Wikipedia

Kuwait Airways

Kuwait Airways(Arabic:الخطوط الجوية الكويتية,al-Ḫuṭūṭ al-Jawiyyah al-Kuwaītiyyah) is theflag carrierofKuwait,[3]with its head office on the grounds ofKuwait International Airport,Al Farwaniyah Governorate.It operates scheduled international services throughout theMiddle East,to theIndian subcontinent,Europe,Southeast AsiaandNorth America,from its main base atKuwait International Airport.

Kuwait Airways
الخطوط الجوية الكويتية
al-Khuṭūṭ al-Jawiyyah al-Kuwaītiyyah
IATA ICAO Call sign
KU KAC KUWAITI
Founded1953;71 years ago(1953)
(asKuwait National Airways)
Commenced operations16 March 1954;70 years ago(1954-03-16)
HubsKuwait International Airport
Frequent-flyer programOasis Club
Fleet size34
Destinations52[1]
Parent companyKuwait Airways Corporation (KAC)[2]
HeadquartersAl Farwaniyah Governorate,Kuwait
Key peopleAbdulmohsen Salem Alfagaan (Chairman&CEO)
Websitewww.kuwaitairways

History

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Kuwait National AirwaysDouglas DC-3in 1955

The carrier traces its history back to 1953,[nb 1]whenKuwait National Airwayswas formed by a group of Kuwaiti businessmen; initially, the government took a 50% interest.[5]: 211 [6]That year, a five-year management contract was signed withBritish International Airlines(BIA),[7]aBOACsubsidiary in Kuwait that operated charter flights and provided maintenance services.[6][8]TwoDakotaswere bought,[5]: 211 and operations started on 16 March 1954.[4]The carrier transported 8,966 passengers in its first year of operations.[9]In July 1955, the nameKuwait Airwayswas adopted.[10][nb 2]In May 1958,[4]a new contract for management and operation was signed, directly with BOAC this time.[11]BIA was taken over by Kuwait Airways in April 1959.[4][nb 3]

Kuwait Airways De Havilland DH.106 Comet 4C at London Heathrow Airport in 1964
A Kuwait Airways Trident at London Heathrow in 1974

On 8 August 1962,[5]: 210 Kuwait Airways became the first foreign customer to order theTridentwhen two aircraft of the type were acquired, and an option for a third was taken. The deal was valued at£5.5 million, and also included aComet 4C.At the same time, the carrier also had a £3 million order in place for threeBAC One-Elevens,with an option for a fourth.[12]: 221 The airline took delivery of the first Comet of its own in January 1963,[13][14]but Comet operations had started in July the previous year with an aircraft on lease fromMEA.[15]: 225 In August 1963, a second Comet was ordered.[16][17]The delivery of this second airframe established an unofficial record in early 1964 when it flew between London and Kuwait, a distance of 2,888 miles (4,648 km), at 461 miles per hour (742 km/h) on average.[18]On 1 June 1963, the government increased its participation in the airline to 100%.[19]In March 1964, the carrier added its first European destination to the route network when flights to London were inaugurated usingCometequipment; from that time, services between London and some points in the Middle East, includingAbadan,Bahrain,Beirut,Dhahran,Dohaand Kuwait, started being operated in a pool agreement between the carrier and BOAC and MEA.[20][21]A month later, the airline absorbedTrans Arabia Airways.[22]: 855 [23]

A Kuwait AirwaysBoeing 707-320Con the approach toLondon Heathrow Airportin 1978. Three aircraft of the type were ordered in November 1967.[24]

In April 1965, the route network had expanded to include Abadan,Baghdad,Bahrain, Beirut,Bombay,Cairo,Damascus,Doha,Frankfurt,Geneva,Jerusalem,Karachi,London, Paris andTehran.At this time, the fleet comprised two Comet 4Cs, threeDC-6Bs,twoTwin Pioneersand threeViscount 700s;the carrier had two Trident 1Es and threeOne-Elevenspending delivery.[19]The first Trident was handed over by the aircraft manufacturer in March 1966,[25]and the second followed in May the same year.[26]In the interim, a third aircraft of the type was ordered.[26]On the other hand, the One-Elevens were never delivered: in January 1966 the carrier stated that the simultaneous introduction of both types of aircraft was not possible due to a tightened budget, and postponed their delivery;[27]it was informed late that year that the airline would not take them.[28][nb 4]ThreeBoeing 707-320Cswere ordered in November 1967.[24]The carrier made its first profit ever in 1968, with anet incomeof £910,000.[30]

