Wikipedia

LMP – Hungary's Green Party

Not to be confused withDialogue – The Greens' Party.

LMP – Hungary's Green Party(Hungarian:LMP – Magyarország Zöld Pártja[ˈɛlɛmpeːˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡˈzøldˈpaːrcɒ]) previously known asPolitics Can Be Different(Hungarian:Lehet Más a Politika[ˈlɛhɛtˈmaːʃˈɒːˈpolitikɒ],LMP) until 2020, is agreen-liberal[7][8][9]political party in Hungary.Founded in 2009, it was one of four parties to win seats in theNational Assemblyin the2010 parliamentary election.It is a member of theGlobal Greens,and suspended member of theEuropean Green Party.

LMP – Hungary's Green Party
LMP – Magyarország Zöld Pártja
AbbreviationLMP
Co-PresidentsPéter Ungár
Katalin Szabó-Kellner
Parliamentary leaderPéter Ungár
Founded26 February 2009
Headquarters1136 Budapest, Hegedűs Gyula u. 36.
Youth wingThe Future Can Be Different[1]
IdeologyGreen liberalism[4]
Syncretic politics[5]
Political positionCentretocentre-left
European affiliationEuropean Green Party(suspended since March 2024)[6]
International affiliationGlobal Greens
ColoursGreen
National Assembly
3 / 199
European Parliament
0 / 21
County Assemblies
0 / 381
General Assembly of Budapest
1 / 33
Website
lehetmas.hu

History

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Former logo

Foundation and electoral success

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The party was preceded by a non-governmental organization social initiative founded in 2008, with the purpose of reformingHungarian politics.[10]LMP shares common ideologies with mostgreen parties.Key issues are environmental protection,sustainable developmentand the fight against corruption in the current political elite. LMP highlights what they see as the pointlessness of the current partisan division between theleftand right-wing forces, and their principle isdeliberative democracy,which they believe decreases the distance between the people and the political elite.

The public faces of the organization wereAndrás Schiffer,a former member of the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (HCLU) andVédegylet,andBernadett Szél,an economist and NGO worker at the party's formation. The leading figures also includedBenedek Jávor,university professor in environmental law and a founder of Védegylet,Gábor Scheiring,an economist, andTímea Szabó,a humanitarian worker, who was to head the list presented for the2009 European Parliament elections.In 2009, LMP received the official endorsement of the European Green Party.[11]

At the2009 European Parliament electionsthe party garnered 75,522 votes, (or 2.61% of the total votes), which was less than the 5% needed to gain a seat for the 2009–2014 cycle, though beating the 2.16% received byAlliance of Free Democrats(SZDSZ), one of the parties already in the national parliament.[12]

In the2010 parliamentary elections,the party achieved 7.48% in the first electoral round, thereby clearing the 5 percent electoral threshold, gaining 16 seats in the parliament, though it did not obtain any direct-representational seats.[13]In the local elections of 3 October 2010, LMP gained 54 seats in local city councils, with at least one representative in most of the district councils of the capital, three seats in the General Assembly of Budapest, as well as in a few other cities around the country.Gábor Ivádywas the only party member to be elected mayor of a town; however he left LMP on 21 October 2010.[14]

Since its establishment and 2010 national election, LMP was kept under pressure by theHungarian Socialist Party(MSZP) to achieve some kind of electoral compromise and cooperation againstViktor Orbán's controversial government. For instance, during the by-election in the 2nd District of Budapest in 2011, MSZP urged the LMP's candidateGergely Karácsonyto withdraw inKatalin Lévai's favor, but the Green party did not do this.[15]The leadership of the LMP positioned the party to thecentre,and, as a newcomer, rejected both Fidesz and MSZP's politics. András Schiffer also criticized the previous Socialist cabinets, blamingFerenc Gyurcsány's disastrous governance for having Fidesz won a two-thirds majority in 2010.[16]However prominent politicians in LMP were divided on the issue of cooperation. In July 2011, Karácsony proposed an election coalition betweenJobbik,LMP and MSZP, to change certain laws enacted by Fidesz. He citedÉva Tétényi's case, as a precedent of how such a proposal could work.[17]Politics Can Be Different became a full member of theEuropean Green Party(EGP) in November 2011.[18]

