There are localized concentrations ofItalian Americansin many metropolitan areas of the United States, especially in the industrial cities of theNortheastandMidwest,as well as certain cities inCalifornia.Today, the state ofNew Yorkhas the largest population of Italian-Americans, whileRhode IslandandConnecticuthave the highest overall percentages in relation to their respective populations.
In contrast, most of the rest of the country (exceptions beingSouth FloridaandNew Orleans) have fewer Italian-American concentrations.
According to a recent United Census Bureau estimate, 17.8 million Americans are ofItaliandescent.[1]Communities of Italian Americans were established in many major industrial cities of the early 20th century, such asBaltimore(particularlyLittle Italy, Baltimore),Boston(particularly in theNorth EndandEast Boston) along with numerous nearby cities and towns,Philadelphiaproper (particularlySouth Philadelphia) and thePhiladelphia metro area(particularly neighborhoods inDelco,Atlantic City,Little Italy, Wilmington;andVineland),Pittsburgh(particularlyBloomfield),Northeastern Pennsylvaniacities,Lehigh Valleycities,Detroit,Providence(particularlyFederal Hill),St. Louis(particularlyThe Hill),Chicago,Kansas City,Milwaukee,Youngstown,Erie,Cleveland,Buffalo,Newark,andNew York City,which boasts the largest Italian-American population, which live in several concentrated communities in theNew York metropolitan area,including the five boroughs,Long Island,Westchester County,Fairfield CountyandNorth Jersey.New Orleans,Louisianawas the first site of immigration of Italians into America in the 19th century, beforeItalywas a unified nation-state. This was beforeNew York Harborand Baltimore became the preferred destinations for Italian immigrants.
Alabama
edit- Daphne– Prior to the 1978 annexation of the Lake Forest subdivision, Daphne was a heavily Italian community, and pre-1978 Daphne territory remains Italian, with street names such as Guarisco. TheArchdiocese of Mobileconsiders Christ the King Parish in Daphne an Italian-American parish.
Arizona
edit- NorthPhoenix
- Scottsdalehas an Italian community
Arkansas
edit- Lake Village,a farming community in southeastern Arkansas, enticed a number of families from northern Italy to become sharecroppers in the 1890s. Following a harsh and deadly winter, about half the families left and establishedTontitown,west ofFayetteville, Arkansas[2]inBenton/Washingtoncounties.
- Little Italy in unincorporated northernPulaski CountynearLittle Rock.
California
editNorthern California
edit- Cotati– Italian community in the area's grape-growing industry.[3]
- Excelsior District,San Francisco– Italian-American Social Club is on Russia St., and Calabria Brothers Deli is around the corner on Mission Street.[4]
- Fresnoand some Italian descendants in portions of theSan Joaquin Valley(i.e.Kern Countywith its grape industry).[5]
- Gilroy– Italian community in the area's grape-growing industry.[6]
- "Italian Colony",Oakland.[7]
- Marin County(Albert Park, San Rafael).[8]
- Napa– Little Italy is the East Napa historic neighborhoods of First-Juarez-Third Streets and Alta Heights. TheNapa Valleywine industry owes its heritage to Italian vintners.[9]
- North Beach,San Francisco– baseball legendJoe DiMaggiogrew up here. The Italian Heritage Parade (formerly the Columbus Day Parade) is the oldest in the U.S. and one of the largest. North Beach is also the home of City Lights Books, which helped to give birth to the Beats literary movement.[10]
- Sacramentometro area – descendants of the 1849 California Gold Rush.[9]In December 2021, 49th to 59th streets and J Street to Folsom Boulevard ofEast Sacramentowas designated as "Little Italy". The neighborhood historically had many Italian immigrants in the early 1900s, with businesses about, with lesser in number today.[11]
- San Jose– San Jose's old Italian neighborhoods are Goose Town, North San Jose and the River Street/San Pedro Neighborhood. Each of these neighborhoods consisted of an Italian Church built by the Italian American community. The River Street Neighborhood is currently being revitalized and is now referred to asLittle Italy San Jose.This neighborhood is located adjacent to the SAP Center and is anchored by a Gateway Arch and Italian Cultural Center & Museum and has several authentic Italian businesses.[12]
- Santa Cruz County– CA coastal county.[13]
- Sonoma County–theItalian SwissColony coop founded in the 1880s by Andrea Sbarbaro fromSwitzerland.