During 1972, Kuwait Airways' fifth consecutive profitable year, the airline had a net profit of £2.9 million. By May 1973, the fleet had reduced to five Boeing 707-320C aircraft.[30]That year, flights toColombowere launched.[31]In March 1975, Faisal Saud Al-Fulaij, who employed 1,800, was the corporation's chairman.[32]In a deal worthUS$14million, two additional ex-Pan AmericanBoeing 707-320Cs were subsequently purchased that year, with the first one entering the fleet in May.[33]The carrier ordered its firstBoeing 737that year, slated for delivery in February 1976.[34]Kuwait Airways became theBoeing 727s96th worldwide customer in 1979 when it ordered three of these aircraft for delivery in late 1980 and early 1981.[35]

A Kuwait AirwaysAirbus A310-300approachesPrague Ruzyne Airportin 2004

By July 1980, chairmanship was held by Ghassan Al-Nissef, the number of employees had grown to 5,400 and the fleet comprised eight Boeing 707-320Cs, oneBoeing 737-200,threeBoeing 747-200Bsand oneJetStar;threeBoeing 727-200swere pending delivery.[36]In mid-1980, sixAirbus A310-200swere ordered to replace the Boeing 707s on routes to Asia, Europe and the Middle East, with deliveries starting in 1983;[37]five more A310 aircraft were added to the order late that year.[38]

After India's air market was deregulated in 1992, Kuwait Airways andGulf Airparticipated in the formation ofJet Airways,each holding a 20% equity stake,[39]with a total investment estimated atUS$8million.[40]Following the enactment of a law that banned the investment of foreign carriers in domestic Indian operators, both airlines had to divest their shareholding in the Indian company.[41]Kuwait Airways' 20% stake in Jet Airways was sold to the chairmanNaresh GoyalforUS$4million.[42][43]

A Kuwait AirwaysAirbus A340-300takes off fromCharles de Gaulle Airportin 2014. The carrier received the first aircraft of the type in March 1995.[44]

In July 1996,[45]the carrier modified a previous order that includedBoeing 747aircraft,[46]and placed an order worthUS$280million for twoBoeing 777-200s,[45]with purchase rights for another aircraft of the type.[47]The operation made Kuwait Airways the 22nd customer of the type worldwide.[45]The airframer handed over the first Boeing 777-200 in early 1998.[48][49]In December 1998 a code-share agreement was signed withTrans World Airlinesto begin in the Spring of 1999.[50]

In October 2007, the new CEO pledged that the airline should be privatised to compete efficiently against other airlines. He says that the airline will encounter difficulty in advancing, especially in fleet renewal, without privatisation.[51]

Flights toIraqwere resumed in November 2013; Kuwait Airways had discontinued services to the country in 1990 following theinvasion of Kuwait.[52]After a 17-year hiatus, the carrier resumed flying toMunichin July 2015.[53][54]Also in July 2015, the airline restarted flights toIstanbul-Atatürk;the city had not been served for three years.[54]Bangalorewas added to the carrier'snetwork in October 2015.[55]

Airline's relationship with Israeli passengers

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Kuwait Airways was accused of discriminating against holders of Israeli passports, for refusing in 2013 and 2014 to sell tickets fromNew YorktoLondonto people holding Israeli passports.[56][57]In response, SenatorRichard Blumenthal,along with five other senators, wrote a letter toTransportation SecretaryAnthony Foxxin May 2015 urging him to investigate the allegations. In October 2015, at the conclusion of an investigation, the Department of Transportation issued Kuwait Airways an order to "cease and desistfrom refusing to transport Israeli citizens between the U.S. and any third country where they are allowed to disembark "[58]In the letter, the DOT also accused Kuwait Airways of following theArab League boycott of Israel.[59]Additionally, New York City CouncilmemberRory Lancmanasked thePort Authority of New York and New Jersey,which operates JFK Airport, to "terminate the airline's lease if it doesn't immediately change its policy."[60]For its part, the airline said that it complies with Kuwaiti Law which prohibits the company from entering "into an agreement, personally or indirectly, with entities or persons residing in Israel, or with Israeli citizenship."[61]The airline also petitioned theFederal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbiato review the dispute.[62]

