LemnosorLimnos(Greek:Λήμνος;Ancient Greek:Λῆμνος) is aGreek islandin the northernAegean Sea.Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within theLemnos regional unit,which is part of theNorth Aegeanregion.The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality isMyrina.[2]At 477.583 square kilometres (184.396 sq mi),[3]it is the8th-largest islandof Greece.
Lemnos
Λήμνος | |
|---|---|
 Panorama ofMyrina | |
  Lemnos Location within the region  | |
| Coordinates:39°55′N25°15′E/ 39.917°N 25.250°E | |
| Country | Greece |
| Administrative region | North Aegean |
| Regional unit | Lemnos |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 477.6 km2(184.4 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 470 m (1,540 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
| • Municipality | 16,411 |
| • Density | 34/km2(89/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2(EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3(EEST) |
| Postal code | 81400 |
| Area code(s) | 22540 |
| Vehicle registration | MH, MY |
| Website | limnos |
Geography
edit
Lemnos is primarily a flat island, but the western region, particularly the northwest, is rocky and mountainous. At 430 meters above sea level, Mount Skopia is the highest point.[4]The chief towns areMyrina,on the western coast, andMoudroson the eastern shore of a large bay in the middle of the island. Myrina (also called Kastro, meaning "castle" ) possesses a goodharbour.It is the seat of all trade carried on with the mainland.
Lemnos also has a 7-hectare desert, thePachies Ammoudies of Lemnos.
Climate
editThe climate in Lemnos is mainlyMediterranean(Csa).[5]Winters are generally mild, but with occasional snowfall. Strong winds are a feature of the island, especially in August and during the winter, with a maximum average wind speed of 20.7 km/h in February,[6]hence its nickname "the wind-ridden one" (in Greek, Ανεμόεσσα). The temperature is typically 2 to 5 degrees Celsius less than inAthens,especially in summertime.
| Climate data for Lemnos Island (1974-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
29.8 (85.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
39.4 (102.9) |
35.8 (96.4) |
32.8 (91.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) |
11.0 (51.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
7.8 (46.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 66.5 (2.62) |
55.6 (2.19) |
51.5 (2.03) |
36.4 (1.43) |
21.6 (0.85) |
15.5 (0.61) |
11.0 (0.43) |
6.3 (0.25) |
29.3 (1.15) |
43.9 (1.73) |
80.4 (3.17) |
84.7 (3.33) |
502.7 (19.79) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 mm) | 11.3 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 6.6 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 7.1 | 10.1 | 12.9 | 90.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 77.3 | 74.9 | 74.9 | 73.4 | 68.1 | 59.9 | 57.0 | 61.0 | 66.8 | 73.7 | 77.9 | 78.5 | 70.3 |
| Source 1: NOAA[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: HNMS[8] | |||||||||||||
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Salt lake of Lemnos -
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Landscape ofChortarolimni -
Paradisi hill
Mythic Lemnos
editFor ancient Greeks, the island was sacred toHephaestus,god of metallurgy, who—as he tells himself inIliadI.590ff—fell on Lemnos when Zeus hurled him headlong out ofOlympus.There, he was cared for by theSinties,according toIliad,or byThetis(Apollodorus,BibliothecaI:3.5), and there with a ThraciannymphCabiro (a daughter ofProteus) he fathered a tribe called theKaberoi.Sacred initiatory rites dedicated to them were performed in the island. Its ancient capital was namedHephaistiain the god's honour.
Hephaestus' forge, which was located on Lemnos, as well as the nameAethaleia,sometimes applied to it, points to itsvolcaniccharacter. It is said that fire occasionally blazed forth from Mosychlos, one of its mountains. The ancient geographerPausaniasrelates that a small island calledChryse,off the Lemnian coast, was swallowed up by the sea. All volcanic action is now extinct.
The earliest inhabitants are said to have been a Thracian tribe, whom the Greeks calledSintians,"robbers". The nameLemnosis said byHecataeusto have been applied in the form of a title toCybeleamong theThracians.[9]The worship of Cybele was characteristic of Thrace, where it had spread fromAsia Minorat a very early period. Hypsipyle and Myrina (the name of one of the chief towns) are Amazon names, which are always connected with Asiatic Cybele-worship.
