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The following events occurred inJune 1937:
- In Italy, theMinistry of Popular Cultureordered all foreign words and names to be Italianized.Louis Armstrong,for example, was to be known as Luigi Fortebraccio.[1]
- Oldsmobileannounced the firstautomatic transmissionavailable to the public.[1]
- Bill Dietrichof theChicago White Soxpitched an 8-0no-hitteragainst theSt. Louis Browns.[2]
- Born:Morgan Freeman,actor, director and narrator, inMemphis, Tennessee;Rosaleen Linehan,actress, inDublin,Ireland
- Rioting broke out aroundİskenderunandAntiochafter the Syrian parliament refused to ratify theLeague of Nations' decision to make the İskenderun district autonomous.[3]
- German War MinisterWerner von Blombergbegan a three-day visit to Italy to discuss German-Italian military ties.[4]
- St. Louis CardinalspitcherDizzy Deanwas suspended byNational LeaguePresidentFord C. Frickfor referring to Frick and umpireGeorge Barras "the two biggest crooks in baseball today."[5]
- Born:Jimmy Jones,singer-songwriter, inBirmingham, Alabama(d. 2012);Sally Kellerman,actress and singer, inLong Beach, California(d. 2022);Don Turnbull,journalist, editor and game designer, inPreston, Lancashire,England (d. 2003)
- Died:Louis Vierne,66, French organist and composer
- TheDuke of WindsorandWallis Warfield (Simpson)were married at theChâteau de CandéinMonts,France.
- Dizzy Dean refused to sign a letter of apology and threatened to sue Ford Frick for $250,000.[6]
- Born:Phyllis Baker,baseball player, inMarshall, Michigan(d. 2006);Crawford Hallock Greenewalt, Jr.,classical archaeologist, inWilmington, Delaware(d. 2012);Solomon P. Ortiz,politician, inRobstown, Texas
- Died:Emilio Mola,49, Spanish Nationalist commander (plane crash)
- Fumimaro KonoebecamePrime Minister of Japan.
- TheKriegsmarineheld its first maneuvers offHeligolandsince the island was refortified in defiance of theTreaty of Versailles.Only a skeleton fleet participated because so many ships were deployed in Spain.[7]
- The National League lifted its suspension of Dizzy Dean, who stuck with his vow not to sign a letter of apology but issued a letter of "explanation" instead. Dean lost $500 during the course of his suspension.[8][9]
- Sylvan Goldmanintroduced an invention of his called ashopping cartat the Humpty Dumpty supermarket he owned inOklahoma City.[10]
- Born:Gorilla Monsoon,professional wrestler and commentator, inRochester, New York(d. 1999)
- Died:Helmut Hirsch,21, German Jew convicted of conspiring in a bombing plot against the government (executed by decapitation)
- French troops were rushed to theİskenderunregion to control the rioting between Arabs and Turks.[3]
- TheSegovia Offensiveended inRepublicanfailure.
- Benito MussoliniandGaleazzo Cianobecame the first recipients of theOrder of the German Eagle.[11]
- Born:Roberto Blanco,singer and actor, inTunis,Tunisia;Neeme Järvi,conductor, inTallinn,Estonia
- Died:Jean Harlow,26, American actress (kidney disease)
- In London, representatives ofArgentina,Australia,Great Britain,Ireland,Norway,South Africa,Germany and the United States reached an agreement to stop the dangerous reduction of the world's whale stocks throughwhaling.[12]
- The German Postal Ministry decreed that all non-Aryans must retire.[12]
- TheCarl OrffcompositionCarmina Buranapremiered inFrankfurt.[12]
- The French war filmLa Grande Illusion(The Grand Illusion)directed byJean Renoirwas released.
- Atotal solar eclipseoccurred.
- Born:Toni Harper,child singer, in Los Angeles (d. 2023)
- The funeral ofJean Harlowwas held at a chapel in theForest Lawn Memorial ParkinGlendale, California.William Powell,Lionel Barrymore,Clark Gable,Spencer TracyandNorma Shearerwere among the mourners in attendance.[13]
- TheCitizens' War Memorialwas unveiled inChristchurch,New Zealand.