The matter was settled on 15 December 2015, when Kuwait Airways informed the United States Department of Transportation that it would eliminate service between JFK and London Heathrow, withThe Daily Telegraphreporting that tickets for the route were no longer being sold effective the following week. Councilmember Lancman responded by saying "If you're soanti-Semiticthat you would rather cancel a flight than provide service to Israeli passport holders, then good riddance. "[63][64]

A similar lawsuit was filed in 2017 by theLawfare Projectagainst the airline for refusing to allow Israelis on a flight from Frankfurt to Bangkok with a layover in Kuwait. Unlike the case of the New York to London route, in this lawsuit, the German court upheld the right of the airline to refuse passengers with Israeli passports to layover in Kuwait.[65][66]

Corporate affairs and identity

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Ownership

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Kuwait Airways is wholly owned by thegovernment of Kuwait,as of August 2023.[67]

Privatisation plans

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Privatisation started being considered in the mid-1990s, in a period that followed theGulf Warwhen the carrier experienced a heavy loss on its assets.[68]The company was turned into a corporation in 2004.[69]A draft decree for its privatisation was approved by the government on 21 July 2008. Plans were to sell up to 35% of the stake to a long-term investor and another 40% allotted to the public, whereas the government would hold the remaining 25%. These plans also contemplated the exclusion of domestic carrier competitors, such asJazeera Airways,as potential bidders. Furthermore, the government also committed to keeping the workforce invariant for at least five years and those who were not to be retained would be offered the opportunity to be transferred to other government dependencies without altering their salaries and holding similar working conditions.[68]

In 2011, the privatisation committee valued the carrier atUS$805million, following advice by theCitigroup,Ernst & Youngand Seabury.[70]The process was expected to be concluded by March 2011.[71]However, in October that year the committee recommended the airline to go through a reorganisation process before continuing with the privatisation programme,[72]something that was approved by Kuwait'sCouncil of Ministers.[70]The privatisation draft was amended[73][74]and the government signed a contract with theInternational Air Transport Associationfor the provision of consultation expertise.[75]The law for the privatisation of Kuwait Airways Corporation was passed in January 2013.[76]

Key people

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As of November 2023,Abdulmohsen Salem Alfagaan holds the position aschairman.[77]

Headquarters

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The Kuwait Airways headquarters is located on the grounds ofKuwait International AirportinAl Farwaniyah Governorate,Kuwait. The 42,000 square metres (450,000 sq ft) head office was built for 15.8 millionKuwaiti dinars(US $53.6 million). Ahmadiah Contracting & Trading Co. served as the main contractor. The headquarter was constructed from 1992 to 1996. The construction of the head office was the first time that structural glazing for curtain walls was used in the State of Kuwait.[78]The previous headquarters was on the grounds of the airport.[79]

Subsidiaries and alliances

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Kuwait Airways has several subsidiaries that are going through a similar privatization process as KAC.

Kuwait Airways also went into alliances with several airlines to keep up with demand and to continue its operations during the 1990 War.

Livery

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The airline revamped its livery in October 2016, updating the stylised bird logo.[80][81][82]

Destinations

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Main article:List of Kuwait Airways destinations

Kuwait Airways is based atKuwait International Airport;the airline flies 65 routes that serve 63 destinations, as of August 2023.[67]

Codeshare agreements

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Kuwait Airways hascodeshare agreementswith the following airlines:[83][84]

Interline agreements

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Kuwait Airways hasinterline agreementswith the following airlines:[83]

Fleet

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Kuwait AirwaysAirbus A320neo
Kuwait AirwaysAirbus A330-800
Kuwait AirwaysBoeing 777-300ER