According to the epitome of theBibliothecatraditionally attributed to Apollodorus (EpitomeI:9), whenDionysusfoundAriadneabandoned onNaxos,he brought her to Lemnos and there fatheredThoas,Staphylus,Oenopion,and Peparethus.Pliny the Elderin hisNatural History(xxxvi. 13) speaks of a remarkablelabyrinthin Lemnos, which has not been identified in modern times.
According to a Hellenic legend, the women were all deserted by their husbands for Thracian women, and in revenge they murdered every man on the island. From this barbarous act, the expressionLemnian deedsbecame proverbial among the Hellenes. According toApollonius of Rhodes'ArgonauticatheArgonautslanding soon after found only women in the island, ruled byHypsipyle,daughter of the old king Thoas. From the Argonauts and the Lemnian women were descended the race calledMinyans,whose kingEuneus,son ofJasonand Hypsipyle, sent wine and provisions to the Achaeans atTroy.According to later Greek historians, the Minyans were expelled by aPelasgiantribe who came fromAttica.
The historical element underlying these traditions is probably that the original Thracian people were gradually brought into communication with the Greeks as navigation began to unite the scattered islands of the Aegean; the Thracian inhabitants were technologically primitive in comparison with the Greek mariners.
In another legend,Philocteteswas left on Lemnos by the Greeks on their way to Troy; and there he suffered ten years' agony from his wounded foot, untilOdysseusandNeoptolemusinduced him to accompany them to Troy. According toSophocles,he lived beside Mount Hermaeus, whichAeschylusmakes one of the beacon points to flash the news of Troy's downfall home toArgos.
History
edit
Prehistory
editThe ruins of the oldest human settlement in the Aegean Islands found so far have been unearthed in archaeological excavations on Lemnos by a team of Greek, Italian and Americanarchaeologistsat the Ouriakos site on the Louri coast of Fyssini in Moudros municipality. The excavation began in early June 2009 and the finds brought to light, consisting mainly of high qualitystone tools,are from theEpipaleolithic Period,indicating a settlement ofhunters and gatherersand fishermen of the12th millennium BC.
A rectangular building with a double row of stepped seats on the long sides, at the southwest side of the hill ofPoliochne,dates back to theEarly Bronze Ageand was possibly used as a kind ofBouleuterion.[citation needed]
In August and September 1926, members of theItalian School of Archaeology at Athensconducted trial excavations on the island.[10]The overall purpose of the excavations was to shed light on the island's pre-Hellenic "Etrusco-Pelasgian" civilization, following the discovery of the "Lemnos stele",bearing an inscription philologists related to theEtruscan language.The excavations, with then-current political overtones, were conducted on the site of the city ofHephaistia(i. e., Palaiopolis) where the Pelasgians, according to Herodotus, surrendered toMiltiadesof Athens in 510 BC, initiating the social and politicalhellenizationof the island. There, a necropolis (ca. 9th–8th centuries BC) was discovered, revealing bronze objects, pots, and over 130ossuaries.The ossuaries contained distinctly male and female funeral ornaments. Male ossuaries contained knives and axes whereas female ossuaries contained earrings, bronze pins, necklaces, gold-diadems, and bracelets. The decorations on some of the gold objects contained spirals ofMycenaeanorigin, but had no Geometric forms. According to their ornamentation, the pots discovered at the site were from the Geometric period. However, the pots also preserved spirals indicative of Mycenaean art. The results of the excavations indicate that the Early Iron Age inhabitants of Lemnos could be a remnant of a Mycenaean population and, in addition, the earliest attested reference to Lemnos is the Mycenaean Greekra-mi-ni-ja,"Lemnian woman", written inLinear Bsyllabic script.[11]Professor Della Seta reports:[12]
The lack of weapons of bronze, the abundance of weapons of iron, and the type of the pots and the pins gives the impression that the necropolis belongs to the ninth or eighth century B.C. That it did not belong to a Greek population, but to a population which, in the eyes of the Hellenes, appeared barbarous, is shown by the weapons. The Greek weapon, dagger or spear, is lacking: the weapons of the barbarians, the axe and the knife, are common. Since, however, this population… preserves so many elements of Mycenaean art, the Tyrrhenians or Pelasgians of Lemnos may be recognized as a remnant of a Mycenaean population.