- Born:Harald Rosenthal,hydriobiologist, in Berlin, Germany
- Nazi Germany announced an ambitious 15-year development plan for the city ofHamburgthat would see the construction of a 60-story skyscraper and a suspension bridge across theElbe.[14]
- TheBoston Red Soxtraded the futureBaseball Hall of FamerRick Ferrell,his brotherWesandMel Almadato theWashington Senatorsin exchange forBen ChapmanandBobo Newsom.[15]
- Born:Luciana Paluzzi,actress, in Rome, Italy
- Died:
- Jane Foss Barff,73, Australian women's rights advocate
- Robert Borden,82, 8thPrime Minister of Canada
- The secretMoscow trialknown as theCase of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organizationbegan.[16]
- The comedy filmA Day at the Racesstarring theMarx Brotherswas released.[17]
- Born:
- Don Fleming,American college and professional football player; inBellaire, Ohio(d. 1963, construction accident)[18]
- Robin Warren,pathologist and Nobel laureate; inAdelaide,Australia (d. 2024)[19]
- Died:Máté Zalka,41, Hungarian writer and revolutionary (killed in the Spanish Civil War)
- TheCase of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organizationended swiftly with eight Soviet generals sentenced to be shot for treason.[20]
- TheBattle of Bilbaostarted as theNationalistslaunched an assault on the city.
- The Republicans launched theHuesca Offensive.
- Ralph Guldahlwon theU.S. Open.
- TheGreater Texas & Pan-American Expositionopened inDallas,Texas.
- The body of Henry Clay Torrence ofRichmond, California,was recovered onAngel IslandinSan Francisco Bay.Torrence was the first person to die by falling from theGolden Gate Bridgeafter its opening, but whether his death was an accident, suicide or murder is unknown.[21]
- Born:Mujaddid Ahmed Ijaz,experimental physicist, inLahore,British India(d. 1992)
- Died:Boris Feldman,46 or 47, Soviet military commander;Vitaly Primakov,39, Soviet military commander;Vitovt Putna,44, Soviet military officer;Mikhail Tukhachevsky,44, Soviet military leader;Ieronim Uborevich,41, Soviet military commander;Iona Yakir,40, Soviet military commander
- Nationalists capturedLas Arenas,cutting Bilbao off from the sea.[23]
- The Irish Parliament was dissolved and new elections called for July 1.[24]
- TheSocial Credit backbenchers' revoltinAlbertacame to an end when PremierWilliam Aberhartfinally got a budget passed in the legislature by a vote of 40–7.[25]
- Switzerland recognized the Italian conquest of Ethiopia.[26]
- Born:Herbert Feuerstein,comedian and entertainer, inZell am See,Austria (d. 2020);Waylon Jennings,musician and actor, inLittlefield, Texas(d. 2002);Alan Thornett,Trotskyist activist, in Britain
- Spanish Prime MinisterJuan NegrínbannedPOUM.Andrés Ninand other leaders were arrested; Nin soon disappeared mysteriously and was presumed murdered by Soviet agents.[27]
- Germany and Italy rejoined neutral ship patrols around Spain.[28]
- Born:Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,monarch and politician, inSofia,Bulgaria;Charmian May,actress, inPurbrook,England (d. 2002)
- Died:Alexander Chervyakov,45, Belarusian Communist leader (suicide)
- A state funeral was held in Germany for 31 victims of the May 29Deutschland incident.[29]
- The adventure filmKing Solomon's Minespremiered in the United Kingdom.
- The drama filmThe Road BackstarringJohn KingandRichard Cromwellpremiered at the Globe Theatre in New York City.[30]
- Cuban bandOrquesta Casino de la Playarecord "Bruca maniguá",Arsenio Rodríguez's first hit.[31]
- Nationalists captured the Santo Domingo hills northeast ofBilbaoafter a week-long assault and surrounded the city completely.[32]
- Secretary of theNational Fascist PartyAchille Staracemade it mandatory for all members of the party to subscribe to Mussolini's newspaper,Il Popolo d'Italia.[33]
- Born:Wray Carlton,AFL and CFL running back, inWallace, North Carolina;Vitaly Zholobov,cosmonaut, inZburjevka,Ukrainian SSR
- Died:Gaston Doumergue,73, French politician
- TheBattle of Bilbaoended with the Nationalist capture of the city.
- TheHuesca Offensiveended in Republican failure.
- TheWomen's day massacreoccurred inYoungstown, Ohio.
- Pennsylvania GovernorGeorge Howard Earle IIIdeclaredmartial lawinJohnstown.[34]
- Died:J. M. Barrie,77, Scottish author and dramatist
- A SovietTupolev ANT-25aircraft flew over theNorth Poleand landed inVancouver, Washington.The flight was made to test the prospects of trans-polar air travel.[35]
- All Catholic schools inBavariawere closed by the Nazis.[36]
- TheGeibeltbad Pirnawas founded nearDresden,Germany.