Current fleet

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As of February 2023,the Kuwait Airways fleet includes the following aircraft:[90][91]

Kuwait Airways fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
F C W Y Total
Airbus A320-200 8 — — 20 — 110 130
Airbus A320neo 7 1 — 12 — 122 134 [77]
Airbus A321LR — 3 TBA 169 [77][92]
Airbus A321neo — 6 TBA 169 [77][92]
Airbus A330-800 4 — — 32 — 203 235 Launch customer.[93]
Airbus A330-900 — 7 TBA 291 [77][92]
Airbus A350-900 — 2 TBA 326 [77][92]
Boeing 777-300ER 10 — 8 36 54 236 334[94]
Total 34 19

Government aircraft

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Kuwait Airways operates aircraft for officialStatebusiness. The fleet has a Kuwait Airways inspired livery with State of Kuwait titles, and is composed of one Airbus A300-600, one A310-300, one A319, one A320, two A340-500 and one Boeing 747-8BBJ.[citation needed]

Former fleet

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Aircraft[95] Total Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A300B4 1 1983 1983 Leased fromHapag-Lloyd Flug
1 1991 1992 Leased fromEgyptAir
Airbus A300-600R 8 1984 2015
Airbus A310-200 8 1983 1990
Airbus A310-300 8 1991 2015
Airbus A330-200 5 2015 2024 [96]
Airbus A340-300 4 1995 2017
Boeing 707-320 5 1975 1978 Leased fromBritish European Airways
Boeing 707-320C 3 1977 1977 Leased fromBritish European AirwaysandBritish Midland Airlines
10 1968 1985
6 1991 1992 Leased fromTrans Mediterranean Airways
Boeing 727-200 4 1980 1994
Boeing 737-200 1 1976 1980
Boeing 747-200M 4 1978 2008
Boeing 747-400M 1 1994 2019
Boeing 767-200ER 2 1986 1991 Destroyed by bombing in February 1991
1 1994 1995
Boeing 777-200ER 2 1998 2017
De Havilland Comet 3 1963 1969 One leased fromBOAC
Douglas C-47B Skytrain 2 1952 1970
Douglas DC-6B 1 1964 1968
Douglas DC-8-32 1 1974 1976
Douglas DC-8-62F 3 1997 1999 Cargo Aircraft
Hawker Siddeley Trident 4 1965 1972
Lockheed L-1011-200 TriStar 1 1992 1994 Leased fromBritish Airways
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 1 1992 1993 Leased fromBritish Airways
Vickers Viscount 10 1958 1967

Fleet development

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In October 2013, Kuwait Airways had one of the oldest aircraft fleets in the Middle East, with an average age of 20 years.[97]That month, the carrier opened itsmaintenancefacilities to the press for them to check that the fleet was kept in condition,[98]amid rumours of deficiencies in their maintenance.[99]In December the same year, the carrier signed amemorandum of understandingwithAirbusfor the acquisition of 15A320neosand tenA350-900s.[100][101][102]These aircraft would be handed over between 2019 and 2022.[103]For the interim period, the deal includes the lease of sevenA320sand fiveA330-200sfrom the aircraft manufacturer;[104]deliveries would start in late 2014.[103]In a deal valued atUS$4.4billion,[105]the order including ten A350-900s and 15 A320neos was confirmed in February 2014.[106][107]Kuwait Airways' intentions to purchase tenBoeing 777-300ERswere informed in November 2014.[108][109]The order was firmed up a month later forUS$3.3billion[110][111][112]with deliveries expected to start in November 2016.[113]Also in December 2014, Kuwait Airways took delivery of its first sharketled Airbus A320 as part of the airline'sfleet renewal programme.[114]By March 2015Kuwait Airways received four leased aircraft of the type, marking the first fleet upgrade in 17 years.[115][116]The carrier became a new customer for the Airbus A330 when it received the first aircraft of the type in June 2015.[117][118]

