estimate)[2]
Regions with significant populations
Greater LondonandSouth East England
Languages
JapaneseandBritish English
Religion
Mahayana Buddhism,Shinto,Protestantism,Confucianism,Roman Catholicism,Taoism,Orthodox,Islam,Judaism,Anglicanism

Background

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An advertisement for the1910 Japan-British Exhibitionwhich aimed to create greater awareness of the Japanese community in the UK as well asJapanese culturein general

History and settlement

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Settlement first began in the late 19th century with the arrival of Japanese professionals, students and their servants. 264 citizens of Japan resided in Britain in 1884, the majority of whom identifying as officials and students.[3]Employment diversified in the early 1900s with the growth of the Japanese community, which exceeded five hundred people by the close of the first decade of the 20th century.[3]

As tensions escalated between Japan and the United Kingdom in the buildup toWorld War II,some Japanese left their home country to settle in Britain while many more returned to Japan. Following the Japaneseattack on Pearl Harborandassault on Hong Kongin December 1941, 114 Japanese men including expatriate businessmen and merchant seamen were detained as enemy aliens on theIsle of Man.[4]

In the post-war era, new waves of immigration emerged in the 1960s, mainly for business and economic purposes. In recent decades this number has grown; including immigrants, students, and businessmen. In 2014 theJapanese Ministry of Foreign Affairsestimated that there were 67,258 Japanese nationals resident in the United Kingdom[2]For British nationals of Japanese heritage, unlike otherNikkeicommunities elsewhere in the world, these Britons do not conventionally parse their communities in generational terms asIssei,Nisei,orSansei.[5]

Students

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The firstJapanese students in the United Kingdomarrived in the nineteenth century, sent to study atUniversity College Londonby theChōshūandSatsumadomains, then theBakufu(Shogunate). Later many studied atCambridge Universityand a smaller number atOxford Universityuntil the end of theMeiji era.The reason for sending them was to catch up with the West by modernizing Japan. Since the 1980s, Japanese students in the United Kingdom have become common thanks to cheaperair travel.

Demographics

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Utagawa Yoshitora's painting of London shows his imagined vision of what the city looked like during the 19th century.
TheNipponzan-Myōhōjitemple inMilton Keynes

Parts of the United Kingdom, in particular London, have significant Japanese populations, such asGolders GreenandEast FinchleyinNorth London.Derbyshire has a significant Japanese population due to its Toyota plant, and is twinned withToyota, Aichi.[6]Similarly Telford is home to numerous Japanese firms.[7]

According to the2001 UK Census,37,535 Japanese born people were residing in the UK,[8]whilst theJapanese Ministry of Foreign Affairsestimates that 50,864 Japanese nationals were calling the UK home in 2002.[9]In the2011 Census,35,313 people in England specified their country of birth as Japan, 601 in Wales,[10]1,273 in Scotland[11]and 144 in Northern Ireland.[12]35,043 people living inEngland and Waleschose to write in Japanese in response to the ethnicity question,[13]1,245 in Scotland,[14]and 90 in Northern Ireland.[15]TheOffice for National Statisticsestimates that, in 2015, 43,000 people born in Japan were resident in the UK.[16]

Japaneseis the primary language of Japan, and the 2011 Census found that 27,764 people in England and Wales spoke Japanese as their main language, 27,305 of them in England alone, and 17,050 in London alone.[17]The 2011 Census also found that 83 people in Northern Ireland spoke Japanese as their main language.[18]

Organisations

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TheJapan SocietyandJapan Foundationsupport cultural programmes about Japanese culture.[19]

Notable individuals

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Below is a list of notable British people of Japanese heritage. Temporary individuals and expatriates are not included and can be found atCategory:Japanese expatriates in the United Kingdom.