Party split

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During the party's congress in November 2012, LMP decided not to joinTogether 2014,the planned electoral alliance of opposition parties and movements led byGordon Bajnai.As a result,Benedek Jávor,a proponent of the agreement, resigned from his position of parliamentary group leader.[19]Jávor and his supporters (includingTímea SzabóandGergely Karácsony) founded a platform within the party, called "Dialogue for Hungary" on 26 November 2012. The platform argued in favour of conclusion of an electoral agreement with Bajnai's movement to replace "Orbán's regime".[20]Later that daySchiffer,who did not support the cooperation with Bajnai, was elected leader of the LMP parliamentary group for second time.[21]

In January 2013, the LMP's congress rejected again the electoral cooperation with other opposition parties, including Together 2014.[22]As a result, members of the party's "Dialogue for Hungary" platform left LMP to form a new political organization. Benedek Jávor announced the eight leaving MPs will not resign from their parliamentary seats. Seven parliamentarians remained in the party, Jávor said negotiations are required for the continued operation of the parliamentary group, according to the house rules, which requires 12 seats. Schiffer did not call the secession as a party split, because, he argued, less than 10% of the LMP's membership decided to leave the party and joined Jávor's new initiative.[23]The leaving MPs establishedDialogue for Hungaryas an officially registered party in March 2013.[24]After the failed negotiations, the eight MPs also left the parliamentary group which then broken up according to the house rules of the National Assembly.[25]

Recovery

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The4K! – Fourth Republic!party offered electoral alliance to the LMP. Party leader András Istvánffy called the developments that took place in opposition as "a cleansing process, which will separate those who seek to restore pre-2010 conditions and those who want real regime change."[26]However LMP refused the 4K! party's cooperation offer in September 2013.[27]

Schiffer andBernadett Szélwere elected co-presidents of the LMP during the party's congress on 24 March 2013.[28]The seven MPs of the party were able to re-establish the LMP's caucus on 1 September 2013, after the decision of the Committee on Immunity, Incompatibility and Mandate. The old-new group became the first caucus, where the majority were women, for the first time in Hungary.[29]

Politics Can Be Different received five seats, as it barely jumped over the 5% threshold in the2014 parliamentary election.[30]The party reached the same result in the2014 European Parliament election,when it received 5.04% of the votes and sent one representative to theEuropean Parliament.MEPTamás MeszericsjoinedThe Greens–European Free Alliance(Greens/EFA).[31]In August 2014, LMP and 4K! agreed to a cooperation in some electoral districts in Budapest during the2014 local elections.[32]The candidate for Budapest mayor, Antal Csárdi, took just fourth place afterIstván Tarlós,Lajos BokrosandGábor Staudt.The party collected fewer votes with 50,000 than results of four years ago in the whole country. Virtually LMP remained a metropolitan organization, with only an insignificant representation in the countryside.[33]In a different point of view, LMP largely regained the positions, which had been lost during the party split in early 2013, for instance, then all three representatives in the General Assembly of Budapest joined Dialogue for Hungary.[34]

On 18 July 2015, Schiffer and Szél were re-elected co-presidents of the party. Ákos Hadházy, a formerFideszmember, who revealed the government's tobacco shop corruption scandal, was also elected to the LMP's leadership.[35]The party's most well-known politician, Schiffer announced his retirement from politics on 31 May 2016.[36]After the resignation ofErzsébet Schmuck,Szél was elected leader of the LMP parliamentary group on 16 February 2017.[37]In September 2017, Bernadett Szél was nominated the party's candidate to the position of prime minister for theupcoming parliamentary election.[38]In the same month, formersocialistMPMárta Demeterjoined the LMP's parliamentary group, but she is not member of the party.[39]During that time, Bernadett Szél was nominated the party's candidate to the position of prime minister for theupcoming parliamentary election.[40]In December 2017, Bernadett Szél andGyörgy Gémesiagreed, that the Politics Can Be Different and theNew Startran together in the 2018 Hungarian parliamentary election.[41]

Another decline and cooperation with other opposition parties

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In these parliamentary election, LMP won 7.06 per cent of the votes and returned 8 members in the parliament (including one single-member constituency in Budapest). After these elections, internal conflicts led to resignation of Bernadett Szél as party's co-chair. Party's support also declined. For example, the party in2019 European Parliament electionachieved almost identical results as in 2009.

In 2020, the changed its name to theLMP – Hungary's Green Party.

During the2022 parliamentary election,the LMP was a member of theUnited for Hungary,a broad coalition of parties seeking to oust the Orbán government, winning 7.0% of the vote and 8 seats.

