Wikipedia

Liberal elite

Liberal elite,[1]also referred to as themetropolitan eliteorprogressive elite,[2][3][4]is a term used to describe politicallyliberalpeople whose education has traditionally opened the doors to affluence, wealth and power and who form amanagerial elite.It is commonly invokedpejoratively,with the implication that the people who claim to support the rights of theworking classare themselves members of theruling classesand are therefore out of touch with the real needs of the people they say that they support and protect.[4][5][6]

Usage

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Canada

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See also:Laurentian Elite

Canadian news outlet CBC reported on an event for supporters ofDoug Ford(thepremier of Ontario). A supporter described elites as "Those that think they're better than me".[7]Doug Ford also described elites as "people who look down on the average, common folk, thinking they're smarter and that they know better to tell us how to live our lives".[8]Alex Marland of the Memorial University ofNewfoundlandcommented onJustin Trudeau'spopularity with "liberal elites in metropolitan cities" in an article published onResearchGateentitled "The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context".[9]

China

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The termbaizuo(Chinese:Bạch tả ) is used to refer toleft-liberalideas commonly associated with White people in theWestern world.This term depicts them as unrealistic, out of touch, and lovingvirtue signalling.[10]It has also been widely used in Taiwan; this term specifically refers to white people in the West who often have higher education levels, liberal views, unrealistic expectations of the real world, and obsession with standing up for minorities even though these minorities are not offended.[11]

Hong Kong

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See also:Socialism in Hong Kong

The term calledzo gaau[zh](Chinese:Tả keo;Jyutping:zo2 gaau1) is widely used for similar effect in Hong Kong, which literally means "left dumbass" or "leftard".[12][13]This term began appearing in Hong Kong political discourse in the 2010s, first in traditional media outlets and quickly spreading to online communication. This term refers to those who advocate peace, equality and non-violence in an unrealistic way only to satisfy their moral superiority. Their ideas are too lofty and sometimes ignore the imperfections of the real world in pursuit of their unrealistic dream.[14]

India

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See also:Pseudosecularism

In India, the term 'liberal elite' is used to describe theEnglishspeaking,left-leaningestablishment,aligned toNehruvian socialismandMarxism,who have formed much of the mainstream intelligentsia and the ruling political class of India since its independence in 1947. TheIndian National Congress,often referred to as the 'Grand Old Party' of India, is a left-liberal party, which has dominated Indian politics for much of the country's independent history.[15]

Malaysia

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In Malaysia, the termBangsar Bubbleis used to describe affluentMalayyouth, usually highly educated and high-income groups (mostly T20 with M40 factions), notably in theBangsararea of theKlang Valley.The term was initially used by leftists to criticize liberals who lack class analysis, but soon that term was appropriated to also refer to Malays who have embraced the Western left's progressive thinking. The group is usually associated with advocating some Western progressive issues such as LGBT rights (a taboo topicin the country), human rights, secularism, and racial issues. In terms of social media, they often use Twitter instead of Facebook, the latter of which is dominated by conservatives. The group usually endorses thePakatan Harapancoalition or theMalaysian United Democratic Alliance.[16][17]

South Korea

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See also:386 GenerationandGangnam (Seoul)

"Gangnam Leftist" (Korean:강남 좌파;Hanja:Giang Nam phái tả) refers to the highly educated and high-income class with left-liberal tendencies inSouth Koreanpolitics and society. They are mainly composed of upper-class members of the386 Generation.In South Korea, the term is used with the same meaning as "limousine liberal"(Korean:리무진 리버럴).[18][19]They are sometimes referred to as "Gangnam liberals", after the wealthyGangnam regionofSeoul,and are differentiated from South Korea's traditionalsocialistandsocial democraticfactions centered on thelabor movement.[20][21]

Gangnam leftistis a political term in South Korea, but it is also often used to refer to liberal politicians in countries other than South Korea. For example,Emmanuel MacronandJoe Bidenhave been referred to as Gangnam leftists in South Korean media.[18][22]

Philippines

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TheTagalogtermdilawan,which means 'yellow ones' in reference to the color ofliberalismas an ideology and movement (cf.,pulahanfor 'Reds'),[23]is used to describe a "discredited brand of transactional reform politics"en voguesince the 1986People Power Revolution(EDSA I).[24][25][original research?]EDSA I, also known as theYellowRevolution, has been disdained by detractors as a "revolution of mere elitesrather than arevolution of the whole people",[26]and one which "ignor[ed] the existence of thetoilingmasses and peasants in agrarian Philippines ".[27]The term's usage originated in the 1980s as a pejorative forLiberal Partyloyalists andpolitically alignedgroups or individuals,[28]often associated with thegenteelEnglish-speakingelite.[29][30][31]It gained renewed currency during the2016 Philippine presidential electionamonghardline supportersofRodrigo Duterte.[a]In the country's English-language political-economic discourse,liberal eliteis the term employed.[34][35][36]

More than a decade prior to Duterte's election, in January 2001, theEDSA IIprotests, which have been denounced by critics as unrepresentative and elitist,[27][37][38]culminated in the resignation under pressure of then-presidentJoseph Estradaand the installation ofGloria Macapagal Arroyoas his successor. Arroyo, educated abroad andfluentin multiple colonial languages, was highly regarded in liberal elite circles in contrast to Estrada,[39]a university dropout whose proficiency in English was wanting.[40][41]Populist protests against Arroyo would erupt three months later in what came to be known asEDSA III.[42]

Duterte, while fluent in English, has similarly run afoul of the liberal elite,[43]which repeatedly draws attention not only to his questionable antics—deplored by no less than his daughterSara—but also to his frequent use ofgutter language.[33][35][44]This aversion, in turn, to gutter language has been criticized as indicative of a socioeconomically privileged upbringing that renders one out of touch with general society.[43][45][46]Such attitudes have been described as a desire on the part of the liberal elite to "demonize" detractors by portraying them as somehow morally or intellectually deficient,[47][48]as well as incapable of critical thought.[49]

Estrada has since come out as a supporter of Duterte,[50]expressing concern that the latter,like himself,[42][51][52]might be driven out of office by whom he had referred to years earlier as the "rich and perfumed".[53]Others have echoed Estrada's depiction of those who had deposed him,[54]notwithstanding Estrada'sown membershipin albeitanother sectionof the broader Philippineelite,[55]or have similarly denounced what has been described as themoralismandsham decencyof the liberal elite.[56]Ultimately, Duterte's rise to power has come to be seen as the "people's verdict" on both the failures of theliberal orderand what has been felt as the glibness of its domestic champions.[57][58][59]

United Kingdom

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The liberal elite is referred to by various terms inBritishpolitical discourse.Hampstead SocialistandHampstead liberalhave been used, referring to theNorth Londonarea ofHampstead.[60]

The termHampstead Socialistwas regularly used byNick Griffin,the former leader of theBritish National Party[61][62][63]and the phrase "North London metropolitan liberal elite" has been used by Home SecretaryPriti Patel.Due to the high Jewish population of this area, references to "North London" elites have been accused by some, such as theJewish Labour Movement,as a form of codedantisemitism.[64][65]

Another term that has gained currency isIslington set.Emily Thornberry,Labour PartyMP forIslington South and Finsbury,resigned as a member of theShadow Cabineton 20 November 2014 during theRochester and Strood by-election,in which she tweeted a picture of a house draped withEngland flagsand awhite vanparked outside with the caption 'Image from Rochester', thought by many to be a snobby jibe.Simon Danczuk,the then-Labour MP forRochdale,commented that Thornberry's tweet furthers the perception that the Labour Party "has been hijacked by the north London liberal elite".[66][67][68]

United States

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See also:Progressivism in the United StatesandSocial liberalism in the United States

In the United States, the sterotypical lifestyle of the liberal elite is often referenced in popular culture. ColumnistDave Barrydrew attention to these stereotypes when he commented, "Do we truly believe that ALLred-stateresidents are ignorant racist fascist knuckle-draggingNASCAR-obsessed cousin-marryingroadkill-eatingtobacco-juice-dribbling gun-fondling religious fanaticrednecks;or that ALL blue-state residents are godless unpatriotic pierced-noseVolvo-driving France-loving left-wing communistlatte-suckingtofu-chomping holistic-wacko neurotic vegan weenie perverts? "[69]

A2004political advertisement from theright-wingorganizationClub for Growthattacked the Democratic presidential candidateHoward Deanby portraying him as part of the liberal elite: "Howard Dean should take his tax-hiking, government-expanding, latte-drinking, sushi-eating, Volvo-driving,New York Times–reading, body-piercing, Hollywood-loving, left-wing freak show back to Vermont, where it belongs. "[70]

Those Americans who equate intellectual pursuits and careers with elitism often point out American intellectuals, most of whom areupper-middle-classnotupper-class,[71]are primarily liberal. As of 2005,approximately 72% ofprofessorsidentify themselves as liberals. AtIvy Leagueuniversities, an even larger majority, 87% of professors identified themselves as liberals.[72]People withpostgraduate degreesare increasingly Democratic.[73][74][75][76][77]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Duterte's own party,PDP–Laban,had nevertheless itself been at "the forefront of many of those [EDSA I] demonstrations carrying yellow flags with the word[]LABANand faced water cannons,policebatons and threats of arrests ".[32]Sara Dutertehas argued that, despite claims to the contrary by high-ranking members of theCatholic Church hierarchy—in particular, ArchbishopSócrates Villegas—her father had indeed appreciated the significance of the 1986 revolution right from the beginning.[33]Duterte Carpio recounted, "On the evening of Feb[ruary] 25, 1986, I was playing in dreamland when my father interrupted my slumber and told me to get dressed because we ha[d] to go downtown [to themetropolitan cathedral], "adding that," While we were huddled in the car, he told us, 'Remember this night. Do not forget it.' "[33]

References

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  2. ^"Speaking as a member of the liberal metropolitan elite…".Daily Telegraph.8 February 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 24 April 2014.
  3. ^Chakelian, Anoosh (13 June 2014)."'The party's been hijacked by a metropolitan elite': Labour MP Simon Danczuk ".The New Statesman.
  4. ^ab"Progressive Elites Hate the Middle Class".29 April 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 3 February 2021.Retrieved16 December2020.
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  9. ^"The brand image of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in international context".ResearchGate.Retrieved4 October2019.
  10. ^"Cái này từ, làm Trung Quốc hướng phương tây nghịch hướng phát ra một lần giá trị quan ( tổ _ Canada gia viên võng".iask.ca.Archived fromthe originalon 25 June 2017.Retrieved28 November2021.
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  18. ^ab"바이든은 '강남 좌파?'···수백억대 저택서 연휴".서울경제.26 November 2021.Retrieved30 November2021.바이든 대통령은 자신이 상원 초선 의원이던 1975년부터 낸터킷에서 추수감사절을 보냈다. 하지만 대통령이 된 이후에는 처신이 달라져야 하는 것 아니냐는 지적이 나온 것이다. 공화당 전국위원회(RNC)는 "미국인이 인플레이션으로 굶주리는 와중에 바이든 대통령이 낸터킷에서 파티하며 흥청망청하고 있다" 며 바이든 대통령은리무진 리버럴이라고 했다.
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  20. ^"Wider Image: No money, no hope: South Korea's 'Dirt Spoons' turn against Moon".Reuters.26 November 2011.Retrieved30 November2021.Cho acknowledged he was a gold spoon and a "Gangnam liberal" motivated by social justice, but the approach backfired and he stepped down in October after only a month in the post. His wife is facing trial on allegations of forgery and financial fraud.
  21. ^"The Gangnam liberal".Korea JoongAng Daily.23 August 2021.Retrieved30 November2021.The disgrace of Cho Kuk, nominee for justice minister, is beyond a personal tragedy. He has brought down the left of Gangnam – a district in southern Seoul and home to the haves in Korea. The ultra-liberal from an elite background is teetering towards his doom. He has set himself apart from the traditional concept of a leftist in Korea.
  22. ^"꽃길만 걸은 '프랑스판 강남좌파'…출마 위해 중도로 변신".Kyunghyang Shinmun.1 May 2017.Retrieved28 December2021.
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  30. ^Webb, Adele (9 September 2016)."He May Have Insulted Obama, but Duterte Held Up a Long-Hidden Looking Glass to the US".The Conversation.
  31. ^Flores Bello, Walden(26 February 2021)."How the US Derailed Philippine History in 1986".Rappler.
  32. ^S. Cruz, Elfren (16 August 2017)."Story of LABAN".Philippine Star.
  33. ^abcNawal, Allan; Alconaba, Nico (25 February 2017)."Sara Duterte Fires Back: My Father Understood Spirit of EDSA".
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  35. ^abChua, Ethan (29 August 2020)."The End of Liberal Democracy in the Philippines".Lausan Collective.
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  38. ^"7 Years after Ouster, Erap Bares 5 Conspirators".12 March 2008.
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Further reading

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