- Born:Rosa Luna,Uruguayan dancer (d. 1993)
- Léon Blumresigned as Prime Minister of France when the Senate refused to give him special powers to deal with the country's financial crisis.[37]
- OhioGovernorMartin L. Daveyordered 4,500 National Guardsmen to Youngstown.[34]
- TheWimbledon Championshipswere televised for the first time, onBBC Television.[38]
- Camille Chautempsbecame Prime Minister of France for the third time.
- Joe Louiswon bo xing 'sWorld Heavyweight Championshipwith an eighth-round knockout ofJames J. BraddockatComiskey ParkinChicago.[39]
- An espionage tribunal was established in the Spanish Republic with the primary task of putting members ofPOUMon trial.[40]
- Two Soviet gun boats were reported to have attacked Manchukuo troops near Heiho, on the Amur River.[41]
- Hitler sent the strongest units of theKriegsmarinetowardValenciafor a "demonstration" after dropping out of the international neutral ship patrol for the second time, since Britain and France refused to allow Germany to secure satisfaction for an alleged Spanish submarine attack on the cruiserLeipzig.Spain warned that it would fight back if any power shelled a Republican city.[42][43]
- Born:Martti Ahtisaari,10th President of Finland and Nobel laureate, inViipuri,Finland (d. 2023)
- Paul Robesonmade an important speech on theSpanish Civil Warat theRoyal Albert Hallin London during a benefit to raise funds for Basque refugee children. "There is no standing above the conflict on Olympian heights. There are no impartial observers", Robeson said. "The liberation of Spain from the oppression of fascist reactionaries is not a private matter of the Spaniards, but the common cause of all advanced and progressive humanity."[27][44]
- The8th Imperial Conferenceended.
- Liechtensteinadded a crown to itsnational flagso it would no longer be identical to theflag of Haiti.
- Neville Chamberlainmade his first major foreign policy speech in the House of Commons, in which he asked influential members of British society to exercise caution when talking about Germany's policy toward Spain to avoid a larger European war. "I have read that in the high mountains there are sometimes conditions to be found when an incautious move or even a sudden loud exclamation may start an avalanche", Chamberlain said. "That is just the condition in which we are finding ourselves to-day. I believe, although the snow may be perilously poised it has not yet begun to move, and if we can all exercise caution, patience and self-restraint we may yet be able to save the peace of Europe."[45][46]
- The historical adventure filmWee Willie WinkiestarringShirley TempleandVictor McLaglenpremiered in Los Angeles.[47]
- Born:Keizō Obuchi,Prime Minister of Japan, inNakanojō, Gunma,Japan (d. 2000)
- Died:Colin Clive,37, English actor (tuberculosis)
- Mary PickfordandCharles "Buddy" Rogerswere married in a simple ceremony in Los Angeles.[48]
- Born:Robert Coleman Richardson,experimental physicist, in Washington, D.C. (d. 2013)
- Martin Niemöllergave what would be his last sermon in Nazi Germany, stating, "No more are we ready to keep silent at man's behest when God commands us to speak. For it is, and must remain, the case that we must obey God rather than man."[49]
- The new French Finance MinisterGeorges Bonnetaddressed the country's financial crisis by closing the stock market and suspending all commercial payments in gold and foreign currencies until further notice.[50]
- The Soviet Union executed 36 more people for spying.[36]
- Born:Ron Luciano,baseball umpire, inEndicott, New York(d. 1995)
- Died:George Warren Russell,83, New Zealand politician
- The Nationalists occupiedBalmaseda.[51]
- Canadian Prime MinisterWilliam Lyon Mackenzie Kinghad separate meetings withHermann GöringandAdolf Hitlerin Berlin. Mackenzie King's diary entry that day described Hitler as "a man of deep sincerity and a genuine patriot."[52]
- TheLewiston–Auburn shoe strikeended in defeat of the workers.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr.andEthel du Pontwere married inWilmington, Delawarein the American society wedding of the decade.[53]
- German Reichsminister of Church AffairsHanns Kerrldecreed state control of Protestant church funds. The government now controlled all aspects of the churches' financial activities, right down to ministers' salaries.[54]
- Portugal stopped co-operating with theNon-Intervention Committeepatrol agreement and ordered British observers off its soil.[40]
- The emergency number999was introduced in the United Kingdom, the firstemergency telephone numberof its kind in the world.[55]
- To celebrate the anniversary of the 1910 founding of theBoy Scouts of America,the BSA's firstNational Jamboreeopened inWashington D.C.,with 25,000 scouts camping out on the grounds of theNational Mall.The event closed on July 9.
- Born:Noel Black,film and television director, screenwriter and producer, inChicago(d. 2014)
- Died:Frank A. Vanderlip,72, American banker
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