British citizens born in the UK of Japanese ancestry

British citizens born overseas of Japanese ancestry (as well as Japanese citizens) in the UK

Other

Education

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Primary and secondary schools

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Japanese School in London

Many state and independent schools in the United Kingdom serve Japanese children. As of 2013, about 10-20% of Japanese school-age residents in the United Kingdom attend full-time Japanese curriculum-based international schools.[21]These schools include theJapanese School in London,and theboarding schoolsRikkyo School in EnglandandTeikyo School United Kingdom.[22]

TheShi-Tennoji SchoolinSuffolkwas in operation from 1985 to its date of closing,[23]17 July 2000.[24]TheGyosei International School UKinMilton Keynesclosed in 2002, after 15 years of operation.[25]

Post-secondary education

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class=notpageimage|
Locations of day schools (nihonjin gakkoandshiritsu zaigai kyoiku shisetsu) in England (grey dots represent closed schools)

The Teikyo school maintainsTeikyo University of Japan in Durhamat theLafcadio HearnCultural Centre at theUniversity of Durham.[22]

A boarding college inWinchester,Hampshire,the Winchester Shoei College at theUniversity of Winchester(formerly Shoei Centre at King Alfred's College), is an affiliate of theShoei Gakuin.It opened in 1982.[26][27]

Gyosei International College in the U.K.opened in 1989 inReading,Berkshireon land formerly controlled by theUniversity of Readingand its name later changed to the Witan International College. In 2004 the University of Reading announced that it took control of the Witan college.[28]

Supplementary education

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Derby
Canterbury
Cardiff
Edinburgh
Leeds
Manchester
Newcastle
Telford
class=notpageimage|
Locations of supplementary schools (hoshū jugyō kō) in the United Kingdom (red dots represent schools with MEXT funding with Wikipedia articles, blue dots represent those schools without Wikipedia articles, and green dots represent schools without MEXT funding (all without Wikipedia articles)

TheMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT) has eightSaturday Japanese supplementary schoolsin operation. As of 2013, 2,392 Japanese children inCanterbury,Cardiff,Derby,Edinburgh(school is inLivingston),Leeds,London,Manchester(school is inLymm),Sunderland(school is inOxclose), andTelfordattend these schools.[22][29]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^"TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed)".Office for National Statistics.Retrieved30 January2023.
  2. ^ab"Japan-United Kingdom Foreign Relations".Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Archivedfrom the original on 9 March 2017.Retrieved22 June2017.
  3. ^abItoh 2001,p. 1
  4. ^Itoh 2001,p. 185
  5. ^Itoh 2001,p.7
  6. ^Derby City Councilhttps:// derby.gov.uk/news/2019/july/japan-friendship-blossoms-with-100-cherry-trees-for-derby-derbyshire/
  7. ^BBC Newshttps:// bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-44685914
  8. ^"Country-of-birth database".Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Archived fromthe originalon 17 June 2009.Retrieved8 December2008.
  9. ^"Japan-UK relations".Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. October 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 24 December 2008.Retrieved8 December2008.
  10. ^"2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales".Office for National Statistics.26 March 2013.Retrieved31 December2016.
  11. ^"Country of birth (detailed)"(PDF).National Records of Scotland.Retrieved31 December2016.
  12. ^"Country of Birth – Full Detail: QS206NI".Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.Retrieved31 December2016.
  13. ^"2011 Census: Ethnic Group"(PDF).Bristol City Council.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 21 May 2014.Retrieved21 May2014.
  14. ^"Scotland's Census 2011 - National Records of Scotland - Ethnic group (detailed)"(PDF).Scottish Government.2013.Archived(PDF)from the original on 21 May 2014.Retrieved21 May2014.
  15. ^"Ethnic Group - Full Detail_QS201NI".Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service. 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 5 November 2013.Retrieved21 May2014.
  16. ^"Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2015 to December 2015".Office for National Statistics.25 August 2016.Retrieved31 December2016.Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95%confidence intervals.
  17. ^"2011 Census: Main language (detailed)".Office for National Statistics.Archivedfrom the original on 5 June 2013.Retrieved21 May2014.
  18. ^"Main Language - Full Detail_QS210NI".Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service. 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 21 May 2014.Retrieved21 May2014.
  19. ^Langdale, Georgina (July 2001)."MATSURI IN THE U.K."Look Japan.Archived fromthe originalon 2 August 2001.Retrieved1 May2019.
  20. ^"Andrew Koji".IMDb.
  21. ^Conte-Helm, Marie (1996).The Japanese and Europe: Economic and Cultural Encounters(17 December 2013 ed.). Bloomsbury Academic Collections); A&C Black.ISBN9781780939803.(ISBN1780939809), p.74."Some 10-20 per cent of Japanese children of school age in the UK attend[...]" (the figure is specific to the 2013 edition)
  22. ^abcConte-Helm 1996,p.74
  23. ^McNeill, Phil (22 July 2007)."Shrine of the times".The Telegraph.Archived fromthe originalon 2 March 2014.Retrieved8 January2014.
  24. ^"Establishment: Shi-Tennoji School".Department for Education.Archived fromthe originalon 9 January 2014.Retrieved8 January2014.Shi-Tennoji School Herringswell Bury St Edmund's Suffolk IP28 6SW
  25. ^"Sayonara!".Milton Keynes Citizen.17 January 2002. Archived fromthe originalon 9 January 2014.Retrieved8 January2014.
  26. ^Pearse, Bowen; McCooey, Chris (30 September 1991).Companion to Japanese Britain and Ireland.In Print Publishing.ISBN9781873047101.WINCHESTER (90) Shoei Centre (at King Alfred's College), Winchester, Hampshire In 1982, four years short of its centenary, Tokyo's Shoei Christian College for Girls opened a boarding college in Winchester. The new Japanese centre[...]
  27. ^Directory of Japanese-Affiliated Companies in the E. C., 1991-1992.Taylor & Francis.1 January 1992. p. 205.ISBN9784822405502.Archivedfrom the original on 16 May 2016.Retrieved18 October2015.Winchester Shoei College (Shoei Joshigakuin - Tokyo) 9, Chilbolton Court, Sarum Road, Winchester, Hants, S022 5HF
  28. ^"The University of Reading and Witan International College".University of Reading.6 August 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 9 January 2014.Retrieved9 January2014.
  29. ^""Ōshū no hoshū jugyō-kō ichiran (Heisei 25-nen 4 tsuki 15 nichigenzai)"Âu châu の học bổ túc thụ nghiệp giáo một lãm ( bình thành 25 năm ngày 15 tháng 4 hiện tại[List of European schools (as of April 15, 2013)].Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(in Japanese). Archived fromthe originalon 30 March 2014.Retrieved10 May2014.
  30. ^ダービー Nhật Bản người học bổ túc giáo[Derby Japanese School].Derby Japanese School.Archivedfrom the original on 14 February 2015.Retrieved14 February2015.c/o Derby College Broomfield Hall, Morley Ilkeston, Derby DE7 6DN UK
  31. ^"Wales Japan Club/ウェールズ Nhật Bản người sẽ".Archived from the original on 2006-02-03.Retrieved2018-01-13.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  32. ^"Contact".Kent Japanese School.Archivedfrom the original on 11 January 2018.Retrieved11 January2018.Classes are held from 10:00 to 12:30 every Saturday in Canterbury.
  33. ^"Home".Kent Japanese School.Archivedfrom the original on 14 January 2017.Retrieved11 January2018.
  34. ^""Contact Us".Manchester Japanese School.Archivedfrom the original on 15 February 2015.Retrieved15 February2015.Oughtrington Lane, Lymm, Cheshire, WA13 0RB, UK (Language Centre atLymm High School).
  35. ^"Shozaichi"Sở tại[Location].North East of England Japanese Saturday School.Archived fromthe originalon 15 February 2015.Retrieved15 February2015.C/O Oxclose Community School, Dilston, Close, Oxclose, Washington, Tyne and Wear, NE38 0LN
  36. ^"Google Sites"Điểm chính.The Scotland Japanese School(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on 15 February 2015.Retrieved15 February2015.1982 năm 5 nguyệt tam lăng điện cơ, Nhật Bản điện khí, ダイワスポーツが trung tâm となり, SDA( hiện tại の SDI, スコットランド quốc tế khai phát sảnh ) の hiệp lực を đến て, エジンバラ thị の Graigmount High School の phòng học を mượn り, sinh đồ số 11 danh, giáo viên 3 danh の hợp lại 3クラスでスタートし, そ の sau 2003 năm 4 nguyệt に thượng nhớ の sở tại に di 転, hiện tại に đến っています.
  37. ^"Home".Telford Japanese School.Archivedfrom the original on 15 February 2015.Retrieved15 February2015.c/o Lakeside Academy, Stirchley, Telford, Shropshire TF3 1FA
  38. ^"How to Find Us".Yorkshire and Humberside Japanese School.Archived fromthe originalon 15 February 2015.Retrieved15 February2015.

References

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