- Spaghetti Hill,Monterey– birthplace of former Secretary of DefenseLeon Panetta.TheSalinas Valleyalso has many Italian descendants.[9]
- South San Francisco– sizable Italian community.[14]
- Stockton– descendants of the 1849 California Gold Rush.[15]
- Temescal, Oaklandwas thriving with Italian immigrants since the 1960s.[7]
Southern California
edit- Altadena/Pasadena– once had a Little Italy. NearbyArcadiaandMonroviais where the area's Italian community moved to.[16]
- Beaumont– grape industry.
- Camarillo– wine and grape industry.
- Desert Ridge/Sun City Shadow Hills,Indio.
- Fontana– wine and grape industry.
- Highland.
- Los Angeles
- Downtown Los Angeles(Fashion District), Italian community currently located around S Los Angeles Blvd.
- FormerlyLincoln Heights, Los Angeles(East Los Angeles (region)) which had a Little Italy, before they relocated to nearbyAlhambraandMontebello.[17]Casa Italiana, further n on N Broadway, near Solono Canyon is a historical hall of Italian heritage.
- Italian American Museum of Los Angeles[18][19][20]
- Via Italia,San Pedro[21]
- Long Beachhas a community, among others in LA metro area.[22]
- TheCoachella Valley[23]– Order of Sons of Italy America has a group there.
- Palm Springshas a neighborhood known as Little Tuscany, and the neighborhoods of Las Palmas and the Movie Colony.[24]
- San Diego–Little Italy[25]also inPoint Loma.[26]
- Ventura/Oxnard.
Colorado
edit- Denver– "Little Italy" has its roots in the Highlands neighborhood of North Denver. Italian miners, railroad workers and farmers developed Colorado in the late 19th century, and northern Italians are well represented. And South Denver along with Cherry Creek has a number of Italian-Americans.
- Pueblo– Hundreds of Sicilians, particularly, settled in Pueblo at the turn of the 20th century. They have influenced the culture of the city powerfully.
- Trinidad– retirement community in the Sunbelt region of the US typically have many elderly Italian-Americans from the east coast.
Connecticut
edit19.3% of Connecticut's population claims Italian ancestry, making it the second most Italian state in the U.S. after Rhode Island.
- Beacon Falls
- Berlin
- Bridgeport
- Bristol
- Chesire
- Cos Cob
- Danbury
- Derby
- East Haven(43% of residents claim Italian ancestry)
- Fair Haven
- Guilford
- Hamden
- Hartford
- Franklin Avenue, known as Little Italy of Hartford
- Madison
- Meriden
- Middlebury
- Middletown
- Large Sicilian population
- Milford
- Naugatuck
- New Haven
- Wooster Square(Little Italy of New Haven) – home ofFrank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana,Sally's Apizza,and a vast number of other purveyors ofApizza
- North Branford
- North Haven
- Norwalk
- Orange
- Oxford
- Prospect
- Seymour
- Southbury
- Southington
- Stamford
- Torrington
- Waterbury
- West Haven
Delaware
edit- Little Italy, Wilmington
- Shawtown,New Castle
Florida
edit- Fort Lauderdale– Little Italy Neighborhood Oakland & A1A near Galt Ocean Mile.[27]
- Miami[28]
- Boca Raton
- Naples
- Pompano Beach
- Port St. Lucie
- Tampa/Ybor City
Illinois
edit- Chicago:
- Berwyn[31]
- Chicago Heights[32]
- East Brooklyn
- Elmwood Park[33]
- Franklin Park
- Herrin[34]
- Melrose Park[35]
- Norridge[36]
- Peoria
- River Grove
- Rockford
- Rosemont
- Schiller Park
- South Wilmington
Indiana
editLouisiana
edit- Independence– 30.7% Italian American
- Kenner
- Marrero
- New Orleans
- French Quarternicknamed "Little Palermo"
- Metairie
Maine
edit- India Street,Portland
- Munjoy Hill,Portland(mostly historical)
Maryland
editMassachusetts
edit- Boston:
- East Boston(Orient Heights)
- Hyde Park(Readville)
- North End(Little Italy of Boston)
- Brockton– birthplace of bo xing champRocky Marciano
- East Cambridge
- Everett
- Framingham
- Gloucester
- Holyoke (Oakdale)
- Lawrence
- Leominster
- Lowell
- Lynn
- Medford
- Melrose
- Milford
- Newton:
- Northampton, Massachusetts
- Revere, Massachusetts
- Saugus
- Somerville
- South QuincyinQuincy
- Springfield (South-End)
- Taunton
- Waltham
- West Springfield, Massachusetts
- Worcester– Shrewsbury Street
Michigan
edit- Caspian
- Clinton Township, Macomb County
- Deerton
- Detroit(Eastern Marketis sometimes referred to as Detroit's "Little Italy" and has fewer Italian-Americans and Italian residents than it did in the early 1900s, but some Italian stores and businesses in the area; East Detroit generally had a higher proportion of Italian immigrants and Italian-Americans)
- Gaastra
- Loretto
- Macomb
- Norway
- Saint Clair Shores(certain areas)
Minnesota
editMississippi
editMissouri
edit- The Hill,Saint Louis– Three famous baseball figures—Yogi Berra,Harry CarayandJoe Garagiola—grew up here.
