Kobylin

For other uses, seeKobylin (disambiguation).

Kobylin([kɔˈbɨlʲin]) is a town inKrotoszyn County,Greater Poland Voivodeship,Poland,with 3,130 inhabitants (2010).

Kobylin
GothicSaint Stanislaus Kostka church in Kobylin
Coat of arms
Kobylin
Coordinates:51°42′N17°14′E
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Greater Poland
County	Krotoszyn
Gmina	Kobylin
Town rights	before 1303
Area
• Total	4.92 km2(1.90 sq mi)
Population (2010)
• Total	3,130
• Density	640/km2(1,600/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code	63-740
Climate	Cfb
Website	http:// kobylin.pl

History

Document of granting town rights, ca. 1303

In theEarly Middle Agesit was a market settlement,which became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century, as part of theGreater Polandregion. It was mentioned in documents from 1289.Kobylin was grantedtown rightsbefore 1303.Initially, it was calledWenecja.It was aprivate townadministratively located in the Pyzdry County in theKalisz Voivodeshipin theGreater Poland Provinceof the Kingdom of Poland.In 1456 a school was established at the Bernardine monastery.Its graduates usually enrolled to theUniversity of Kraków,Poland's oldest and leading university. Among them were professors of the University of Kraków: Maciej of Kobylin, who was a philosopher and one of the teachers ofNicolaus Copernicus,Piotr of Kobylin, author of the first known Polishtextbook,andAndrzej Glaber,translator of the firstanatomicalbook published in thePolish language.Famousfairswere held in Kobylin during the reign of KingSigismund II Augustus.During theThirty Years' War,Protestant refugees fromSilesiasettled in the town.One of the greatestPolish BaroquepoetsSamuel Twardowskiwas buried in the Bernardine church.The town was plundered by theSwedesduring theDelugeandGreat Northern War,and by theRussiansduring theSeven Years' War.

After theSecond Partition of Poland,in 1793 it was annexed byPrussia.Following the successfulGreater Poland uprising of 1806,it was regained by Poles and included in the short-livedDuchy of Warsaw,in 1815 it was re-annexed by Prussia.Four annual fairs were held in Kobylin in the mid-19th century.Local Poles took part in theGreater Poland uprising (1918–19),after which Kobylin was integrated with Poland, shortly after it regained independence.

DuringWorld War IIKobylin was underGerman occupationfrom September 1939 to January 1945. The GermansexpelledthePolishpopulation to theGeneral Governmentin the more eastern part of occupied Poland or imprisoned inNazi concentration camps.In November 1939, the Germans murdered six Poles fromBiadkiin the nearby forest.The Germans also set up a camp for children taken fromorphanagesfromGreater PolandandPomerania(seeKidnapping of children by Nazi Germany).ThePolish resistancewas active in Kobylin. TheGrey Ranksprinted and distributedPolish underground pressthere.

Demographics

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1811 1,719 — 1837 2,226 +29.5% 1871 2,366 +6.3% 1880 2,418 +2.2% 1890 2,223 −8.1% 1900 2,208 −0.7% 1910 2,329 +5.5%	Year Pop. ±% 1921 2,172 −6.7% 1931 2,359 +8.6% 1939 2,600 +10.2% 1950 2,302 −11.5% 1960 2,223 −3.4% 2010 3,130 +40.8%
Source: