Wikipedia

Life Is Beautiful

This article is about the 1997 Italian film. For other uses, seeLife Is Beautiful (disambiguation).
"La vita è bella" redirects here. For other uses, seeLa vita è bella (disambiguation).

Life Is Beautiful(Italian:La vita è bella,Italian:[laˈviːtaˈɛbˈbɛlla]) is a 1997 Italiancomedy-dramafilm directed by and starringRoberto Benigni,who co-wrote the film withVincenzo Cerami.Benigni plays Guido Orefice, aJewish Italianbookshop owner, who employs his imagination to shield his son from the horrors of internment in aNazi concentration camp.The film was partially inspired by the bookIn the End, I Beat HitlerbyRubino Romeo Salmonìand by Benigni's father, who spent two years in theBergen-Belsen concentration campduringWorld War II.

Life Is Beautiful
English-language release poster
Directed byRoberto Benigni
Written byRoberto Benigni
Vincenzo Cerami
Produced byGianluigi Braschi
Elda Ferri
Starring
CinematographyTonino Delli Colli
Edited bySimona Paggi
Music byNicola Piovani
Production
company
Melampo Cinematografica
Distributed byCecchi Gori Group(Italy)
Miramax Films(International)
Release date
  • 20 December 1997(1997-12-20)(Italy)
Running time
116 minutes[1]
CountryItaly
LanguageItalian
BudgetLit.15 billion[2]
Box office$230.1 million[3]

The film was an overwhelming critical and commercial success. Despite some criticisms of using the subject matter for comedic purposes, it received widespread acclaim, with critics praising its story, performances and direction, and the union of drama and comedy. The movie grossed over $230 million worldwide, including $57.6 million in the United States, is the second highest-grossing foreign language film in the U.S. (afterCrouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon)[4]and one of thehighest-grossing non-English language movies of all time.[5]TheNational Board of Reviewincluded it in the top five best foreign films of 1998.[6]

The movie won theGrand Prixat the1998 Cannes Film Festival,nineDavid di Donatello Awards(includingBest Film), fiveNastro d'ArgentoAwards in Italy, twoEuropean Film Awards,and threeAcademy Awards,includingBest Foreign Language FilmandBest Actorfor Benigni, the first for a male non-English performance.[7]

Plot

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Part I

In 1939, inFascist Italy,Guido Orefice is a youngItalian Jewishman who arrives to work in the city ofArezzo,inTuscany,where his uncle Eliseo works in the restaurant of a hotel. Guido is comical and sharp, and falls in love with a gentile girl named Dora. Later, he sees her again in the city where she is a teacher and set to be engaged to Rodolfo, a rich but arrogant local government official with whom Guido has regular run-ins. Guido sets up many "coincidental" incidents to show his interest in Dora.

Finally, Dora sees Guido's affection and promise and gives in, against her better judgment. He steals the lady from her engagement party, on Robin Hood; Uncle Eliseo's horse, humiliating her fiancé and mother. They are later married, have a son, Giosuè, and run a bookstore.

Part II

DuringWorld War II,in 1944 whenNorthern Italyis occupied byNazi Germany,Guido, his uncle Eliseo, and Giosuè are seized on Giosuè's birthday. They and many other Jews are forced onto a train bound for a concentration camp. After confronting a guard about her husband and son and being told there is no mistake, Dora volunteers to get on the train in order to be close to her family.

However, as men and women are separated in the camp, Dora and Guido do not see each other during the internment. Guido pulls off various stunts, such as using the camp's loudspeaker to send messages—symbolic or literal—to Dora to assure her that he and their son are safe. Eliseo is murdered in agas chambershortly after their arrival. Giosuè narrowly avoids being gassed himself as he hates to take baths and showers, and did not follow the other children when they had been ordered to enter the gas chambers and were told they were showers.

In the camp, Guido hides the true situation from his son. Guido tells Giosuè that the camp is a complicated game in which he must perform the tasks Guido gives him. Each of the tasks will earn them points and whoever gets to one thousand points first will win a tank. He tells him that if he cries, complains that he wants his mother, or says that he is hungry, he will lose points, while quiet boys who hide from the camp guards earn extra points. Giosuè is at times reluctant to go along with the game, but Guido convinces him each time to continue.

