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The following events occurred inJune 1960:
- The U.S. state ofTexasbegan the "Little School" program, pioneered byFelix Tijerina,in 614 schools statewide. The program, designed to teach Spanish-speaking preschoolers 400 essential English words for a head start in the first grade, enrolled 15,805 children at its start.[1]
- Televisionwas introduced toNew Zealand,as broadcasts started inAucklandon AKTV, Channel 2, at7:30 p.m.and continued until10:00 p.m.The first program was an episode ofThe Adventures of Robin Hood.[2]
- InLaredo, Texas,Charles Mansonwas arrested on charges of violating theMann Actand his parole terms. He would remain in prison until 1967 and go on to infamy asleader of a cult of serial killers.[3]
- In a record that still stands, a 114-pound (52 kg)roosterfishwas caught by fisherman Abe Sackheim atLa Paz, Baja California Sur.[4]
- Trans-Canada Air Linesbegan transatlantic jet service, with a Douglas DC-8 aircraft flying a route fromMontrealtoLondon.
- InSt. Louis,Chuck Berrywas acquitted by a jury of charges of violating theMann Act.[5]
- Died:Lester Patrick,78, who, as first coach of the NHL'sNew York Rangers,popularized ice hockey in the United States.
- For the first time since 1919, New York's 22 Broadway theaters were closed, and scheduled performances were cancelled. The "theater blackout" was occasioned by a dispute between the Actors Equity Association and the League of New York Theaters but was resolved after eleven days.[6]
- At a concert at the civic hall inNeston, Cheshire,John Lennon,Paul McCartney,George Harrison,Stu SutcliffeandTommy Mooreperformed for the first time under the nameThe Beatles.[7]
- In considering possiblemeteoroiddamage to theMercury spacecraftin orbit, theSpace Task Groupconcluded that damage likelihood was small even during periods ofmeteor showers.However, it was recommended that Mercury missions not be scheduled during forecasted shower periods.[8]
- Born:
- Tony Hadley,English singer (Spandau Ballet); inIslington, London
- Kyle Petty,NASCAR driver; inRandleman, North Carolina
- The Japanese electronics companySegawas established as Nihon Goraku Bussan by American businessmen Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart. Originally a maker coin-operated machines, the company would become famous for releasing the firstSonic the Hedgehoggame in 1991. Sonic would later become a multi-billion dollar franchise for the Sega company.[9]
- Argentinademanded thatIsraelreturnAdolf Eichmann,and then asked for reparations for Eichmann's seizure by Mossad agents in Buenos Aires. On August 2, the dispute was resolved by Israel keeping Eichmann, but acknowledging that Argentina's fundamental rights had been infringed upon.[6]
- Canadian Prime MinisterJohn Diefenbakerarrived inWashington, D.C.,for astate visitand private talks with U.S. PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower.[10]
- The Aerospace Corporation,a non-profit company, was incorporated inCalifornia.[11]
- Born:Don Brown,American novelist and attorney; inPlymouth, North Carolina
- Died:Ana Pauker,67, former Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs (1947 to 1952) and the first woman to serve as a foreign minister of any nation
- Articles 85 and 86 of theConstitution of Francewere amended to permit former territories to attain complete independence and to remain as members of theFrench Community.The decision did not save the Community, which had only six members—Gabon, Congo, Chad, the CAR, the Malagasy Republic and France—left by 1962.[12]
- Born:Bradley Walsh,English comedian and actor; inWatford,Hertfordshire
- Died:Józef Haller,87, Polish military leader
- The infamous unsolved case of theLake Bodom murderstoke place atBodom LakeinEspoo,Uusimaa,when Maila Björklund, Anja Mäki, and Seppo Boisman were stabbed to death while asleep inside their tent. Nils Gustafsson, the fourth member of the group, who had been seriously wounded, would be arrested nearly 44 years later,[13]but would be acquitted.[14][15]
- Dwight D. Eisenhowerbecame the first incumbentPresident of the United Statesto deliver the commencement speech at theUniversity of Notre Dame.Jimmy Carter(1977),Ronald Reagan(1981),George H. W. Bush(1992),George W. Bush(2001) andBarack Obama(2009) would later speak at the Notre Dame commencement.[16]
- Voters in areferenduminCambodiaapproved making PrinceNorodom Sihanoukas a non-royal Chief of State. The "official" result of the non-secret vote was 99.98% in favor of Sihanouk.[17]
- Died:Rudell Stitch,27, American professional welterweight boxer, drowned while trying to rescue a friend who had fallen overboard in the Ohio River. Stitch had planned to sign a contract the next day for a July 24 rematch against world welterweight champion Luis Manuel Rodriguez.