Antiquity
editAccording to Homer, Lemnos was inhabited by theSintians.[13][14]Thucydides mentionsTyrrheniansas thepre-Greekinhabitants.[15]
Homerspeaks as if there were one town in the island called Lemnos. In Classical times there were two towns,Myrina(also called Kastro) andHephaistia,[16]which was the chief town. Coins from Hephaestia are found in considerable number, and various types including the goddess Athena with her owl, native religious symbols, the caps of theDioscuri,Apollo,etc. Few coins of Myrina are known. They belong to the period of Attic occupation, and bear Athenian types. A few coins are also known which bear the name of the whole island, rather than of either city.
A trace of theLemnian languageis found on a 6th-century inscription on a funerary stele, theLemnos stele.Lemnos later adopted theAttic dialectof Athens.
Coming down to a better authenticated period, it is reported that Lemnos was conquered byOtanes,a general ofDarius Hystaspis.But soon (510 BC) it was reconquered byMiltiades the Younger,the tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese. Miltiades later returned toAthensand Lemnos was an Athenian possession until theMacedonianempire absorbed it. By 450 BC, Lemnos was an Athenian cleruchy. The Athenian settlers brought with them Athenian drama, dated to at least 348 BC. However, the tradition of theater seems to date back to the 5th century, and recent excavations at the site Hephaisteia suggest that the theater dated to the late 6th to early 5th century.
On a barren island near Lemnos there was an altar ofPhilocteteswith a brazen serpent, bows and breastplate bound with strips, to remind of the sufferings of the hero.[17]
In 197 BC, the Romans declared it free, but in 166 BC gave it over to Athens which retained nominal possession of it until the whole of Greece was made a province of theRoman Republicin 146 BC. After the division of theRoman Empirein 395, Lemnos passed to theByzantine Empire.
Pliny the Elderwrites about a labyrinth on Lemnos which was built by the Lemnian architects Zmilis, Rhoecus, and Theodorus.[18]
Middle Ages
edit
As a province of the Byzantine Empire, Lemnos belonged to thethemeof theAegean Sea,and was a target ofSaracenraids in the 10th century and ofSeljukraids in the 11th century.[19][20]Following the dissolution and division of the Empire after theFourth Crusade,Lemnos (known by Westerners asStalimene) was apportioned to theLatin Empire,and given as a fief to the Navigajoso family under the Venetian (or possibly of mixed Greek and Venetian descent)megaduxFilocalo Navigajoso.[20][21]Filocalo died in 1214, and was succeeded by his sonLeonardoand his daughters, who partitioned the island into three fiefs between them. Leonardo retained the title ofmegaduxof the Latin Empire and half the island with the capital,Kastro,while his sisters and their husbands received one quarter each with the fortresses of Moudros andKotsinos.Leonardo died in 1260 and was succeeded by his sonPaolo Navigajoso,who resisted Byzantine attempts at reconquest until his death during a siege of the island by the Byzantine admiralLicarioin 1277. Resistance continued by his wife, but in 1278 the Navigajosi were forced to capitulate and cede the island back to Byzantium.
During the last centuries of Byzantium, Lemnos played a prominent role: following the loss ofAsia Minor,it was a major source of food, and it played an important role in the recurring civil wars of the 14th century.[19]As theOttomanthreat mounted in the 15th century, possession of Lemnos was demanded byAlfonso V of Aragonin exchange for offering assistance to the beleaguered Byzantines, while the last Byzantine emperor,Constantine XI Palaiologos,offered it to theGenoesecaptainGiustiniani Longo,if the Ottoman besiegers were driven off.[19]Dorino I Gattilusio,the ruler ofLesbos,also acquired Lemnos as his fief shortly before theFall of Constantinoplein 1453.[20]
Ottoman period
edit