At one point Guido takes advantage of the appearance of visiting German officers and their families to show Giosuè that other children are hiding as part of the game, and he also takes advantage of a German nanny thinking Giosuè is one of her charges in order to feed him as Guido serves the German officers. Guido and Giosuè are almost found out to be prisoners by another server when Giosuè accidentally says "thank you" in Italian upon being served a plate of dinner. But when the server returns with his superior, Guido is found teaching all of the German children how to say "Thank you" in Italian, effectively providing a ruse.

Guido maintains this story right until the end when, in the chaos of shutting down the camp as theAllied forcesapproach, he tells his son to stay in a box until everybody has left, this being the final task in the competition before the promised tank is his. Guido goes to find Dora, but he is caught by a German soldier. An officer orders Guido to be executed and Guido is led off by the soldier. While he is walking to his death, Guido passes by Giosuè one last time and winks, still in character and playing the game. Guido is then shot and left for dead in an alleyway.

The next morning, Giosuè emerges from the sweat-box, just as a U.S. Army unit led by aSherman tankarrives and the camp is liberated. Giosuè is overjoyed about winning the game (unaware that his father is dead), thinking that he won the tank, and an American soldier allows Giosuè to ride on the tank.

While traveling to safety, Giosuè soon spots Dora in the procession leaving the camp and reunites with his mother. While the young Giosuè excitedly tells his mother about how he had won a tank, just as his father had promised, the adult Giosuè, in an overheard monologue, reminisces on the sacrifices his father made for him and his story.

Cast

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  • Roberto Benignias Guido Orefice, an Italian-Jewish waiter, later owner of a bookstore and Giosuè's father
  • Nicoletta Braschias Dora Orefice, a Gentile woman and school teacher, Guido's wife, and Giosuè's mother
  • Giorgio Cantarinias Giosuè Orefice, the son of Guido and Dora
  • Giustino Duranoas Uncle Eliseo, an Italian-Jewishmaître,Giosuè's granduncle and Guido's uncle
  • Horst Buchholzas Doctor Lessing, a doctor at the concentration camps who was a regular customer at Eliseo's restaurant. He often tries to solve riddles when with Guido
  • Marisa Paredesas Dora's mother, a rich socialite
  • Sergio Bustric as Ferruccio, Guido's friend and bumbling partner
  • Amerigo Fontani as Rodolfo, Dora's former husband to be and a government official
  • Lydia Alfonsias Guicciardini
  • Giuliana Lojodiceas the Headmistress
  • Pietro Desilva as Bartolomeo
  • Francesco Guzzo as Vittorino
  • Raffaella Lebboronias Elena
  • Claudio Alfonsi as Rodolfo's friend
  • Richard SammelasWaffen-SSOfficer
  • Omero Antonuttias older Giosuè who serves as the narrator(voice, uncredited)

Production

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The film was shot inArezzo,Tuscany,including by theBadia delle Sante Flora e Lucilla.

DirectorRoberto Benigni,who wrote the screenplay withVincenzo Cerami,was inspired by the story ofRubino Romeo Salmonìand his bookIn the End, I Beat Hitler,which incorporates elements of irony andblack comedy.[8]Salmoni was an Italian Jew who was deported to Auschwitz, survived and was reunited with his parents, but found his brothers were murdered. Benigni stated he wished to commemorate Salmoni as a man who wished to live in the right way.[9]He also based the story on that of his father Luigi Benigni, who was a member of theItalian Armyafter Italy became a co-belligerent of the Allies in 1943.[10]Luigi Benigni spent two years in a Nazi labour camp, and to avoid scaring his children, told about his experiences humorously, finding this helped him cope.[11]Roberto Benigni explained his philosophy, "to laugh and to cry comes from the same point of the soul, no? I'm a storyteller: the crux of the matter is to reach beauty, poetry, it doesn't matter if that is comedy or tragedy. They're the same if you reach the beauty."[12]The names of the protagonists are instead taken from Dora De Giovanni and Guido Vittoriano Basile, uncles of Nicoletta Braschi; Basile, arrested for his anti-fascist activity, died in theMauthausen concentration camp,a fate similar to that of the protagonist of the film of the same name, a fact that turned Dora's life upside down.[13]