In March 2024, theEuropean Green Partyformally suspended LMP’s membership due to its support of a Fidesz-linked candidateDávid Vitézyfor mayor of Budapest.[42]

Ideology and platform

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The party's political position has been widely described ascentrist[43]andcentre-left.[44]Other sources describe LMP and their voters as "hard to evaluate",[45]populist,[46]and inclusive ofcentre-rightelements.[47]The party has been described as combining someliberalandconservativepositions and support, with the party taking a lessprogressiveposition following the split ofDialogue for Hungary.[48]

Co-leaders

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Term Male co-chair Female co-chair
2013–2016 András Schiffer Bernadett Szél
2016–2018 Ákos Hadházy
2018–2019 László Lóránt Keresztes Márta Demeter
2019–2020 János Kendernay Erzsébet Schmuck
2020–2022 Máté Kanász-Nagy
2022–2024 Péter Ungár
2024– Katalin Szabó-Kellner

Election results

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National Assembly

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Election Leader SMCs MMCs Seats +/– Status
Votes % Votes %
2010 András Schiffer
Bernadett Szél 		259,220 5.07% (#4) 383,876 7.48% (#4)
16 / 386
 New Opposition
Election Leader Constituency Party list Seats +/– Status
Votes % Votes %
2014 András Schiffer
Bernadett Szél 		244,191 4.97% (#4) 269,414 5.34% (#4)
5 / 199
 11 Opposition
2018 Ákos Hadházy
Bernadett Szél 		312,731 5.68% (#5) 404,429 7.06% (#4)
8 / 199
 3 Opposition
2022[a] Máté Kanász-Nagy
Erzsébet Schmuck 		1,983,708 36.90% (#2) 1,947,331 34.44% (#2)
5 / 199
 3 Opposition
  1. ^Run withinUnited for Hungarycoalition.

European Parliament

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Election List leader Votes % Seats +/− EP Group
2009[a] Tímea Szabó 75,522 2.61 (#5)
0 / 22
 New −
2014 Tamás Meszerics 116,904 5.04 (#6)
1 / 21
 1 Greens/EFA
2019 Gábor Vágó 75,498 2.18 (#8)
0 / 21
 1 −
2024 Péter Ungár 39,646 0.87 (#8)
0 / 21
 0
  1. ^Run in a joint list withHP.