- The first fixed-rateheart pacemaker,with five year mercuric-oxide battery and designed by a team headed by William Chardack, was implanted in a patient.[18]
- TheAmerican Heart Associationannounced a "statistical association" between heavy cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease, with heavy smokers having 50 to 150 percent greater death rate from heart disease than non-smokers.[19]
- The1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Personswent into effect, protecting the rights of any "person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law".[20]
- Lightweight boxer Tommy Pacheco was fatally injured in a bout with Benny Gordon at St. Nicholas Arena in New York. Pacheco died three days later from a cerebral hemorrhage.[21]
- Barbra Streisand,an 18-year-old Brooklynite, began a professional singing career by winning $50 in a talent contest at "The Lion", a nightclub inGreenwich Village.[22]
- At theDutch Grand PrixinZandvoort,won byJack Brabham,a spectator was killed.Dan Gurney's car skidded off the track, fatally injuring 18-year old Piet Aalders ofHaarlem.[23]
- Born:Steve Vai,American guitarist; inLong Island, New York[24]
- Died:Ernest L. Blumenschein,86, American painter[25]
- ABOMARCmissile, and itsnuclear warhead,caught fire atMcGuire Air Force BaseinNew Jersey.Although a liquid helium tank in the missile exploded, and the warhead was melted by the fire, there was no risk of a nuclear blast in thePhiladelphiaarea.The accidentdid cause a spillage ofplutonium,and the contaminated areas were subsequently encased under asphalt and concrete.[26][27]
- Ronald Reaganresigned as President of theScreen Actors Guild.[28]
- Dr.Agostinho Neto,leader of theMPLAinPortuguese West Africa(nowAngola), was arrested by colonial authorities at his clinic atCatete,and charged with subversion by colonial authorities. Dr. Neto would later be released, and, in 1975, would become the firstPresident of Angola.[29]
- In elections in the Canadian province ofSaskatchewan,PremierTommy Douglas's Co-operative Commonwealth Federation won a fifth consecutive majority. The election was significant as the first in which the province's Indians had voted.[30]
- Born:Mick Hucknall,English rock singer and songwriter (Simply Red); inDenton
- Typhoon Marymade landfall nearHong Kongand then moved across to theFukien Provinceof China, killing more than 1,600 people.[31][32]
- The newAmerican Football Leaguesigned a five-year television contract with the ABC television network for$8.5 million.[33]
- TheUnited States Weather Bureauestimated that it would require $50,000 during fiscal year 1961 in support ofProject Mercury.Bureau responsibilities includedweather forecastingfor Mercury launching and recovery activities, climatological studies along the area of the Mercury ground track, and environmental studies of specified areas.[8]
- Died:Tsutomu Sato,pioneering Japanese ophthalmologist who developedrefractive surgeryfor vision improvement
- All 31 people aboardAeroflot Flight 207were killed in the Soviet Union on an Ilyushin 14P that had departedRostovin the Russian SFSR with four scheduled stops and a final destination ofTbilisiin the Georgian SSR, after takeoff fromSochi(in Russia) on a short flight toKutaisi(in Georgia), and impacted at Mount Rech in theCaucasus Mountains.[34]
- Later in the day,Trans Australia Airlines Flight 538crashed into the ocean off ofMackay, Queensland,while making its approach fromBrisbane,killing all 29 people.[35]The crash of the Fokker F-27 remains the worst loss of life in a civilian air crash in Australia; a1943 crashof a B-17 bomber killed 40 people.