His friends advised against making the film, as he is a comedian and not Jewish, and the Holocaust was not of interest to his established audience.[14]Because he isGentile,Benigni consulted with the Center for Documentation of Contemporary Judaism, based inMilan,throughout production.[15]Benigni incorporated historical inaccuracies in order to distinguish his story from the true Holocaust, about which he said only documentaries interviewing survivors could provide "the truth".[12]

The film was shot in thecentro storico(historic centre) ofArezzo,Tuscany.The scene where Benigni falls off a bicycle and lands onNicoletta Braschiwas shot in front ofBadia delle Sante Flora e Lucillain Arezzo.[16]The concentration camp was set in an old abandoned factory nearPapigno(Terni) that was converted into a concentration camp for filming.[17][18][19]The "prize" tank is anM4 Sherman.

Music

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Main article:Life Is Beautiful (soundtrack)

The originalscoreto the film was composed byNicola Piovani,[20]with the exception of a classical piece which figures prominently: the "Barcarolle"byJacques Offenbach.The soundtrack album won theAcademy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score[21]and was nominated for aGrammy AwardforBest Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.

Release

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In Italy, the film was released in 1997 by Cecchi Gori Distribuzione.[20]The film was screened in theCannes Film Festivalin May 1998, where it was a late addition to the selection of films.[22]In the U.S., it was released on 23 October 1998,[14]byMiramax Films.[23]In Germany, it was released on 12 November 1998. In Austria, it was released on 13 November 1998. In the UK, it was released on 12 February 1999.[12]After the Italian, English subtitled version became a hit in English speaking territories, Miramax reissuedLife Is Beautifulin an English dubbed version, but it was less successful than the subtitled Italian version.[24]

The film was aired on the Italian television stationRAIon 22 October 2001 and was viewed by 16 million people. This made it the most watched Italian film on Italian TV.[25]

Reception

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Box office

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Life Is Beautifulwas commercially successful, making $48.7 million in Italy.[26]It was thehighest-grossing Italian filmin its native country until 2011, when surpassed byChecco Zalone'sWhat a Beautiful Day.[27]

The film was also successful in the rest of the world, grossing $57.6 million in the United States and Canada and $123.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide gross of $230.1 million.[3]It surpassed fellow Italian filmIl Postino: The Postmanas the highest-grossing foreign language film in the United States untilCrouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon(2000).[28][29]

Critical response

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Roberto Benignireceived positive reviews for his film and performance, which he starred in with his wifeNicoletta Braschi.

The film was praised by the Italian press, with Benigni treated as a "national hero."[15]Pope John Paul II,who received a private screening with Benigni, placed it in his top five favourite films.[15]It holds a "Fresh" 81% approval rating on review aggregation websiteRotten Tomatoes,based on 93 reviews with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's consensus reads: "Benigni's earnest charm, when not overstepping its bounds into the unnecessarily treacly, offers the possibility of hope in the face of unflinching horror".[30]Metacriticassigned the film a weighted average score of 59 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[31]

Roger Ebertgave the film 3.5/4 stars, stating: "[According to Benigni] the movie has stirred up venomous opposition from the right wing in Italy [and at] Cannes, it offended some left-wing critics with its use ofhumor in connection with the Holocaust.What may be most offensive to both wings is its sidestepping of politics in favor of simple human ingenuity. The film finds the right notes to negotiate its delicate subject matter... The movie actually softens the Holocaust slightly, to make the humor possible at all. In the real death camps there would be no role for Guido. ButLife Is Beautifulis not about Nazis and Fascists, but about the human spirit. It is about rescuing whatever is good and hopeful from the wreckage of dreams. About hope for the future. About the necessary human conviction, or delusion, that things will be better for our children than they are right now. "[32]Michael Wilmington of theChicago Tribunegave the movie a score of 100/100, calling it: "A deeply moving blend of cold terror and rapturous hilarity. Lovingly crafted by Italy's top comedian and most popular filmmaker, it's that rare comedy that takes on a daring and ambitious subject and proves worthy of it."[33]

Richard Schickel,writing forTime,argued, "There are references to mass extermination, but that brutal reality is never vividly presented". He concluded that "even a hint of the truth about the Holocaust would crush [Benigni]'s comedy."[34]Owen GleibermanofEntertainment Weeklygave it a B−, calling it "undeniably some sort of feat—the first feel-good Holocaust weepie. It's been a long time coming." However, Glieberman stated: "There's only one problem. As shot, it looks like a game".[35]

