Legend of the Galactic Heroes(Japanese:Ngân hà anh hùng vân nói,Hepburn:Ginga Eiyū Densetsu),sometimes abbreviated asLOTGH,LOGH,LGHorGin'eiden(Bạc anh vân)in Japanese (and also depicted asHeldensagen vom Kosmosinselin the anime intro), is a series ofepicscience fictionnovelswritten byYoshiki Tanaka.In humanity's distant future, two interstellar states – themonarchicGalactic Empireand thedemocraticFree Planets Alliance – are embroiled in anever-ending war.The story focuses on the exploits of rivalsReinhard von LohengrammandYang Wen-li,as they rise to power and fame in the Galactic Empire and the Free Planets Alliance, respectively.
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 Cover of the original novel ofLegend of the Galactic Heroesvolume 1, first edition (Tokuma Novels, 1982) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Written by | Yoshiki Tanaka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Published by | Tokuma Shoten | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Original run | November 30, 1982–November 15, 1987 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Written by | Yoshiki Tanaka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Original run | September 1, 1984–July 31, 1989 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ananimeadaptation of the novels, produced byKitty Films,ran from 1988 to 1997. There is also amangabased on the novels, with art byKatsumi Michihara.In addition, there are several video game adaptations, with the most recent release in 2008 being areal-time strategygame. The series did not receive an official English release until 2015, when North American anime and manga distributorViz Mediaannounced they had acquired the license to the novels. On the same day, North Americananime licensorSentai Filmworksannounced their license to the anime; the anime was later released onHidivein 2017. A new anime adaptation byProduction I.Gis being released since 2018.
Setting
editIn AD 2801, the Galactic Federation is formed, resulting in political power moving away from the planet Earth (now named Terra) and the Space Era calendar replacing theGregorian calendar,with 2801 AD now being SE 1.[5]: 9 Rudolf von Goldenbaum, an ex-admiral turned dictatorial politician, is elected to power. After declaring himself Emperor Rudolf I,absolute monarchof the renamed Galactic Empire, he restarts the calendar again, beginning the Imperial Calendar on SE 310/AD 3110. His regime adopts extremist policies, including the suppression of any opposition and the extermination of anyone perceived too weak (such as the disabled and the poor), which is carried out until his death in IC 42/SE 351/AD 3151.[5]: 14–17 He also moves the capital of the Empire to the planet Odin, the third planet in the Valhalla system.[5]: 25
In IC 164/SE 473/AD 3273, a group of serfs in the Altair star system manage to escape captivity and make "the Long March of 10,000 Light-Years" into theSagittarius Armto escape the Galactic Empire, located within theOrion Arm.These people set up the Free Planets Alliance, a democratic republic which uses the Space Era calendar, founding the Alliance in SE 527/IC 218/AD 3327 on the planet Heinessen. In SE 640/IC 331/AD 3440, the first battle between the Empire and Alliance occurs, resulting in a major Alliance victory. The two realms have been at war ever since.[5]: 19–31
A third realm is also set up, the Dominion of Phezzan, a planet-state (city-stateon a galactic scale) with connections to Terra. It technically remains a part of the Empire and pays tribute, but also maintains a relationship with the Alliance. Ruled by a domain lord called the "landsherr",Phezzan gains power by acting as both paragon and trickster, providing the only link between the Empire and Alliance, while simultaneously playing the two sides against one another.[5]: 23
Plot
editThe story is staged in the distant future within our ownMilky Way Galaxy,starting in SE 796/IC 487/AD 3596.[5]: 26 A portion of the galaxy is filled withterraformedworlds, inhabited byinterstellar travelinghuman beings. For 150 years, two mighty space powers have intermittently warred with each other: the Galactic Empire and the Free Planets Alliance.
Within the Galactic Empire, based on mid-19th-centuryPrussia,an ambitious military genius,Reinhard von Müsel,later conferred the nameReinhard von Lohengramm,is rising to power. He is driven by the desire to free his sister Annerose, who was taken by the Kaiser as aconcubine.Later, he wants not only to end the corrupt Goldenbaum dynasty, but also to defeat the Free Planets Alliance and unify the whole galaxy under his rule.
In the Free Planets Alliance Star Fleet is another genius,Yang Wen-li.He originally aspired to become a historian through a military academy, and joined the tactical division only out of need for tuition money. He was rapidly promoted to commodore because he demonstrated excellence in military strategy in a number of decisive battles and conflicts. He becomes the arch-rival of Reinhard, though they highly respect one another. Unlike Reinhard, he is better known for his underdog victories and accomplishments in overcoming seemingly impossible odds and mitigating collateral damages and casualties due to military operations.