Following the airline's rebranding initiative in October 2016, Kuwait Airways received its first Boeing 777-300ER in December 2016, marking the arrival of the airline's first fully owned new aircraft in nearly twenty years.[81][82]Introduced in 1995,[44]theAirbus A340-300was retired from service by the airline in 2017.[119]In October 2018, Kuwait Airways amended a pre-existing commitment with Airbus for 10A350-900sby reducing it to five of these aircraft and ordered eightAirbus A330-800s,which were scheduled to be delivered from March 2019.[3][120]The first twoAirbus A330-800swere handed over to the airline by the aircraft manufacturer in October 2020.[121]

In August 2019, Kuwait Airways Chairman Yousef A. M. J. Alsaqer stated that the airline plans to spend $2.5 billion on new aircraft due to be delivered by 2026.[122]

Awards

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Kuwait Airways was named the World's Most Improved Airline for 2023 bySkyTrax.[123][124]

Services

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Kuwait Airways offers Royal Class and First Class passengers the option to check-in at the comfort of their home in where a limousine and an airline crew member will check-in the passengers, collect the luggage, and issue boarding passes at home. A car service to drive passengers to the airport is also provided upon request. This service is only offered while outbound from Kuwait International Airport.[125]Kuwait Airways is one of the few airlines which does not servealcoholic drinkson its flights.[126]

Incidents and accidents

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  • On 30 June 1966, Kuwait Airways Flight 032, aTrident 1Cflight from Beirut to Kuwait City, suffered a controlled flight into the ground four kilometres short of the runway. There were no fatalities and the Trident waswritten off.[127]
  • On 3 December 1984,Kuwait Airways Flight 221from Kuwait City to Karachi, Pakistan, was hijacked by four Lebanese Shi'a hijackers and diverted to Tehran.[128]
  • On 5 April 1988,Kuwait Airways Flight 422was hijacked from Bangkok to Kuwait with 111 passengers and crew aboard, with three members of the Kuwaiti Royal Family being among the passengers. Six or seven Lebanese men, includingHassan Izz-Al-Din,a veteran of theTWA 847hijacking armed with guns and hand grenades forced the pilot to land in Mashhad, Iran and demanded the release of 17 Shi'ite Muslim prisoners being held by Kuwait. Lasting 16 days and travelling 3,200 miles (5,100 km) from Mashhad in northeastern Iran to Larnaca, Cyprus, and finally to Algiers, it is the longest skyjacking to date. Two passengers, Abdullah Khalidi, 25, and Khalid Ayoub Bandar, 20, both Kuwaitis, were shot to death by the hijackers and dumped on the tarmac in Cyprus. Kuwait did not release the 17 prisoners, and the hijackers were allowed to leave Algiers.[129]
  • In August 1990, in connection with the Iraqiinvasion of Kuwait,several Kuwait Airways planes were reported to have been seized and removed by Iraqi troops.[130]
  • On 6 May 2019, Anand Ramachandran, an Indian technician working for Kuwait Airways, was killed while he was towing aBoeing 777-300ER.Nobody was on board.[131]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Also mentioned to have been formed in March 1954.[4]
  2. ^Renaming has also been reported to have taken place in March 1957.[4]
  3. ^Also reported to have been taken over by Kuwait Airways in September the same year.[8]
  4. ^These aircraft were leased toBritish Eagle.[29]: 812 