Michael O'Sullivan, writing forThe Washington Post,called it "sad, funny and haunting."[36]

Nell Minow ofCommon Sense Mediagave it 5/5 stars, saying: "This magnificent film gives us a glimpse of the Holocaust, but it is really about love, and the indomitability of humanity even in the midst of inhumanity."[37]Janet Maslinwrote inThe New York Timesthat the film took "a colossal amount of gall" but "because Mr. Benigni can be heart-rending without a trace of the maudlin, it works."[23]The Los Angeles Times'sKenneth Turannoted the film had "some furious opposition" at Cannes, but said "what is surprising about this unlikely film is that it succeeds as well as it does. Its sentiment is inescapable, but genuine poignancy and pathos are also present, and an overarching sincerity is visible too."[38]

David Rooney ofVarietysaid the film had "mixed results," with "surprising depth and poignancy" in Benigni's performance but "visually rather flat" camera work byTonino Delli Colli.[20]In 2002,BBCcritic Tom Dawson wrote "the film is presumably intended as a tribute to the powers of imagination, innocence, and love in the most harrowing of circumstances," but "Benigni's sentimental fantasy diminishes the suffering of Holocaust victims."[39]

In 2006,Jewish Americancomedic filmmakerMel Brooksspoke negatively of the film inDer Spiegel,saying it trivialized the suffering in concentration camps.[40]

By contrast, Nobel LaureateImre Kertészargues that those who take the film to be a comedy, rather than a tragedy, have missed the point of the film. He draws attention to what he terms 'Holocaust conformism' in cinema to rebuff detractors ofLife Is Beautiful.[41]

Israeli screenwriter, author and art critic Kobi Niv published the bookLife Is Beautiful, but Not for Jews(in 2000 in Hebrew and an English translation in 2003), in which he analyzed the movie from a highly critical perspective, suggesting that the film's underlining narrative is harmful for Jews.[42]

Another academic analysis of the movie was undertaken by Ilona Klein, who analyzes the film's success and refers to the "ambiguous themes hidden within." Klein suggests that one of the reasons the movie was so successful was its appeal of "sentimental optimism". At the same time, she points out that "Miramax's hype billed this film as a fable about 'love, family, and the power of imagination,' yet most Jewish victims of the Nazis' 'Final Solution' were loving, concerned, devoted parents. No amount of love, family, and power of imagination helped their children survive the gas chambers."[43]

David Sterritt ofThe Christian Science Monitorhighlighted that "Enthusiasm for the movie has not been as unanimous as its ad campaign suggests, however, and audiences would do well to ponder its implicit attitudes." He pointed out that the movie implicitly suggests quick-witted confidence was a match for the terrors of fascist death camps, then added that "[Benigni's] fable ultimately obscures the human and historical events it sets out to illuminate."[44]

The movie also received criticism, for the scene of theUS ArmySherman M4 Tankcoming to liberate the concentration camp. However,Auschwitzwas liberated by theRed ArmyandBelsenwas liberated by the British Army.[45]Although there were Internet users who claimed that this scene was ahistorical revisionism.[46]

Accolades

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Life Is Beautifulwas shown at the1998 Cannes Film Festival,and went on to win theGrand Prix.[47]Upon receiving the award, Benigni kissed the feet of jury presidentMartin Scorsese.[38]

At the71st Academy Awards,Benigni wonBest Actorfor his role, with the film winning two more awards forBest Music, Original Dramatic ScoreandBest Foreign Language Film.[21]Benigni jumped on top of the seats as he made his way to the stage to accept his first award, and upon accepting his second, said, "This is a terrible mistake because I used up all my English!"[48]

Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ref(s)
Academy Awards 21 March 1999 Best Picture Elda FerriandGianluigi Braschi Nominated [21]
Best Director Roberto Benigni Nominated
Best Actor Won
Best Original Screenplay Roberto Benigni andVincenzo Cerami Nominated
Best Foreign Language Film Italy Won
Best Film Editing Simona Paggi Nominated
Best Music, Original Dramatic Score Nicola Piovani Won
Australian Film Institute Awards 1999 Best Foreign Film Roberto Benigni, Elda Ferri and Gianluigi Braschi Won [49]
BAFTA Awards 11 April 1999 Best Film Not in the English Language Roberto Benigni, Elda Ferri and Gianluigi Braschi Nominated [50]
Best Film Original Screenplay Writing Roberto Benigni and Vincenzo Cerami Nominated
Best Film Actor in a Leading Role Roberto Benigni Won
Cannes Film Festival 13–24 May 1998 Grand Prize Won [47]
César Awards 6 March 1999 Best Foreign Film Won [51]
Critics' Choice Awards 19 January 1999 Best Movie Nominated [52]
Best Movie in a Foreign Language Roberto Benigni Won
David di Donatello Awards 1998 Best Film Won [53]
Best Director Won
Best Producer Elda Ferri and Gianluigi Braschi Won
Best Script Roberto Benigni and Vincenzo Cerami Won
Best Actor in a Leading Role Roberto Benigni Won
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Sergio Bustric Nominated
Best Cinematography Tonino Delli Colli Won
Best Editing Simona Paggi Nominated
Best Sound Tullio Morganti Nominated
Best Score Nicola Piovani Nominated
Best Production Design Danilo Donati Won
Best Costumes Won
Scholars Jury David Roberto Benigni Won
European Film Awards 7 December 1998 Best Film Elda Ferri and Gianluigi Braschi Won [54]
Best Leading Actor Roberto Benigni Won
Jerusalem Film Festival 1998 Best Jewish Experience Won [12]
Screen Actors Guild Awards 7 March 1999 Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Motion Picture Cast Nominated [55]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role in a Motion Picture Roberto Benigni Won
Toronto International Film Festival 10–19 September 1998 People's Choice Award Won [22]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"La Vita E Bella (Life Is Beautiful)(12A) ".Buena Vista International.British Board of Film Classification.26 November 1998.Archivedfrom the original on 31 December 2013.Retrieved23 August2013.
  2. ^"La vita è bella: crolla il fienile di" Buongiorno Principessa ", appello a Roberto Benigni".Movieplayer.it(in Italian).Retrieved11 August2023.
  3. ^ab"Life Is Beautiful".Box Office Mojo.Archivedfrom the original on 6 June 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  4. ^"Top grossing foreign films in the US".RTT News.
  5. ^John, Adriana (21 September 2016)."Top 10 Highest Grossing Non-English Movies of All Time".Wonderslist.Retrieved7 January2018.
  6. ^"1998 Archives".National Board of Review.
  7. ^"Roberto Benigni: Dante is Beautiful".Mary Manning.
  8. ^Squires, Nick (11 July 2011)."Life Is Beautiful Nazi death camp survivor dies aged 91".The Daily Telegraph.Archived fromthe originalon 23 March 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  9. ^Paradiso, Stefania (10 July 2011)."E' morto Romeo Salmonì: l'uomo che ispirò Benigni per La vita è bella".Un Mondo di Italiani.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  10. ^Norden 2007,p. 146.
  11. ^Piper 2003,p. 12.
  12. ^abcdLogan, Brian (29 January 1999)."Does this man really think the Holocaust was a big joke?".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  13. ^https://issuu /franco.dellamore/docs/dora_de_giovanni
  14. ^abOkwu, Michael (23 October 1998)."'Life Is Beautiful' through Roberto Benigni's eyes ".CNN.Archivedfrom the original on 18 September 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  15. ^abcStone, Alan A. (1 April 1999)."Escape from Auschwitz".Boston Review.Archivedfrom the original on 4 September 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  16. ^Warkentin, Elizabeth (30 May 2016)."Life truly is beautiful in Tuscany's underappreciated Arezzo".The Globe and Mail.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2016.Retrieved12 September2016.
  17. ^https://movie-locations /movies/l/Life-Is-Beautiful.php
  18. ^https:// vivoumbria.it/papigno-dalle-fabbriche-inquinanti-a-la-vita-e-bella-e-quel-salto-da-oscar/
  19. ^https://saltaconmigo /blog/2017/11/arezzo-localizaciones-la-vida-es-bella/
  20. ^abcRooney, David (3 January 1998)."Review: 'Life Is Beautiful'".Variety.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2017.Retrieved12 September2016.
  21. ^abc"The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners".oscars.org.Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2015.Retrieved20 October2015.