As a historian, Yang often predicts the motives behind his enemies, narrating the richhistoryof his world and offering commentary. One of his famous quotes is "There are few wars between good and evil; most are between one good and another good."
Besides the two main heroes, the story is full of vivid characters and intricate politics. All types of characters – from high nobility, admirals, and politicians, to common soldiers and farmers – are interwoven into the story. The story frequently switches away from the main heroes to the Unknown Soldier fighting for his life on the battlefield.
There is a third neutral power nominally attached to the Galactic Empire, the Phezzan Dominion, a planet-state that trades with both warring powers. There is also aTerraismcult, which believes that humans should go back toEarth,gaining popularity throughout the galaxy. Throughout the story, executive political figures of Phezzan, in concert with the upper-hierarchy of the Terraism cult, orchestrate a number of conspiracies to shift the tide of the galactic war to favor their objectives. The name "Phezzan" is a reference toFezzan,a region of modernLibyathat played an analogous historical role to the one in the anime.
Christopher Farris of theAnime News Networkwrote that the novels focus on "personal matters of the main players" instead of being "rote historical accounts", while the 1988-1997 anime series focuses on "the big picture of the war", with multiple characters chronicled, and the 2018 series focuses "only on the major plays by our two main actors to fit within its shorter, more focused format."[6]
Media
editNovels
editThe series proper is based on a ten-novel series written by Yoshiki Tanaka, as well as a number of other shorter stories set in the same universe, collected in fiveLegend of the Galactic Heroes Gaidenvolumes. It won theSeiun Awardfor "Best Novel of the Year" in 1988.[7]On July 2, 2015,Viz Mediahad announced that it had licensed the novels for release in North America under their Haikasoru imprint.[8]The company had only initially licensed the first three novels, but stated that it would license more if sales are good.[8]The first novel,Dawn,was released on March 8, 2016. The company eventually licensed and released all the novels, and the final volume,Sunset,was released on November 19, 2019. The novels were translated by Daniel Huddleston, Tyran Grillo and Matt Treyvaud. First three novels were also released as audiobooks.
Anime
editMy Conquest is the Sea of Stars
editLegend of the Galactic Heroes: My Conquest is the Sea of Stars(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nói わが chinh くは tinh の biển rộng,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu: Waga Yuku wa Hoshi no Taikai)is the first animated adaptation of Yoshiki Tanaka'sLegend of the Galactic Heroesseries of novels. It was originally released in Japan on 6 February 1988. The film chronicles the first combat encounter between Reinhard von Müsel (who later adopted the Lohengramm name) and Yang Wen-li, the two primary protagonists of the series. The mainoriginal video animation(OVA) series followed only months later.
Legend of the Galactic Heroes
editLegend of the Galactic Heroes(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nói,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu)is the second and longest-running animated adaptation of Tanaka's series of novels. It was released in direct home video installments during four separate periods between December 1988 and March 1997. The OVA comprises 110 episodes. It was later shown on television and has seen multiple releases on both DVD and Blu-ray formats. It is also known by the (grammatically incorrect) German titleHeldensagen vom Kosmosinsel,[h]which is used in its opening credits.
Golden Wings
editLegend of the Galactic Heroes: Golden Wings(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nói ngoại vân hoàng kim の cánh,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu Gaiden: Ōgon no Tsubasa)is the third animated adaptation ofLegend of the Galactic Heroes,adapting the short story of the same name. It was originally released on home video in Japan in October 1992, then released in cinemas in December of that year. Its art style is notable in that it follows the art style of theKatsumi Michihara's manga adaptation rather than the other animated works. Its ending theme song is "Futari Mita Yume ~Two of Us~", performed and composed by Hiroyuki Matsuda, written byGorou Matsui,and arranged byDavid Campbell.
Overture to a New War
editLegend of the Galactic Heroes: Overture to a New War(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nói tân たなる chiến い のNhạc dạo,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu: Arata Naru Tatakai no Ōvachua)is the fourth animated adaptation of Tanaka's novels. It was originally released in Japan on 18 December 1993. It expands upon the events covered in the first two episodes of the 1988 OVA series.
Gaiden
editLegend of the Galactic Heroes Gaiden(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nói ngoại vân,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu Gaiden)is the fifth animated adaptation (counting films) of Tanaka's novel series. It was originally released in Japan between February 1998 and July 2000. It served as a prequel to the main series, adaptingLegend of the Galactic Heroes Gaiden,or side stories, series of novels, (then) uncollected short stories, and also original stories.
Series 1 released from February to September 1998, consisted of adaptations of the short stories "Silver-White Valley", "Dream of the Morning, Song of Night" and "Disgrace" (later included in theGolden Wingscollection), and the novelA Hundred Billion Stars, a Hundred Billion Lights.
