KISS,anacronymfor "Keep it simple, stupid!",is adesignprinciple first noted by theU.S. Navyin 1960.[1][2]First seen partly inAmerican Englishby at least 1938, KISS implies thatsimplicityshould be a design goal. The phrase has been associated with aircraft engineerKelly Johnson.[3]The term "KISS principle" was in popular use by 1970.[4]Variations on the phrase (usually as someeuphemismfor the more churlish "stupid" ) include "keep it super simple", "keep it simple, silly", "keep it short and simple", "keep it short and sweet", "keep it simple and straightforward",[5]"keep it small and simple", "keep it simple, soldier",[6]"keep it simple, sailor", "keep it simple, sweetie",[7]"keep it stupidly simple", or "keep it sweet and simple".
Origin
editThe acronym was reportedly coined byKelly Johnson,lead engineer at theLockheedSkunk Works(creators of theLockheed U-2andSR-71 Blackbirdspy planes, among many others).[3]However, the variant "Keep it Short and Simple" is attested from a 1938 issue of theMinneapolis Star.[8]
While popular usage has transcribed it for decades as "Keep it simple, stupid", Johnson transcribed it simply as "Keep it simple stupid" (no comma), and this reading is still used by many authors.[9]
The principle is best exemplified by the story of Johnson handing a team of design engineers a handful of tools, with the challenge that thejet aircraftthey were designing must be repairable by an averagemechanicin the field under combat conditions with only these tools. Hence, the "stupid" refers to the relationship between the way things break and the sophistication available to repair them.
The acronym has been used by many in theU.S. military,especially theU.S. NavyandUnited States Air Force,and in the field ofsoftware development.
Variants
editThe principle most probably finds its origins in similarminimalistconcepts, such as:
- Occam's razor;
- "Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication";
- Shakespeare's "Brevity is the soul of wit";
- Mies van der Rohe's "Less is more";
- Bjarne Stroustrup's "Make Simple Tasks Simple!";
- Dr. Seuss's ode to brevity: "So the writer who breeds more words than he needs, is making a chore for the reader who reads";
- Johan Cruyff's "Playing football is very simple but playing simple football is the hardest thing there is";
- Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's "It seems that perfection is reached not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away";
- Colin Chapman,the founder ofLotus Cars,urged his designers to "Simplify, then add lightness";
- Attributed toAlbert Einstein,although this may be an editor's paraphrase of a lecture he gave,[10]"Make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler";
- Steve Jobs's "
Simplify,Simplify,Simplify ",[11][12]which simplifiedHenry David Thoreau's quote "Simplify, simplify, simplify" for emphasis; - Northcote Parkinson,British academic and sometimes military officer and military critic, expressed this idea as "Parkinson's Third Law" (c. 1957): "Expansion means complexity and complexity, decay; or to put it even more plainly—the more complex, the sooner dead";
Heath Robinsoncontraptions andRube Goldberg's machines,intentionally overly-complex solutions to simple tasks or problems, are humorous examples of "non-KISS" solutions.
Usage
editIn film animation
editMaster animatorRichard Williamsexplains the KISS principle in his bookThe Animator's Survival Kit,andDisney's Nine Old Menwrite about it inDisney Animation: The Illusion of Life,a considerable work of the genre. The problem faced is that inexperienced animators may "over-animate" in their works, that is, a character may move too much and do too much. Williams urges animators to "KISS".
In software development
edit- Don't repeat yourself(DRY)
- Minimalism
- Unix philosophy
- Arch Linux
- Slackware Linux
- Chartjunk
- List of software development philosophies
- Reduced instruction set computing
- Rule of least power
- There's more than one way to do it
- Worse is better(Less is more)
- You aren't gonna need it(YAGNI)
In politics
edit- Keep It Simple Solutions, New Brunswick,aminorpolitical partyinNew Brunswick,Canada
- Keep It Straight and Simple Party,a minor political party inSouth Africa
In popular culture
editIn theFilipinoneo-noirfilmSegurista,KISS is invoked by Mrs Librada (played byLiza Lorena) as an approach to sellinginsurance.[13]
In the American version ofThe Office,Michael Scott'sadvice toDwight Schrutebefore making any decision is KISS (Keep it Simple, Stupid).
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English, Tom Dalzell, 2009, 1104 pages, p.595, webpage: BGoogle-5F: notes U.S. Navy "Project KISS" of 1960, headed byRear Admiral Paul D. Stroop,Chicago Daily Tribune,p.43, 4 December 1960.
- ^ The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang,Eric Partridge, Tom Dalzell, Terry Victor, Psychology Press, 2007, p.384.
- ^ab Clarence Leonard (Kelly) Johnson 1910–1990: A Biographical Memoir(PDF), by Ben R. Rich, 1995, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, p. 13.
- ^ Pit & Quarry,Vol. 63, July 1970, p.172, quote: "as in every other step of the development process, follow the KISS principle — Keep It Simple, Stupid."
- ^"Kiss principle definition by MONASH Marketing Dictionary".1994-11-18.Retrieved2016-01-24.
- ^Officers' Call.Print Media Branch, Command Information Unit, Office, Chief of Public Affairs, HQDA. 1986.LCCN88655070.
Remember the adage KISS; Keep it Simple, Soldier
- ^Sunday Post-Crescent (Appleton, WI) on November 4, 1973.
- ^"Keep It Short and Simple (1938)".The Minneapolis Star.1938-12-02. p. 20.Retrieved2022-08-21.
- ^Ram B. Misra (2004), "Global IT Outsourcing: Metrics for Success of All Parties",Journal of Information Technology Cases and Applications,volume 6 issue 3, page 21.Online version.Retrieved 2009-12-19.
- ^"Everything Should Be Made as Simple as Possible, But Not Simpler".Quote Investigator. 13 May 2011.
- ^"Simplify Simplify Simplify Message on the wall of..."Ramon Vullings - ideaDJ Blog.18 February 2014.Retrieved2022-04-03.
- ^Makovsky, Ken."Inside Apple #2".Forbes.Retrieved2022-04-03.
- ^Aguiluz Tikoy (Director) (1996).Segurista[Dead Sure] (Motion picture) (in Filipino). Philippines: Neo Films. Event occurs at 00:03:39.