  22. ^abPiper 2003,p. 11.
  23. ^abMaslin, Janet (23 October 1998)."Giving a Human (and Humorous) Face to Rearing a Boy Under Fascism".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 29 November 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
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  27. ^"Checco Zalone supera Benigni".tgcom24.mediaset.it.Archived fromthe originalon 20 December 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  28. ^"Foreign Language".Box Office Mojo.Archivedfrom the original on 24 July 2010.Retrieved11 September2016.
  29. ^Carver, Benedict; Cox, Dan (21 March 1999)."'Life' shows there's life for foreign pix ".Variety.Retrieved4 September2022.
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  33. ^"Life Is Beautiful".Moviemonitor.
  34. ^Schickel, Richard (9 November 1998)."Cinema: Fascist Fable".Time.ISSN0040-781X.Retrieved7 February2022.
  35. ^Glieberman, Owen (6 November 1998)."Life Is Beautiful".Entertainment Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on 18 November 2016.Retrieved12 September2016.
  36. ^O'Sullivan, Michael (30 October 1998)."'Life's' Surprisingly Graceful Turn'".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  37. ^"Life Is Beautiful".Common Sense Media.24 August 2009.
  38. ^abTuran, Kenneth (23 October 1998)."The Improbable Success of 'Life Is Beautiful'".The Los Angeles Times.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2017.Retrieved12 September2016.
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  40. ^Brooks, Mel (16 March 2006)."SPIEGEL Interview with Mel Brooks: With Comedy, We Can Rob Hitler of his Posthumous Power".Spiegel Online.Archivedfrom the original on 10 June 2017.Retrieved3 June2017.
  41. ^MacKay, John; Kertész, Imre (1 April 2001)."Who Owns Auschwitz?".The Yale Journal of Criticism.14(1): 267–272.doi:10.1353/yale.2001.0010.ISSN1080-6636.S2CID145532698.
  42. ^Niv, Ḳobi (2003).Life is beautiful, but not for Jews: another view of the film by Benigni(1st ed.). Landham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.ISBN0-8108-4875-9.OCLC52312653.
  43. ^Klein, Ilona (2010).""Life Is Beautiful, Or Is It?" Asked Jakob the Liar ".Brigham Young University Scholars Archive Faculty Publications.3836:16–31 – via BYU ScholarsArchive.
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  45. ^"Life Is Beautiful".Internet Movie Firearms Database.4 May 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 1 June 2023.Retrieved9 March2024.
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  47. ^ab"La vita è bella".festival-cannes.Archivedfrom the original on 18 January 2012.Retrieved1 October2009.
  48. ^Higgins, Bill (24 February 2012)."How 'Life Is Beautiful's' Roberto Benigni Stole the Oscars Show in 1999".The Hollywood Reporter.Archivedfrom the original on 12 October 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  49. ^"1999 Winners & Nominees".AACTA.org.Archivedfrom the original on 16 November 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  50. ^Lister, David (11 April 1999)."Good night at Baftas for anyone called Elizabeth".The Independent.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2017.Retrieved11 September2016.
  51. ^"César du Meilleur film étranger – César".AlloCiné.Archivedfrom the original on 18 September 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  52. ^Clinton, Paul (26 January 1999)."Broadcast Film critics name 'Saving Private Ryan' best film".CNN.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2017.Retrieved11 September2016.
  53. ^"La vita è bella – Premi vinti: 9".David di Donatello.Archived fromthe originalon 10 November 2016.Retrieved11 September2016.
  54. ^"European Film Awards Winners 1998".European Film Academy.Archivedfrom the original on 12 October 2017.Retrieved11 September2016.
  55. ^Madigan, Nick (7 March 1999)."SAG tells Benigni 'Life' is beautiful".Variety.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2017.Retrieved11 September2016.

Bibliography

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  • Bullaro, Grace Russo (2005).Beyond "Life is Beautiful": Comedy and Tragedy in the Cinema of Roberto Benigni.Troubador Publishing Ltd.ISBN1-904744-83-4.
  • Norden, Martin F., ed. (2007).The Changing Face of Evil in Film and Television.Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi.ISBN978-9042023246.
  • Perren, Alisa (2012).Indie, Inc.: Miramax and the Transformation of Hollywood in the 1990s.University of Texas Press.
  • Piper, Kerrie (2003).Life is Beautiful.Pascal Press.ISBN1741250307.
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