Following the fall of Constantinople (1453), and thanks to the intercession ofMichael Critobulus,SultanMehmed IIrecognized Dorino I Gattilusio's possession of Lemnos andThasosin exchange for an annual tribute of 2,325 gold coins. When Dorino died in 1455, his son and successorDomenicowas only granted Lemnos, however.[20]In 1456, Mehmed II attacked and captured the Gattilusi domains in Thrace (Ainosand the islands ofSamothraceandImbros). During the subsequent negotiations with Domenico Gattilusio, the Greek populace of Lemnos rose up against Domenico's younger brotherNiccolò Gattilusioand submitted to the Sultan, who appointed a certain Hamza Bey as governor under theBey of Gallipoli,Isma'il.[22]Mehmed granted a special legal charter (kanun-name) to Lemnos, Imbros, and Thasos, at this time, later revised bySelim Iin 1519.[20]In 1457 aPapalfleet under CardinalLudovico Scarampi Mezzarotacaptured the island.[20]Pope Callixtus III(in office 1455–1458) hoped to establish a newmilitary orderon the island, which controlled the exit of theDardanelles,but nothing came of it as Isma'il Bey soon recovered Lemnos for the Sultan.[22]
In 1464, during theFirst Ottoman–Venetian War,theVenetiansseized Lemnos and other former Gattilusi possessions, but the area reverted to Ottoman control in accordance with the 1479Treaty of Constantinople.[22]In the aftermath, theKapudan Pasha,Gedik Ahmed,repaired the island's fortifications and brought in settlers fromAnatolia.At this time, the administration of the island was also reformed and brought in line with Ottoman practice, with a governor (voevoda), judge (kadi), and elders (kodjabashis) heading the local Greek inhabitants.[20]In the late 16th century, Lemnos is recorded, along with Chios, as "the only prosperous island of the Archipelago". It had 74 villages, three of them inhabited by Turkish Muslims.[20]
In July 1656, during theFifth Ottoman–Venetian War,the Venetians captured the island again following amajor victoryover the Ottoman fleet. The Ottomans under Topal Mehmed Pasha recovered it barely a year later, on 15 November 1657, after besieging the capital of Kastro for 63 days.[22]The famousSufipoet Niyazi Misri was exiled to Lemnos for several years during the late 17th century. In 1770 Russian forces under CountAlexei Grigoryevich Orlovbesieged Kastro for 60 days during theRusso-Turkish War of 1768–1774.The fortress had just surrendered when an attack by the Ottoman fleet on the Russian vessels in Mudros Bay forced the Russians to withdraw (24 October 1770).[22]
Under Ottoman rule, Lemnos initially formed part of thesanjaksof Gallipoli or Mytilene under theEyalet of the Archipelago,but was constituted as a separatesanjakin thereformsof the mid-19th century, at the latest by 1846. Abolished in 1867, the sanjak was re-formed in 1879 and existed until theisland's captureby the Greeks in 1912. It comprised the islands of Lemnos (Limni in Turkish),Agios Efstratios(Bozbaba), Imbros (Imroz) andTenedos(Bozcaada).[22][23]
The French scholarVital Cuinet,in his 1896 workLa Turquie d'Asie,recorded a population of 27,079, of which 2,450 were Muslims and the rest Greek Orthodox.[22]
Modern period
edit
On 8 October 1912, during theFirst Balkan War,Lemnos became part ofGreece.The Greek navy under Rear AdmiralPavlos Kountouriotiscaptured itafter a brief actionwithout any casualties from the Ottoman garrison, who were returned to Anatolia.Peter Charanis,born on the island in 1908, and later a professor ofByzantine historyatRutgers University,recounts when the island was liberated and Greek soldiers were sent to the villages and stationed themselves in the public squares. Some of the children ran to see what Greek soldiers looked like; "What are you looking at?", one of them asked; "At Hellenes", the children replied; "Are you not Hellenes yourselves?", a soldier retorted; "No, we areRomans",the children replied; which might seem odd at a first glance, but indicates that in parts of Greece the locals self-identified as a continuation of the Eastern, Greek-speaking part of the Roman Empire (Ρωμιοί), along with their Greek identity.[24]
Moudros Baybecame a forward anchorage for the Greek fleet, which enabled it to keep watch on theDardanellesand prevent a foray by theOttoman Navyinto the Aegean. The Ottomans' two attempts to achieve this were beaten back in the battles ofElliandLemnos.Thus the Ottomans were prevented from supplying and reinforcing their land forces inMacedoniaby sea, a critical factor in the success of theBalkan Leaguein the war.
DuringWorld War I,in early 1915, theAlliesused the island to try to capture theDardanellesStraits, some 50 kilometres (31 miles) away. This was done chiefly by the British and largely due to the urging ofWinston Churchill.The harbour at Moudros was put under the control of British AdmiralRosslyn Wemyss,who was ordered to prepare the then largely unused harbour for operations against the Dardanelles.