Series 2 released between December 1999 and June 2000, consisted of the adaptations of the novelsSpiral Labyrinthand part ofThe Star Crusher( "The Third Tiamat Battle" ), as well as the original stories "The Mutineer", "The Duellist", and "The Retriever".
Die Neue These
editLegend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These - Encounter(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nóiDIENEUETHESETình cờ gặp gỡ,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu: Di Noie Tēze - Kaikō)started being produced byProduction I.Gduring 2017.[9]Shunsuke Tada directed the series and Noboru Takagi supervised the scripts. Yoko Kikuchi, Iwao Teraoka, and Katsura Tsushima designed the characters. The mecha designs by Naoyuki Kato were drafted by Atsushi Takeuchi, Shinji Usui, and Shinobu Tsuneki.DMM Pictures,Shochiku,andTokuma Shotenwere credited with production of the anime, alongside Production I.G. The anime starsMamoru Miyanoas Reinhard von Lohengramm,Kenichi Suzumuraas Yang Wen-li, andYuichiro Umeharaas Siegfried Kircheis. The series premiered from April 3 to June 26, 2018, and ran for 12 episodes.[10]The opening theme is "Binary Star" bySawanoHiroyuki[nZk]:Uru,and the ending theme is "Wish" byElisa.[11]
A second season,Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These - Stellar War(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nóiDIENEUETHESETinh loạn,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu: Di Noie Tēze - Seiran)premiered in Japanese theaters as three films, each with four episodes, in 2019.[12]The films premiered on September 27, October 25, and November 29, 2019, respectively.[13]The ending theme for the films is "Tranquility" by SawanoHiroyuki[nZk]:Anly.[14]It was broadcast on TV with a reairing of the first season in 2020.[15]
A third season,Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These - Clash(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nóiDIENEUETHESEKích đột,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu: Di Noie Tēze - Gekitotsu)premiered in Japanese theaters as a three-part film series in 2022 on March 4, April 1, and May 13, respectively.[16]The opening theme for the films is "dust" bySennaRin,while the ending theme is "melt" by SennaRin.[17]
A fourth season,Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Die Neue These - Intrigue(Ngân hà anh hùng vân nóiDIENEUETHESESách mưu,Ginga Eiyū Densetsu: Di Noie Tēze - Sakubo)premiered in Japanese theaters as a three-part film series in 2022 on September 30, October 28, and November 25, respectively.[18]
A fifth season was announced in November 2023.[19]
English-language release
editAn English dub pilot was produced by Outis Productions andOcean Productionsin 1999. The dubbed episodes were the episodes 51 and 52. The dub was never picked up due to a lack of interest.[20]
On 2 July 2015,Sentai Filmworksannounced their license to the anime series at their panel atAnime Expo,and later commented that they hoped to create the "definitive release".[21][22]
On 20 June 2017, Sentai Filmworks announced the streaming release onHidive's anime streaming service starting the same day.[23]
Die Neue Theseis streamed in North America byCrunchyroll.
Manga
editThe first manga adaptation was authored byKatsumi Michihara,and adapts the first two volumes of the original novel. It was published from 1986 to 2000, and collected in eleven volumes. A four-volume continuation,Legend of the Galactic Heroes: Portrait of Heroes,was published from 2006 to 2012 and adapts the third volume of the original novel. This manga story is faithful to the original, possibly more faithful than the OVAs. However, there are some changes that could be considered major, e.g. the gender and ethnicity of Adrian Rubinsky are changed. Akira Kasahara cooperated in drawing mechanics. Michihara also adapted the side story "Golden Wings" into a one-shot manga of the same name in August 1986.