- Kansas City– The northeast side is a "Little Italy" neighborhood called Columbus Park, known for its Italian culture.
Nebraska
editNevada
editNew Hampshire
editNew Jersey
editNew Jersey municipalities with over 25% of the population identifying themselves as of Italian ancestry (in those municipalities where at least 1,000 residents identified their ancestry):[40]
- Fairfield– 50.3% (highest percentage for a town in the United States)
- Hammonton– 45.9% (second highest percentage for a town in the United States)
- Dover Beaches South– 42.8%
- East Hanover– 41.3%
- Totowa– 37.7%
- South Hackensack– 36.3%
- Nutley– 36.0%
- Woodland Park(formerly West Paterson) – 34.3%
- Moonachie– 34.1%
- Lyndhurst– 33.8%
- Buena– 33.5%
- Lodi– 33.3%
- Rutherford– 33.2%
- Ocean Gate– 32.5%
- Carlstadt– 31.2%
- Hasbrouck Heights– 30.8%
- West Long Branch– 30.5%
- Netcong– 30.1%
- Gibbstown– 30.1%
- Raritan– 30.1%
- Newfield– 29.8%
- Saddle Brook– 29.8%
- Cedar Grove– 29.7%
- Greenwich Township– 29.3%
- Glendora– 28.7%
- Belleville– 28.7%
- Little Falls– 28.6%
- Wayne– 28.4%
- Kenilworth– 28.0%
- Oceanport– 27.7%
- Lavallette– 27.7%
- North Arlington– 27.4%
- Longport– 27.3%
- Folsom– 27.3%
- Hawthorne– 26.5%
- Bloomfield– 26.4%
- Rochelle Park– 26.1%
- Washington Township– 25.9%
- Mystic Island– 25.9%
- Seaside Heights– 25.7%
- Blackwood– 25.5%
- Belford– 25.3%
- Riverdale– 25.1%
- East Rutherford– 25.1%
- Other places in New Jersey
- Asbury Park
- Atlantic City
- Bayonne(20.1% Italian American)
- Camden
- Clifton
- Elizabeth
- Peterstown neighborhood was densely populated with about 90% Italian-Americans. It became less populated with Italians towards the late 1970s.
- Freehold Township(22.0% Italian-American)
- Garfield
- Hackensack
- Hoboken– Four popular Italian-American celebrities—Frank Sinatra,Buddy Valastro,Jimmy RoselliandJoe Pantoliano—grew up here.
- Howell Township(23.8% Italian-American)
- Jersey City,particularlyThe Village
- Kearny
- Manalapan
- Margate
- Neptune City
- Newark
- Ironbound,in the Italian Down Neck section. However, it has become less populated by Italian Americans since the 1970s.
- Seventh Avenue
- Orange
- Long Hill
- Paramus
- Paterson
Paterson used to have the largest Italian percentage of any NJ city.
- Rockaway
- Rutherford
- Sea Isle City
- Fish Alley
- Secaucus
- Toms River(22.6% Italian American)
- Trenton
- Ventnor City(22.8% Italian American)
- Verona
- Vineland(22.8% Italian American)
- West New York
- WildwoodandThe Wildwoods
New York
editThe state ofNew Yorkhas the largest population of Italian Americans, at 3.1 million people. The majority ofItalian Americans in New York Cityoriginated from southern parts of Italy.
New York City
editNew York City is home to the largest Italian-American population in North America and third largest Italian population outside of Italy, according to the 2000 census. See alsoItalians in New York Cityfor more info.