- InTokyo,U.S. President Eisenhower's Press Secretary,James C. Hagerty,appointments secretary Thomas E. Stephens, and U.S. Ambassador to JapanDouglas MacArthur IIhad their car surrounded by an angry mob, and were trapped inside for an hour and a half before a U.S. Marine helicopter rescued them. Eisenhower set off on his tour of the Far East the next day and refused to postpone his trip to Japan.[36]
- June 10, 1960, had been the scheduled date for President Eisenhower to arrive in Moscow to begin a tour of the Soviet Union, but the plans were cancelled in May 1960 following the U-2 Incident.
- Anopera based onA Midsummer Night's Dream,created byBenjamin BrittenandPeter Pearsfrom the play byWilliam Shakespeare,had its first performance.[37]
- Thirty people at a wedding reception inMultaninPakistan,were killed in the collapse of a roof.[6][38]
- Born:Mehmet Oz,known professionally as Dr. Oz, American television presenter, physician, author, professor emeritus of cardiothoracic surgery atColumbia University,and former political candidate; inCleveland, Ohio[39]
- Electionsbegan inLebanon,and for the first time, thesecret ballotwas made available to voters, a reform implemented after the 1957 elections were tainted with fraud.[40]Voting for the 99 member parliament, which reserved 55 seats for Christians and 44 for Moslems, was conducted over four Sundays.Saeb Salam,leader of the Phalangists (Kataeb Party), became Prime Minister in August.
- AJapanese midget submarinethat had been sunk by depth charges nearPearl HarboronDecember 7, 1941,was discovered after more than 18 years. The two-manI-18was raised by the USSCurrenton July 6 and then returned to Japan.[41]
- Pacific Northern AirlinesFlight 201 flew into the side ofMount Gilbert (Alaska),killing all 14 people on board.[42]
- Thousands of protesters in Japan, angry over Japan's ratification of the security treaty with the United States, stormed into the parliament building and clashed with police. One female student,Michiko Kanba,was killed, and more than 600 students were injured. Nationwide an estimated5.8 millionpeople participated in demonstrations.[43]U.S. President Eisenhower cancelled a planned (June 19) visit to Tokyo at the request of Japan's Prime MinisterNobusuke Kishi.[6]
- Aheat burstoccurred near the resort ofLake Whitney, Texas,shortly after midnight, followed by a windstorm. Despite later claims that, from 80 degrees, the temperature rose to nearly 140 °F ",[44]contemporary accounts at the time reported a peak of 95°.[45]
- The eight-month-long strike by theWriters Guild of Americaended with a settlement that the writers would later regret, with the right to residuals on old films being given up in return for health and pension benefits.[46]
- BC Ferries,the second largest ferry operator in the world, started service with two ships, the M.V.Tsawwassenand the M.V.Sidney,operating betweenTsawwassenandSwartz Bay.[47]
- TIROS-1,launched on April 1 as the first weather satellite, stopped transmitting.
- Portuguese colonial troops killed more than 600 Mozambican peopleas they fired into a crowd of black Africans who were protesting for the independence ofPortuguese East Africa.In 1975,Portugalwould finally allow the nation to become independent asMozambique.[48]
- The proposedTwenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitutionwas approved by the U.S. Senate, two days after it had passed the House, and submitted to the states for ratification. Sponsored by Congressman Emanuel Cellar of New York, the amendment granted theDistrict of Columbiathree electoral votes, allowing D.C. residents to vote in presidential elections, and was ratified by March 29, 1961.[49]
- Psycho,directed byAlfred Hitchcockand starringAnthony Perkinsas the killer at the Bates Motel, had its premiere, at two cinemas in New York City, theDeMilleand theBaronet.[50]
- Born:Peter Sterling( "Sterlo" ), Australian rugby league star; inToowoomba, Queensland
- Ted Williamsof theBoston Red Soxhit his 500th home run, in a game at Cleveland, off of Indians' pitcherWynn Hawkins.Williams was only the fourth person to reach the milestone, afterBabe Ruth,Jimmie FoxxandMel Ott.Twenty-three others have hit 500 homers as of 2015.[51]
- Communists won theelections to the leadership of the Iraqi Cigarette Workers Union.However, the government authorities refused to acknowledge the result, and called for new elections.[52]
- The newAmerican Football Leaguefiled an antitrust lawsuit against theNational Football League.[53]Following trial, a court concluded that the NFL had not violated the law.