The harbour was broad enough for British and French warships, but lacked suitable military facilities, which was recognized early on. Troops intended forGallipolihad to train inEgypt,and the port found it difficult to cope with casualties of theGallipoli campaign.The campaign was called off in evident failure at the close of 1915. Moudros' importance receded, although it remained the Allied base for the blockade of the Dardanelles during the war. The town ofLemnos, Victoria,Australia, established in 1927 as asoldier settlementzone for returning First World War soldiers, was named after the island. There are threeCommonwealth War Graves Commission(CWGC) cemeteries on the island, the first one for the 352 Allied soldiers inPortianou,the second one for the 148 Australian and 76 New Zealander soldiers in the town of Moudros and the third one for the Ottoman soldiers (170 Egyptian and 56 Turkish soldiers).[25]
In late October 1918, thearmisticebetween the Ottoman Empire and the Allies was signed at Moudros.
After the Red Army victory in theRussian Civil Warin 1920, manyKuban Cossacksfled the country to avoid persecution from the Bolsheviks. A notable evacuation point was the Greek island of Lemnos where 18,000 Kuban Cossacks landed, though many later died of starvation and disease. Most left the island after a year.
DuringWorld War II,the island was occupied by the Germans on 25 April 1941, in the wake of theWehrmacht’s invasion of Greece, by the Infanterie Regiment 382/164 Inf.Division under the command of Oberst Wilhelm-Helmuth Beukemann.The same bay of Moudros used by the Allies in WWI served as a base for German ships controlling the northern Aegean sea. An important fact is that the occupation forces included German punitive bataillon, the famous 999 units, in this case the999th Light Afrika Division (Wehrmacht)and its Afrika Schützen Regiment 963 (later Festungs Infanterie Bataillon 999). These included many German and Austrian antifascist political prisoners enrolled by force, many of whom then joined theGreek People's Liberation Army(ELAS), such asWolfgang Abendroth.Partially evacuated since August 1944, the island was liberated on 16 and 17 of October 1944 by the GreekSacred Band (World War II)or Greek Sacred Squadron under the command of the British Raiding Forces (as part of the SAS orSpecial Air Service).
Today the island has about 30 villages and settlements. The province includes the island ofAgios Efstratiosto the southwest which has some exceptional beaches.[26]
Municipality
edit
The present municipality of Lemnos was formed on the merger of the following four former municipalities, each of which became municipal units, following the 2011 local government reform:[2]
Lemnos and the smaller island of Agios Efstratios previously formed part of Lesbos Prefecture. In 2011, the prefecture was abolished and Lemnos and Agios Efstratios now form Lemnos Regional Unit. Lemnos Province, abolished in 2006, comprised the same territory as the present regional unit.
Subdivisions
editThe municipal units of Atsiki, Moudros, Myrina and Nea Koutali are subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
Atsiki
Moudros
- Fisini(Fisini,Agia Sofia)
- Kalliopi
- Kaminia(Kaminia,Voroskopos)
- Kontopouli(Kontopouli,Agios Alexandros,Agios Theodoros)
- Lychna(Lychna, Anemoessa)
- Moudros (Moudros, Koukonisi)
- Panagia(Panagia, Kortisonas)
- Plaka
- Repanidi(Repanidi,Kotsinos)
- Roussopouli
- Romanou
- Skandali
Myrina
- Myrina (Myrina, incl. Androni)
- Thanos(Thanos, Paralia Thanous)
- Kaspakas(Kaspakas, Agios Ioannis, Gali, Limenaria)
- Kornos(Kornos, Psylloi)
- Platy(Platy, Paralia Plateos, Plagisos Molos)
Nea Koutali
- Agkaryones
- Kallithea
- Kontias
- Livadochori(Livadochori, Poliochni)
- Nea Koutali
- Pedino(Neo Pedino, Palaio Pedino, Vounaria)
- Portianou
- Tsimandria
Culture
editCuisine
editLocal specialties include:
- Kalathaki Limnou,cheese
- Melichloro, cheese
- Fava (Lathyrus clymenum)
- Paximadia
- Tiganopites
- Flomaria,type of pasta
- Valanes, type of pasta
- Limniowine
- Katiméria,dessert (tiganites, type of pancakes)
- Feloúdia,dessert
Sports
editEconomy
editThis sectionneeds additional citations forverification.(September 2023) |
Lemnos has a strong husbandry tradition, being famous for the Kalathaki Limnou[27](PDO), a cheese made from sheep and goat milk; as well as for the Melichloro or Melipasto cheese and itsyogurt.Fruit and vegetables that grow on the island include almonds, figs, melons, watermelons, tomatoes, pumpkins and olives. The main crops are wheat, barley, sesame; in fact, Lemnos was Constantinople's granary after theByzantineEmpire lost its Anatolian possessions in the 1320s. Lemnos also produces honey (fromthyme-fed bees), but, as is the case with most products of a local nature in Greece, the produced quantities are little more than simply sufficient for the local market.Muscatgrapes are grown widely, and are used to produce an unusual table wine that is dry yet has a strong Muscat flavor. Since 1985, the variety and quality of Lemnos wines have increased greatly.