- The Bronx
- Arthur Avenue(Little Italy of the Bronx)
- Belmont
- East Bronx
- Morris Park
- Pelham Bay
- Throggs Neck
- Country Club
- Brooklyn
- Bath Beach
- Bay Ridge
- Bensonhurst(Little Italy of Brooklyn)
- Bergen Beach
- Carroll Gardens
- Cobble Hill
- Dyker Heights
- Sections of Williamsburg
- Sections ofCanarsie
- Sections ofGravesend
- Sections ofMarine Park
- Sections ofMill Basin
- Sections ofSheepshead Bay
- Sections ofRed HookandGowanus
- Sections ofConey Island
- HistoricalSouth Brooklyn,especially in the parts of Cobble Hill, South Slope,and Boeurm Hill.
- Historically and still currently to a lesser extent, significant populations in parts ofGreenpoint,East New York,Ocean Hill,Brownsville,Bushwick,Flatbush,andEast Flatbush[41][42]
- Manhattan
- Italian Harlem
- Little Italy– now engulfed by expanded Chinatown.[43]
- Historically, there have been significant populations in much of theLower East Side,sections ofGreenwich Village(especially south ofWashington Square Park), and sections ofHell's Kitchen.
- Queens
- Astoria
- Corona Heights
- Forest Hills
- Howard Beach
- Ozone Park(Little Italy of Queens)
- Middle Village
- Whitestone
- Ridgewood
- Sections ofRockaway Beach
- Staten Island– The borough has the highest proportion of Italian Americans of any county in the United States and North America. Over 200,000 residents claim Italian heritage (55%).
Long Island
editLong Islandhas a large Italian-American population.[44]
- Nassau County
- Bellerose
- Bellmore
- Bethpage
- Carle Place
- East Rockaway
- Farmingdale
- Floral Park
- Franklin Square
- Glen Cove
- Hempstead
- Inwood
- Levittown
- Long Beach
- Lynbrook
- Massapequa
- Massapequa Park(45% Italian-American)
- Mineola
- New Hyde Park
- North Massapequa(47% Italian-American)
- Oceanside
- Valley Stream
- Westbury
- Suffolk County
Westchester County
edit- Eastchester
- Tuckahoe
- Harrison
- Downtown Harrison
- West Harrison(also known as East White Plains)
- Mount Pleasant
- Mamaroneck
- Harbor Heights
- Mount Vernon
- North Side
- New Rochelle
- Downtown New Rochelle
- White Plains
- Yonkers
- Nepperhan
- Bryn Mawr
- Dunwoodie
- Port Chester
- Southwest near I-287
- Northeast near Rye Brook
- Yorktown
Yorktown in Westchester County has the annual feast of San Gennaro.[45]
Rockland County
editUpstate New York
edit- Albany– the South End neighborhood
- Amsterdam
- Auburn
- Binghamton
- Buffalo– the city's north side; however, they are scattered all across Buffalo, including a once high concentration on the city's West Side
- Canandaigua
- Canastota
- Carmel
- Chili
- Cicero
- Cortland
- Endicott– The north side of the village is Little Italy.
- Frankfort
- Fulton
- Gates– Little Italy of Rochester
- Geneva
- Gloversville
- Greece
- Herkimer
- Jamestown
- Kenmore
- Kingston
- Lockport
- Lyncourt
- Mahopac
- Middletown
- Monroe
- Newburgh
- Niagara Falls
- North Syracuse
- Oswego
- Poughkeepsie– primarily theMount Carmel District
- Rochester– West Side – Gates (the Little Italy of upstate New York)
- Rome– 30.2% Italian-American
- Rotterdam
- Schenectady
- Solvay
- Syracuse
- Eastwood
- Little Italy– on the city's North Side
- Troy–Hillary Clintonhas proposed a "Little Italy" section in the city.
- Utica– 28% Italian-American, concentrated in East Utica
- Watertown
North Carolina
editOhio
editOklahoma
edit- Krebs, Oklahoma
- McAlester[52]in historicChoctaw Nation.
- Muskogee
Oregon
edit- Portlandonce had a "Little Italy" neighborhood.