- El Rancho Vegas,which in 1941 became the first casino resort on what would become theLas Vegas Strip,burned down.[54]
- Born:Thomas Haden Church,American actor; inWoodland, California
- "Freedomland",a theme park designed in the shape of the United States and billed (until a lawsuit) as" Disneyland of the East ", was dedicated in theBronx,and opened the next day.[55]
- TheMiddleton Railway,atLeedsin England, became the firststandard gaugeline to be operated by volunteers.[56]
- Atlaslaunch vehicle 50-D was delivered for the firstMercury-Atlasmission (MA-1).[8]
- The first commencement of theUniversity of Waterloowas held.[57]
- In Moscow,KGBChairmanAleksandr Shelepinsecretly delivered a report to Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, warning that, according to KGB sources in the U.S., "the chiefs at the Pentagon are hoping to launch a preventive war against the Soviet Union". Relying on the unconfirmed report, Khrushchev publicly stated 10 days later that the Soviets would use their own missiles if the U.S. attempted to invade Cuba.[58]
- On his tour of the Far East, U.S. President Eisenhower encountered his first hostile reception, while visiting the island ofOkinawa.A crowd of 1,500 protesters demonstrated in favor of the island's return from U.S. administration to Japan.[6]
- Peñarol,the champion ofUruguay's soccer football league, wonthe first Copa Libertadoresof South America, playing a 1 to 1 draw againstParaguayanchampionClub OlimpiainAsunción,a week after a 1 to 0 win over Olimpia inMontevideo.With the award of the cup (now referred to as theCopa Libertadores) based upon the aggregate score, Peñarol had an overall 2 to 1 score against Club Olimpia. As the winner, it advanced to a two-game match against the European Cup champion (Real Madridof Spain) inthe first Intercontinental Cup.
- TheCharlotte Motor Speedwayopened inConcord, North Carolina,and hosted the firstWorld 600NASCAR race.Joe Lee Johnsonwon the first running of the 600.[59]
- Died:
- Alan Stacey,26, English race car driver, was killed on the 26th lap of the Belgian Grand Prix when he wasstruck in the face by a flying birdwhile driving at 120 miles per hour (190 km/h), causing him to lose control and overturn in a fiery crash.[60]Only six of the 17 starters were able to finish the race, won byJack Brabham.[61]
- Chris Bristow,22, English race car driver, viewed as a "future world champion",[62]was killed on the 20th lap of theBelgian Grand Prixwhen he crashed and was thrown from his car.
- Jimmy Bryan,34, winner of the1958 Indianapolis 500,was killed when he lost control of his car during a race at theLanghorne Speedwayin Pennsylvania.[63]
- TheMali Federation,created in 1959 by a merger of theFrench SudanandSenegal,was granted independence by France.Modibo Keïtawas head of the Federation, andLéopold Sédar Senghorwas Speaker of the National Assembly.[64]The Federation existed for two months, untilSenegal(led by Senghor) seceded on August 20. The former French Sudan then became the Republic of Mali, with Keita as its president.
- At New York's Polo Grounds, a crowd of 31,892 watchedFloyd Pattersonbecome the first person to regain the world heavyweight bo xing championship. In the fifth round, Patterson knocked out championIngemar Johanssonwith a powerful left hook that left the Swedish boxer unconscious for ten minutes. Johansson then walked out under his own power.[65]
- Crewed tests of the Mercuryenvironmental control systembegan. The subjects were clothed inpressure suitsand subjected to postlanding conditions for 12 hours without serious physiological effects.[8]
- Nan Wintonbecame the first national female newsreader onBBCtelevision.