References

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  2. ^"Kuwait Airways Corporation info".Encyclopedia.Retrieved16 March2023.
  3. ^abFlottau, Jens (15 October 2018)."Kuwait Airways orders eight widebody Airbus A330-800s".Air Transport World.Archived fromthe originalon 29 October 2018.
  4. ^abcde"World airline directory – Kuwait Airways".Flight International.155(4670): 84. 31 March – 6 April 1999. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2014.
  5. ^abc
  6. ^ab"World Airline Directory – Kuwait Airways, Ltd".Flight.73(2569): 539. 18 April 1958. Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2014.
  7. ^"B.O.A.C. in the Middle East".Flight.73(2561): 255. 21 January 1958. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2014.
  8. ^ab"World airline survey – Kuwait Airways Corporation".Flight International.103(3341): 459. 22 March 1973. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2014.
  9. ^"World airline directory – Kuwait National Airways".Flight.67(2407): 306. 11 March 1955. Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2013.
  10. ^"Civil aviation – Brevities".Flight.68(2426): 138. 22 July 1955. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2014.Kuwait National Airways announce a change of name, effective from July 1, to Kuwait Airways.
  11. ^"Brevities".Flight.73(2577): 820. 13 June 1958. Archived fromthe originalon 11 August 2013.Under a new five-year agreement, B.O.A.C. will be responsible for management and operation of Kuwait Airways.
  12. ^
  13. ^"Air Commerce".Flight International.83(2812): 153. 31 January 1963. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2014.Kuwait Airways' first de Havilland Comet 4C took off from Hatfield [sic] on 18 January for Beirut, which it reached in 4hr 34min, an average speed of 490 m.p.h.
  14. ^"Air Commerce".Flight International.83(2810): 73. 17 January 1963. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2014.At Hatfield [sic] on 9 January Sir Aubrey Burke (right), chairman of the de Havilland Aircraft Co, handed over the log book of Kuwait Airways' Comet 4C to the airline's chairman, Mr Nisf Al Yusaf Al Nisf.
  15. ^
  16. ^"Air commerce".Flight International.84(2841): 275. 22 August 1963. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2014.On August 12 at the Kuwait Embassy in London Mr Abdussalam Shuaib, chairman of Kuwait Airways, signed a contract with Hawker Siddeley Aviation for a second Comet 4C.
  17. ^"Air commerce—And Another for Kuwait".Flight International.84(2840): 227. 15 August 1963. Archived fromthe originalon 12 August 2013.A second Comet 4C has been ordered by Kuwait Airways, for delivery early in 1964.
  18. ^"Air commerce".Flight International.85(2866): 236. 13 February 1964. Archived fromthe originalon 13 May 2014.Kuwait Airways' second Hawker Siddeley Comet 4C recently established, subject to official confirmation, a point-to-point record between London and Kuwait. The official time for the 2,888 mile delivery flight was 6hr 25sec—an average of 461 m.p.h.
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  20. ^"Air commerce".Flight International.85(2871): 446. 19 March 1964.Kuwait Airways' general manager, Mr Abdel Rahman el Mishri, disembarking from the Comet which inaugurated his company's new London service on March 2.
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  22. ^
  23. ^"Air commerce".Flight International.85(2878): 747. 7 May 1964. Archived fromthe originalon 24 December 2013.Kuwait Airways have bought Trans Arabian Airways, the Beirut-based Kuwaiti company which operates three DC-6Bs.
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  29. ^
  30. ^ab"Air transport".Flight International.103(3347): 668. 3 May 1973. Archived fromthe originalon 1 February 2014.Kuwait Airways made a profit in 1972 for the fifth consecutive year. The carrier, which operates five Boeing 707-320Cs on services radiating from Kuwait as far as London to the west and Bombay to the east, had a net income of KD2.1 million (£2.9 million). Net income in 1968, the first profitable year for the airline, was £910,000.
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  33. ^"Airliner market".Flight International.108(3468): 279. 28 August 1975. Archived fromthe originalon 1 February 2014.The second of two Boeing 707-320Cs sold by Pan American to Kuwait Airways Corporation will be delivered on September 9. The first was delivered in May. Total cost of both aircraft with spares was over $14 million.
  34. ^"Airliner market".Flight International.107(3452): 725. 8 May 1975.Archivedfrom the original on 1 February 2014.Boeing has announced three new orders: Kuwait Airways andNordairof Montreal have each ordered one 737, Kuwait's first and Nordair'sfifth, for delivery in February 1976 and November respectively
  35. ^"Airliner market".Flight International.116(3674): 873. 15 September 1979. Archived fromthe originalon 1 February 2014.Kuwait Airways has ordered three Boeing Advanced 727s for delivery in late 1980 and early 1981. The airline becomes Boeing's 96th 727 customer. Its aircraft will be laid out with 126 tourist seats and 16 first-class, and will feature dual INS and full flight regime autothrottles.
  36. ^"World airline directory – Kuwait Airways".Flight International.118(3716): 324. 26 July 1980.ISSN0015-3710.Archived fromthe originalon 6 October 2013.
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