See also

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Footnotes

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  1. ^"Lehet Más a Jövő – Megalakult az LMP ifjúsági szervezete".21 December 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 27 May 2018.Retrieved19 September2017.
  2. ^"Parlamentswahl in Ungarn".Faz.net.8 April 2018.Retrieved17 June2020.
  3. ^Karel Vodička, Günther Heydemann (2013).Vom Ostblock zur EU: Systemtransformationen 1990–2012 im Vergleich.Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.ISBN9783647369600.
  4. ^[2][3]
  5. ^Elek, István (15 January 2014)."Igen, a remény hal meg utoljára".hvg.hu.
  6. ^"European Green Party supports Budapest mayor Gergely Karácsony".European Green Party.25 March 2024.Retrieved14 April2024.
  7. ^Wayne C. Thompson (2018).Nordic, Central and Southeastern Europe 2018-2019.Rowman & Littlefield. p. 411.ISBN978-1-47584-152-7.
  8. ^Igor Guardiancich (2012).Pension Reforms in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe: From Post-Socialist Transition to the Global Financial Crisis.Routledge. p. 94.ISBN978-1-136-22595-6.
  9. ^Jan-Henrik Meyer-Sahling; Krisztina Jáger (2012)."Party Patronage in Hungary: Capturing the State".In Petr Kopecký; Peter Mair; Maria Spirova (eds.).Party Patronage and Party Government in European Democracies.Oxford University Press. p. 165.ISBN978-0-19-959937-0.
  10. ^"LMP to garner protest votes".The Budapest Sun.28 October 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 11 June 2009.Retrieved2 February2009.
  11. ^Press Release: European Greens Support European Election Campaigns of LMP in Hungary and Zelenite in Bulgaria (EGP News)
  12. ^"The detailed results of the European Parliamentary elections".7 June 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 23 August 2009.Retrieved30 June2010.
  13. ^"Index – Belföld – Választás – Eredmények".Retrieved14 February2015.
  14. ^Otthagyja a pártot az LMP egyetlen polgármestereArchived23 October 2010 at theWayback MachineHírszerző, 2010. október 20.
  15. ^"Fidesz candidate cruises to victory in closely-watched Budapest by-election".Politics.hu. 15 November 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 10 June 2017.Retrieved4 January2012.
  16. ^"Schiffer nem csókolózott Mesterházyval"(in Hungarian).Index.25 November 2011.Retrieved15 October2014.
  17. ^Szalay Tamás Lajos (12 July 2011)."Belföld: 'Saját fegyverével kell felszámolni a Fidesz rendszerét'".NOL.hu.Retrieved14 February2015.
  18. ^"Az Európai Zöld Párt teljes jogú tagja lett az LMP"(in Hungarian). Origo. 13 November 2011.Retrieved15 October2014.
  19. ^"Beintett Bajnainak az LMP, lemondott Jávor Benedek".18 November 2012.Retrieved18 November2012.
  20. ^"LMP fails to elect new parliamentary group leader as split in party continues".26 November 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 16 January 2013.Retrieved27 November2012.
  21. ^"Ismét Schiffer András az LMP-frakció vezetője".26 November 2012.Retrieved27 November2012.
  22. ^"LMP rejects proposals for new strategy at party congress".27 January 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2013.Retrieved8 February2013.
  23. ^"LMP splits over cooperation with Together 2014; caucus may remain intact".28 January 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 2 February 2014.Retrieved8 February2013.
  24. ^"LMP rebels to establish Dialogue for Hungary as a full-fledged party".4 February 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2013.Retrieved8 February2013.
  25. ^"Eight breakaway LMP lawmakers to sit as independents".11 February 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 12 September 2014.Retrieved8 February2013.
  26. ^"Small party 4K! seeks alliance with LMP for" regime change "".7 February 2013.Retrieved8 February2013.
  27. ^"A 4K! önállóan indul a jövő évi választásokon".29 September 2013.Retrieved26 May2014.
  28. ^"Szél Bernadett és Schiffer András az LMP két társelnöke"(in Hungarian).Index.24 March 2013.Retrieved24 March2013.
  29. ^"LMP parliamentary group first with female majority in Hungary's history, says leader".6 September 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 2 February 2014.Retrieved8 February2013.
  30. ^"Fidesz wins Hungarian parliamentary election by a landslide".7 April 2014.Retrieved6 April2014.
  31. ^"Kezdődik az MSZP végjátéka".26 May 2014.Retrieved27 May2014.
  32. ^"Kiteljesedik egy régi liezon, összejön az LMP és a 4K!".4 August 2014.Retrieved15 October2014.
  33. ^"Megmaradt a Fidesz egyeduralma".13 October 2014.Retrieved15 October2014.
  34. ^"Valamit brutálisan elszámolt a baloldal".13 October 2014.Retrieved15 October2014.
  35. ^"A csalódott fideszesekre építene az LMP".18 July 2015.Retrieved18 July2015.
  36. ^"Schiffer András kiszáll a politikából, visszaadja a mandátumát".Heti Világgazdaság(in Hungarian). 31 May 2016.Retrieved31 May2016.
  37. ^"Szél Bernadett lett az LMP frakcióvezetője"(in Hungarian).Index.30 January 2017.Retrieved4 April2017.
  38. ^"Megvan az LMP miniszterelnök-jelöltje"(in Hungarian).Index.Retrieved5 September2017.
  39. ^"Demeter Márta az LMP frakciójában folytatja".Alfahír.1 September 2017.Retrieved1 September2017.
  40. ^"Megvan az LMP miniszterelnök-jelöltje"(in Hungarian).Index.Retrieved5 September2017.
  41. ^Zrt., HVG Kiadó (2 December 2017)."Összeállt az LMP és az Új Kezdet".hvg.hu(in Hungarian).Retrieved2 December2017.
  42. ^"European Green Party supports Budapest mayor Gergely Karácsony".25 March 2024.
  43. ^
  44. ^
  45. ^Tamás Scheibner (2012)."Ungarn und die Europäische Union: Vom" Musterknaben "zum" Krisenfall "?".OST-WEST. Europäische Perspektiven.Retrieved3 May2023.
  46. ^Paul Stanley (2017)."Populism in Central and Eastern Europe".InCristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser;Paul A. Taggart; Paulina Ochoa Espejo; Pierre Ostiguy (eds.).The Oxford Handbook of Populism.Oxford University Press. p. 151.ISBN978-0-198-80356-0.
  47. ^Balsa Lubarda (26 November 2019)."'Homeland farming' or 'rural emancipation'? The discursive overlap between populist and green parties in Hungary ".Sociologia Ruralis.60(4):810–832.doi:10.1111/soru.12289.hdl:20.500.14018/13925.
  48. ^Sarah Engler (2023).Centrist Anti-Establishment Parties and Their Struggle for Survival.Oxford University Press. p. 131.ISBN978-0-192-87319-4.
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