A manga adaptation byRyu Fujisakistarted inShueisha'sWeekly Young Jumpon October 8, 2015.[24]The manga was transferred toUltra Jumpon February 19, 2020.[25]Shueisha has compiled its chapters into individualtankōbonvolumes, with the first volume being released on February 19, 2016.[26]As of August 18, 2023, 27 volumes have been published.[27]
Games
editSeveral video games based onLegend of the Galactic Heroeshave been released for various platforms, including an online multiplayer strategy game. All of them have been released in Japan whilst some of them have been introduced in the Republic of Korea. Most of these games were published byBothtecandTokuma Shoten.A board game was released in 1998. Characters from the series were added to the game Romance of the Three Kingdoms XIV as DLC.[28]
Stage productions
editIn 2012, the series was adapted as a musical by the all-female performance troupeTakarazuka Revue.[29]
In February 2014, the most recent stage production ofLegend of the Galactic Heroesopened, and it ended with an announcement of a new anime adaptation. Tanaka's secretary, Hirofumi Adachi, confirmed the news and relayed the producer's comments that the new anime is not a remake of the earlier anime, but another anime adaptation of the original novels with a new staff.[30]
Reception and legacy
editThe series received several reviews in English media, years or even decades before its official release.[31]
The English debut of the novel series in 2016 was described as long-awaited and overdue.[32][33][34]Publishers Weeklycriticized the Daniel Huddleston's translation of the first novel,Dawn,stating it was "a slog". The novel as-a-whole was criticized for the "shallow" female characters.[35]Also that year, reviewing the same book for theForbesportal, Ollie Barder was much more positive, noting that the series is "an epic space opera that needs to be read" and "a fascinating novel and essential reading for anyone that enjoys immaculately complex fiction".[33]Rachel S. Cordasco, reviewing the novel series inLocus Magazinein 2020, praised the work as "a remarkable series... a multi-layered, multi-textual work [that] tells different stories on multiple levels", also observing that it is not just a space opera, but also, an "in-depthhistoriography"of the future military conflict, comparing it to the 18th-century historical workThe History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.[34]
In 2017, the 1988–1997 anime's official English release received a number of reviews in the English media. Anne Laurenroth of theAnime News Networkgave a positive review, stating that despite its length, it has, arranged well in advance, "one of the most satisfying anime endings ever written".[2]Daryl Surat, writing forOtaku Magazine,called the series "anime's greatest sci-fi epic".[36]
Takumi Sato noted that the character of Reinhard von Lohengramm as depicted in the anime could be related to the "aestheticizationofHitler's image ", comparing this phenomenon to similar Japanese works, such asSpace Battleship Yamato.[37]
The series has been described as "highly influential" in the development ofChinese online literature.[38]
The historiographical aspects of the show have been analyzed by a Polish scholar, Arkadiusz Bożejewicz.[39]
Notes
edit- ^abCredited as tổng giám sát (Chief Director)
- ^Credited under the pseudonym Masato Shitahara ( hoàng nguyên con người tao nhã ) for season 2.
- ^Credited as Animation Director(アニメーションディレクター).Note: This credit is used similar to "series director" in this instance, according to an interview with Shimizu himself.[3]
- ^Every episode was produced with major outsourcing assistance ( chế tác hiệp lực ) from other animation studios:
Season 1:Madhouse,AIC,E&G Films,I.G Tatsunoko,Raijin Film, Studio Look, Watanabe Promotion, and Bebow
Season 2 & 3:Artland,Magic Bus,and Tokyo Kids - ^Animation services provided by:Shaft,Magic Bus, Artland, andMushi Production.K-Factory did not possess an animation studio and outsourced all of the work to the aforementioned companies.
- ^Animation services provided by: Magic Bus, Artland, Shaft (season 1), and Mushi Production (season 1).
- ^Originally 3 films released in theaters that were later divided into 4 episodes each
- ^Literally "hero saga of the cosmic island"
References
edit- ^Beckhusen, Robert (March 13, 2016)."It's Time to Start Watching Japan's Best Military Sci-Fi Series".War Is Boring.Retrieved2018-12-30.
- ^abLauenroth, Anne (2017-08-02)."Why Legend of the Galactic Heroes is Worth Your Time".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on 2019-10-07.Retrieved2018-12-30.
- ^Đệ ５ hồi nước trong huệ tàng ( キャラクターデザイン・ tổng vẽ tranh giám sát ) “１９９４ năm đệ ３ kỳ chế tác khi インタビューより rút 粋”[5th Interview, Keizou Shimizu (Character Designer and Chief Animation Director) - Excerpt from 3rd Series Production Interview, 1994].Legend of the Galactic Heroes.Archivedfrom the original on November 8, 2021.RetrievedNovember 7,2021.
- ^"Anime News Network".Archivedfrom the original on 2024-07-08.Retrieved2024-07-08.
- ^abcdefTanaka, Yoshiki(2016-03-08).Dawn.Legend of the Galactic Heroes. Vol. 1. San Francisco:Viz/Haikasoru.ISBN9781421584942.
- ^Farris, Christopher (2018-05-16)."Legend of the Galactic Differences".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on 2019-10-07.Retrieved2019-10-07.
- ^"Tinh vân thưởng リスト"[Nebula Prize List].sf-fan.gr.jp(in Japanese). 2018-08-22.Archivedfrom the original on 2018-10-10.Retrieved2020-02-25.
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External links
edit- Official website
- Legend of the Galactic HeroesatIMDb
- Legend of the Galactic HeroesatAnime News Network's encyclopedia
- Legend of the Galactic Heroesseries listing at theInternet Speculative Fiction Database