Pennsylvania
edit- Sections ofAliquippa
- Sections ofAltoona– Little Italy and Gospel Hill
- Sections ofAmbler
- Sections ofAmbridge
- Sections ofArnold
- Sections ofBangor
- Sections ofBraddock
- Sections ofBridgeville
- Sections ofBrockway
- Sections ofCanonsburg– birthplace of singerPerry Como.[53]
- Sections ofClairton
- Sections ofClifton Heights
- Sections ofCoatesville
- Sections ofCollingdale
- Sections ofConshohocken
- Sections ofCoraopolis
- Sections ofDarby
- Sections ofDowningtown
- Sections ofDrexel Hill
- Sections ofDunmore
- Sections ofEaston
- Ellwood City
- Erie
- Farrell
- Sections ofFolcroft
- Sections ofGlenolden
- Harmony Township
- Sections ofHazleton
- Homewood
- Hopewell Township
- Jessup
- Kennedy Township
- Koppel
- Sections ofLansdale/North Walesin theNorth Penn Valley[54][55]
- Midland
- New Castle(Mahoningtown)
- New Galilee
- New Kensington
- Sections ofNorristown
- Old Forge– 34% of the population[56]
- Penn Hills Township
- Philadelphia– home to the second-largest Italian-American population in the United States, according to the 2000 census
- Overbrook/West Philadelphia
- South Philadelphia– largely Italian
- Areas ofKensington
- Sections ofNortheast Philadelphia
- Sections ofSouthwest Philadelphia
- Areas ofWest Kensington
- Pittsburgh
- Sections ofPittston
- Sections of thePoconosregion.
- Rankin
- Sections ofRidley Township
- Roseto– 41.8% of the population
- Sections ofScranton
- Sewickley
- Sharpsburg
- Stowe Township
- Sections ofUpland
- Sections ofUpper Darby Township
- Washington
- Sections ofWilkes-Barre
Rhode Island
edit19% ofRhode Islandresidents are Italian American, the greatest percentage of any state. 199,180 of Rhode Island's population of 1,048,319 claim Italian ancestry.
- Barrington
- Bristol
- Cranston(25% Italian American)
- Johnston(53% Italian American)
- North Providence(43% Italian American)
- Providence:
- Charles- Traditionally
- Federal Hill(Little Italy of Providence)
- Silver Lake- Traditionally
- Warwick
- West Warwick
- Westerly(30% Italian American)
Texas
editUtah
edit- Utah Italians– an article about Italian Americans in Utah, including converts toMormonism,Waldensesfrom Lombardy and Italo-Protestants.The state's largest concentration in Sugarhouse district,Salt Lake Cityfacing nearbySouth Salt Lake.[57]19th century Italian immigration inOgden-Weber County.[58]
Washington
editWest Virginia
editApproximately 11% of the combined population of "Mountaineer Country", collectively the north central West Virginia cities of Clarksburg, Fairmont and Morgantown, claim Italian ancestry, mostly from Italian immigrants recruited to work in mining and glass manufacturing.[59]
Wisconsin
edit- Greenbush neighborhood ofMadison– historically heavily Italian, but older Italians are dying off and younger ones have moved to the suburbs
- Historic Third Ward, Milwaukee
- Cableand other small towns in northern Wisconsin
- Racine
- Kenoshahas the largest Italian community in the state.
References
edit- ^Bureau, U.S. Census."American FactFinder - Results".factfinder.census.gov.Archived fromthe originalon February 12, 2020.RetrievedMarch 31,2010.
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- ^"We The Italians | Crazy about accordions in Cotati".
- ^"Italian Americans in California: Introduction".
- ^"THE PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES OF THE 19TH CENTURY CENTRAL VALLEY - Italian Immigrants".RetrievedJune 27,2023.
- ^"Family friendly Casa de Fruta is a treasure".RetrievedJune 27,2023.
- ^ab"Italian American - Oakland - LocalWiki".
- ^"History: Italian-Americans Maintain Gardens in Albert Park".April 5, 2012.
- ^abc"Italian roots, California, Italian American".Archived fromthe originalon March 27, 2015.
- ^"Last of the old-time Italians in North Beach".January 25, 2015.
- ^"East Sacramento Little Italy".ABC10.December 2021.
- ^"LITTLE ITALY SAN JOSE BUSINESS DISTRICT".littleitalysj.
- ^"A Tale of Two Immigrants".RetrievedJune 27,2023.
- ^"SSF Italian American Citizens Club Continues 100 Years Anniversary Celebrations".August 4, 2016.
- ^"California Italian American Project: Stockton, California".
- ^"Little Italy, Monrovia, CA neighborhood | Nextdoor".
- ^"Italian-Americans unearthing the lost history of LA's Little Italy".May 16, 2016.
- ^"St. Peter's Italian Church".stpeteritalianchurchla.org.