- Died:
- John B. Kelly Sr.,70, athlete turned self-made millionaire, and father of Monaco's Princess Grace
- William E. Fairbairn,75, English soldier and hand-to-hand combat expert
- A major oil discovery was made in theTyumen Oblastof theSoviet Union,"heralding the beginning of western Siberian production on a large scale". Starting in 1964, petroleum from the Shaim Oil Field would be shipped on theIrtysh Riverto a refinery inOmsk.[66]
- Armin HaryofWest Germanybecame the first man to run 100 meters in 10.0 seconds. He was competing in an event inZürich,Switzerland.[67]
- Southeastern Illinois Collegewas established inHarrisburg, Illinois,following a publicreferendum.[68]
- The last operationalB-29bomber flew its final mission, a routine radar evaluation flight.
- The TV WesternColt.45broadcast its final episode, after three seasons on ABC.
- The first launch of twosatellitesfrom the same rocket (aThor-Ablestar) took place atCape Canaveral,as the United States placed aTransitII-A navigation satellite and a surveillance and solar observation satellite into space. Thirty minutes later, a spring-loaded device sent the two spheres into separate orbits.[6]TheUnited States Naval Research LaboratorySOLRAD 1Galactic Radiation and Backgroundprogram satellite served as the first successful U.S.reconnaissance satelliteover theSoviet Unionand returned the first real-timeX-rayandultravioletobservations of the Sun.
- All 54 people on board a BrazilianREALairliner were killed when theConvair CV-340crashed intoGuanabara Baywhile approachingRio de Janeiro.[6][69]
- A fire in a department store inLiverpoolin England, killed 11 people.[6]
- The "Quiet Revolution"in the historically conservative Canadian province ofQuebecbegain inlegislative electionsasQuebec Liberal PartyleaderJean Lesagedefeated the long-rulingUnion Nationalethat had been led byMaurice Duplessisfor 15 years until his death in 1959. Lesage and the liberals had campaigned with the slogan "Il faut que ça change" ( "Things have got to change" ).[70]
- Born:
- Erin Brockovich,American consumer advocate and environmental activist, later the subject of afilm of the same name;inLawrence, Kansas[71]
- Adam Schiff,U.S. Congressman for California since 2001, and Chair of the House Intelligence Committee; inFramingham, Massachusetts[72]
- Kenneth Pinyan,American advocate forzoophiliawho died while having oral sex with a stallion in 2005, under the alias "Mr. Hands"[73]
- On the day that the unpopular U.S.-Japan Security Treaty went into effect, Japan's Prime MinisterNobusuke Kishiannounced his resignation. Kishi was replaced byIkeda Hayato.[74]
- Rival Congolese leadersJoseph KasavubuandPatrice Lumumbaagreed to share power, with Kasavubu to become the former Belgian colony's first President, and Lumumba to become the nation's first Prime Minister.[75]
- Enovid,the first FDA approved contraceptive drug, became available in pill form at pharmacies throughout the United States.[76]
- Wilber Hardeefounded hisfast foodchain,Hardee's.He opened his first namesake restaurant inGreenville, North Carolina,on September 3.