The island's economically active population in 2001 was 6,602. Of them, 12% were employers, 20.5% self-employed, 55.3% wage-earners, 7.1% unpaid, auxiliary family members, and 5.1% did not declare line of occupation. Of the economically active population, 17.9% worked in agriculture, 5.3% in light manufacturing, 11% in construction, 6.7% in hotels and restaurants, and the rest in other lines of business.[28][better source needed]In 2001, the island had 12,116 regular dwellings, of which 65% were stone-built, and 90.2% had pitched roofs made of red tiles.[29]
Transport
editThe only airport isLemnos International Airport,18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Myrina. The island is well served by ferries fromPiraeus(Athens),Lavrio,andThessaloniki.
Notable people
edit- Alcamenes(5th century BC); sculptor
- Niyâzî-i Mısrî[tr](1618-1694); Turkish Sufi, poet
- Ioannis Dimitriou,cotton and industrialist merchant
- Peter Charanis,historian
- Komninos Pyromaglou,WWII resistance figure
- Ilias Iliou(1904 – 1985); politician, leader ofUnited Democratic Left
- Rallis Kopsidis(1929 - 2010); painter, writer
- Panagiotis Magdanis,Olympic rower
In popular culture
editA slightly fictionalized Lemnos appears in the 2013tactical shootervideo gameArma 3as the island of "Altis", part of theisland countryof the "Republic of Altis and Stratis". Altis is the main setting of the game, and originally kept the name "Lemnos" beforean incident in 2012between the game's developers and Greek authorities prompted the developers to rename the island. "Stratis", based onAgios Efstratios,is south of the island as it is in real life.
InGod of War,at some point in the story Kratos finds a bottle of Lemnian wine, which he claims to come from Lemnos, a place close to where he was born. He eventually shares it with his son Atreus.[30]
See also
edit- Lemnian language
- Lemniscate
- Limniowine
- Lemnian Athena
- Armistice of Mudros(or Moudros)
References
edit- ^"Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό"[Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
- ^ab"ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities"(in Greek).Government Gazette.
- ^"Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)"(PDF)(in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2015-09-21.
- ^Nigel Wilson (31 October 2013).Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece.Routledge. p. 421.ISBN978-1-136-78800-0.
- ^Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006)."World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated"(PDF).Meteorol. Z.15(3): 259–263.Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K.doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.RetrievedJanuary 29,2013.
- ^"Κλιματικά Δεδομένα ανά Πόλη- ΜΕΤΕΩΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ, ΕΜΥ, Εθνική Μετεωρολογική Υπηρεσία".emy.gr.Retrieved2023-06-08.
- ^"Limnos Island Climate Normals 1961-1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedJanuary 29,2013.
- ^"Limnos Island Climate Averages 1974-2010".Hellenic National Meteorological Service.RetrievedDecember 9,2020.
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- ^Homer. The Odyssey. Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Samuel Butler. Based on public domain edition, revised by Timothy Power and Gregory Nagy. A. C. Fifield, London. 1900: 8.5.
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- ^abcdefghde Groot, A. H. (1986)."Limni".InBosworth, C. E.;van Donzel, E.;Lewis, B.&Pellat, Ch.(eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume V:Khe–Mahi.Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 763–764.ISBN978-90-04-07819-2.
- ^Van Tricht, Filip (2011).The LatinRenovatioof Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228).Leiden: Brill. pp. 112, 130, 144.ISBN978-90-04-20323-5.
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edit- This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Lemnos".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 412–413.
- Dimitris Plantzos,The Story of Lemnos. Myth - History - Heritage,Athens: Kapon Editions (2022).ISBN9786182180013