- ^"Italian Catholics".italianlosangeles.org.
- ^"About - Italian American Museum of Los Angeles".italianhall.org.
- ^"Pan-Italian Clubs – Italian Los Angeles".
- ^"The 50 U.S. cities with the most Italian Americans - The National Italian American Foundation".niaf.org.Archived fromthe originalon January 7, 2015.
- ^"Dolly Sinatra Lodge #2400 – OSIA – We're Proud to be Italian-Americans!".
- ^"Gangsters in Paradise".
- ^"Little Italy Association of San Diego".littleitalysd.
- ^"Italians in San Diego – Italian expats in San Diego".
- ^"Little Italy Neighborhood - Fort Lauderdale, FL".
- ^"Miami Florida Italian Community - Italianos in Miami".
- ^"Armour Square".encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.
- ^"HOME-Taylorstreetarchives".Taylor Street Archives.Archived fromthe originalon December 28, 2018.RetrievedJuly 12,2012.
- ^"A brief history of Berwyn".RetrievedJune 28,2023.
- ^"Chicago Heights, Illinois".RetrievedJune 28,2023.
- ^"And They Came To Chicago - An Italian American History".italiansofchicago.
- ^"Herrin's Italian Heritage".RetrievedJune 28,2023.
- ^"Melrose Park, IL".encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.
- ^"Little Italy - The Chicago Neighborhoods".thechicagoneighborhoods.
- ^"Holy Rosary Neighborhood".Archived fromthe originalon May 17, 2014.RetrievedMarch 3,2020.
- ^"Take A Trip To Nevada's Very Own Little Italy For A Day Of Delicious Eating".
- ^Cresta, Joey (October 2, 2011)."Italians fear history of city's North End may fade away".Seacoastonline.RetrievedMarch 31,2024.
- ^Italian CommunitiesArchivedMay 12, 2007, at theWayback Machine,accessed November 11, 2006
- ^"Welcome to 1940s New York: NYC neighborhood profiles from 1943, based on the 1940 Census".1940snewyork.
- ^"DocumentCloud".
- ^Roberts, Sam (February 22, 2011)."In New York's Little Italy, Fewer and Fewer Italians - The New York Times".The New York Times.
- ^"Long Island Italians by Salvatore J. LaGumina | Arcadia Publishing Books".
- ^"Yorktown Feast of San Gennaro | Town of Yorktown New York".Archived fromthe originalon November 1, 2020.
- ^"Italians".May 11, 2018.
- ^"About".Cleveland Little Italy. March 21, 2010.RetrievedOctober 29,2011.
- ^Bureau, U.S. Census."American FactFinder - Results".factfinder2.census.gov.Archived fromthe originalon February 12, 2020.
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has generic name (help) - ^Bureau, U.S. Census."American FactFinder - Results".factfinder2.census.gov.Archived fromthe originalon February 12, 2020.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^"South Euclid, Ohio (OH 44121) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, news, sex offenders".city-data.
- ^Trolio, Tony (2004).Brier Hill, USA: The Sequel.Poland, OH: Ciao Promotions.
- ^"Oklahoma's Little Italy".TravelOK - Oklahoma's Official Travel & Tourism Site.
- ^"Canonsburg, PA - Singing Statue of Perry Como".
- ^"Lansdale Author Pens Memoir Detailing Childhood Pranks on Newspaper in Olney Section of Philadelphia".RetrievedJune 28,2023.
- ^"COMMUNITY CALENDAR".RetrievedJune 28,2023.
- ^"Old Forge - Old Forge - Ancestry & family history - ePodunk".epodunk.
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- ^"MOUNTAINEER COUNTRY".wvculture.org.
Further reading
edit- Gabaccia, Donna R. "Inventing “Little Italy”Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era6.1 (2007): 7-41.
- Gabaccia, Donna R. "Global geography of ‘Little Italy’: Italian neighbourhoods in comparative perspective."Modern Italy11.1 (2006): 9-24.online
- Garroni, Maria Susanna. "Interpreting Little Italies: Ethnicity as an Accident of Geography" in William J. Connell, and Stanislao Pugliese, eds.,The Routledge History of Italian Americans(2018) pp. 163–178.
- Tirabass, Maddalena. "The Little Italies of the early 1900s: From the Reports of Amy Bernardy" in William J. Connell, and Stanislao Pugliese, eds.,The Routledge History of Italian Americans(2018) pp. 152–162.