- Romulo Betancourt,thePresident of Venezuela,was injured in an assassination attempt that was later traced back toDominican RepublicdictatorRafael Trujillo.As the presidential limousine drove throughCaracason Avenida de los Proceres, a bomb concealed inside a parked 1954 Oldsmobile was detonated. A bystander, and Betancourt's aide, Ramon Armas Perez, were fatally injured.[77]
- All 54 people on board a Brazilian airliner, operated byREAL Transportes Aéreoswere killed when the Convair CV-340 plane plunged into the sea while making its approach toRio de Janeiroafter a flight fromBelo Horizonte.[78]
- The Romance of Helen Trent,which had been a daytime soap opera on theCBS Radio Networksince its debut on October 30, 1933, was broadcast for the 7,222nd and last time, ending a run of almost 27 years.[79]
- Born:
- Adel Abdel Bary,Egyptianal-Qaedaofficer and plotter in the1998 bombing of the United States Embassysin Kenya and Tanzania
- Juli Inkster,Americangolferand winner of seven championship tournaments; inSanta Cruz, California
- William H. Martin and Bernon F. Mitchell,two cryptologists with theNational Security Agency,departed the United States for a vacation in Mexico, then flew the next day to Cuba and defected to theSoviet Union.[80]
- The first talks between the government of France and the leadership of the Algerian rebel group, theFLN,took place in the Parisian suburb ofMelun.[81]
- Died:Sudhindranath Dutta,59, Bengali Indian poet
- TheHavana Sugar Kingsplayed their last baseball game inCuba,defeating the visitingRochester Red Wings,6–5, in the predominantly AmericanInternational League.After the IL's All-Star break, the Havana team played at Buffalo and Richmond, and then transferred to Jersey City, New Jersey, before their game in Miami.[82]
- TheState of Somaliland,led by Prime MinisterMuhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal,attainedindependencefrom the United Kingdom. On Friday, the former British Somaliland protectorate united with the UN Trust Territory in the formerSomalia Italiana,to create theSomali Republic.[83]
- TheMalagasy Republic,located on the island ofMadagascar,attained full independence from France, withPhilibert Tsirananaas president.[84]
- Typhoon Olivestruck thePhilippines,killing 104 people and leaving more than 500 missing.[6]
- Chlorophyll"A" was first synthesized, atHarvard UniversitybyRobert Burns Woodward.[85]Woodward would receive theNobel Prize in Chemistryin 1965.[86]
- Best Seller,the last new daytime radio soap opera, premiered on the CBS Radio Network. It would be cancelled after five months, along with all other CBS Radio daytime programs, on November 25.[87]
- Disarmament discussions in Paris came to an end when the Soviet Union and its allies withdrew from further talks. Talking resumed in March 1962.[88]
- Jamaican and British soldiers and policemen arrested 100 members of the First Africa Corps, aRastafariangroup, ending its influence in Jamaica.[89]
- "Project Orbit" was established as a complement in the U.S. to the Mercury spacecraft reliability program, with one production spacecraft to be withdrawn from operation for extensive testing of vacuum, heat, and vibration conditions. This test series was later designated[8]
- Born:Michael Mayer,American theatre director; inBethesda, Maryland[90][91][failed verification]
- Died:
- Lottie Dod,88, English tennis player; Wimbledon women's champion, 1887–1888 and 1891–1893
- Harry Pollitt,70, General Secretary, 1929–1956, ofCommunist Party of Great Britain
- Ivan Matetić Ronjgov,80, Croatian composer
- Lightning strikes started 143 separate fires acrossArizonaandNew Mexico,the most recorded in a single day.[92]
- An explosion at Six Bells Colliery atMonmouthshireinWaleskilled 45 coal miners.[6]
- TheUniversity of Novi Sadwas founded inYugoslavia.
- Born:John Elway,American NFL quarterback for the Denver Broncos; inPort Angeles, Washington
- Cubanationalized theTexacooil refinery inSantiago de Cuba,after the corporation refused to process Soviet petroleum. The seizure ofEsso of CubaandShell Oilrefineries followed two days later.[6][93]
- The first weather satellite,TIROS,was shut down byNASAafter 78 days, 1,302 orbits, and almost 23,000 weather photos.[94]
- TheBBC Television Centrewas opened inLondon.[95]
- At 12:01 a.m. (0101 GMT), theBelgian Congowas proclaimed independent by KingBaudouin of Belgium.The new Congolese Prime Minister,Patrice Lumumba,then delivered an angry speech about colonial rule.[96]Two days later, the first rioting began, followed by an army mutiny and civil war.[97][98]
- Lionel Bart's musical,Oliver!,based on the 1838Charles DickensnovelOliver Twist,was presented for the first time. The debut on London's West End was joined by a Broadway production on January 6, 1963.[99]
- Mercury Spacecraft No. 2 was delivered to theMarshall Space Flight Center,Huntsville, Alabama,for compatibility tests with theRedstonelaunch vehicle and was shipped to Cape Canaveral on July 23, 1960.[8]
- Born:
- Murray Cook,Australian DJ and former musician forThe Wiggles;inCowra,New South Wales
- Lunna(stage name for Maria Socorro Garcia de la Noceda), Puerto Rican singer; inPonce
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