Turkey,officially theRepublic of Turkeyis atranscontinentalpresidential republicinEurasia,mainly on theAnatolian peninsulainWestern Asia,with asmaller portionon theBalkan peninsulainSoutheast Europe.Turkey is ademocratic,secular,unitary,constitutional republicwith adiverse cultural heritage.[1][2]As of July 2024, there are 2.439,859 registered companies based in the country.[3]
The country has anemerging marketeconomy as defined by theIMF.[4]Turkey is among the world's developed countries according to theCIAWorld Factbook.[5]Turkey is also defined by economists and political scientists as one of the world'snewly industrialized countries.Turkey has the world's17th largest nominal GDP,and11th largest GDP by PPP.The country is among the world's leading producers of agricultural products; textiles; motor vehicles, ships and other transportation equipment; construction materials; consumer electronics and home appliances.[citation needed]
For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see "Business entities in Turkey".
Largest firms
editThe list shows firms ranked in theForbes Global 2000by total revenues reported as of 2024.[6]
| Rank | Image | Name | 2024 Revenues (USD) | Employees | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309 | 
|
Koç Holding | $67,4B | 123,970 | Diverse industrial conglomerate controlled by third-generation members of theKoç family.Subsidiaries includeArçelik,Divan Group,TofaşandYapı Kredi. |
| 525 | 
|
İşbank | $17,6B | 21,167 | Established byMustafa Kemal Atatürkin 1924 to be the first national bank of Turkey, it is the largest and operates in 11 countries. 28% of its shares are still held by theRepublican People's Party. |
| 676 | 
|
Turkish Airlines | $21,2B | 40,264 | State-owned airline capitalized in 1956 and is the world's largest airline by amount of countries served, and 9th largest by revenue. Subsidiaries includeA Jet,SunExpressandAir Albania. |
| 666 | Akbank | $14,7B | 12,860 | Subsidiary ofSabancı Holding. | |
| 759 | 
|
Vakıfbank | $16,3B | 18,579 | Owned byTurkey Wealth Fund,Vakıfbank is a state enterprise and is the second-largest bank in Turkey in terms of total assets held. It also operates in the United States, Qatar, Iraq, Qatar, and Austria. |
| 878 | 
|
Sabancı Holding | $23,1B | 62,853 | Subsidiaries includeAkbank,TEMSAandEnerjisa |
| 893 | Ford Otosan | $17,3B | 23,701 | Global vehicle manufacturer equally owned byKoç HoldingandFord Motor Company.It acquiredFord Romaniain 2022. | |
| 957 | Halkbank | $15,8B | 18,967 | ||
| 1446 | BİM | $13,8B | 86,647 | Retaildiscount marketgroup that operates in Turkey, Morocco and Egypt. |
Notable firms
editThis list includes notablecompanieswith primaryheadquarterslocated in the country. The industry and sector follow theIndustry Classification Benchmarktaxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
Active firms
State-owned firms
Defunct firms
| Name | Industry | Sector | Headquarters | Founded | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akbank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1948 | Banking, part ofSabancı Holding |
| Aksa | Basic materials | Chemicals | Yalova | 1968 | Chemicals |
| Alarko Holding | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1954 | Construction and mechanical industries |
| Anadolu Isuzu | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Istanbul | 1984 | Automotive, part ofIsuzu(Japan) |
| Arçelik | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1955 | Home appliances, part ofKoç Holding |
| Arkem | Basic materials | Chemicals | Istanbul | 1991 | Chemicals |
| Assan | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Istanbul | 1994 | Automotive, owned byHyundai Motor Company |
| Aselsan | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Ankara | 1975 | Defense electronic systems |
| Askam | Industrials | Industrial engineering | Istanbul | 1964 | Commercial trucks, defunct 2015 |
| Avea | Telecommunications | Mobile telecommunications | Istanbul | 2004 | Mobile phone operation, part ofTürk Telekom |
| Aygaz | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Istanbul | 1961 | Propane gas, part ofKoç Holding |
| Banvit | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Bandırma | 1968 | Poultry |
| Basak Traktor | Industrials | Industrial engineering | Adapazarı | 1914 | Tractors |
| Baykar | Industrials | Defence | Istanbul | 1984 | UAV |
| Beko | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1967 | Home electronics, part ofKoç Holding |
| BİM | Consumer goods | Retail | Istanbul | 1995 | Grocery |
| BMC | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | İzmir | 1964 | Automotive |
| Borusan Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1944 | Conglomerate: Steel, energy, logistics |
| BOTAŞ | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Ankara | 1974 | State-owned oil/energy |
| Çalık Enerji | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Istanbul | 1998 | Energy |
| Canovate | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1965 | Electrical equipment |
| Cengiz Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul[7] | 1980 | |
| Çiçeksepeti | Consumer goods | Retail | Istanbul | 2006 | online retailer: food, flowers |
| Ciner Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1978 | Energy, media, commerce |
| Çukurova Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1923 | Construction, media, telecommunications |
| DenizBank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1938 | Private bank, part ofSberbank(Russia) |
| Dilek Ecza Deposu | Health care | Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology | Antalya | 1991 | Pharmaceutical distribution |
| Doğan Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1980 | Energy, media |
| Doğtaş | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Biga | 1972 | Furniture |
| Doğuş Group | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1951 | Highly diversified conglomerate |
| Eczacıbaşı | Health care | Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology | Istanbul | 1942 | Pharmaceuticals |
| Efes Beverage Group | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Istanbul | 1969 | Brewery |
| Elektrik Üretim | Utilities | Electricity | Ankara | 2001 | Energy |
| Enerco Energy | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Istanbul | 2004 | Natural gas |
| Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1957 | Construction |
| Erdem Architects | Industrials | Support services | Ankara | 1998 | Architects |
| Erdemir | Basic materials | Basic resources | Karadeniz Ereğli | 1967 | Iron and steel |
| Erkunt Group | Industrials | Industrial engineering | Ankara | 1953 | Tractors |
| Estap | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1989 | Electronics |
| Eti Maden | Industrials | Mining | Ankara | 1993 | Mining |
| EUROTAI | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Ankara | 1997 | Helicopters, joint withAirbus HelicoptersandTAI |
| Eurotem | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Istanbul | 2006 | Trains, joint withHyundai Rotem(South Korea) |
| EÜAŞ | Utilities | Electricity | Ankara | 2001 | Electric power |
| Fibabanka | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 2010 | Private bank |
| Finansbank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1987 | Banking, part of theQNB Group(Qatar) |
| GAMA Endustri | Industrials | Construction & materials | Ankara[8] | 1970 | Construction |
| Garanti Bank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1946 | Private bank |
| Goldas | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1993 | Jewelry |
| Gülermak | Industrials | Rail transportation | Ankara | 1958 | Construction |
| Halk Bankasi | Financials | Banks | Ankara | 1938 | State-owned Banking |
| HAVELSAN | Software | Defence | Ankara | 1982 | Government owned company |
| Hidromek | Industrials | Heavy Equipment | Ankara | 1978 | Construction |
| Hunca Cosmetics | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1957 | Cosmetics |
| Inebolu Shipyard | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | İnebolu | 2008 | Shipbuilding |
| Isdemir | Basic materials | Basic resources | İskenderun | 1970 | Steel |
| Istanbul | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1980 | Musical instruments |
| Istanbul Metro | Consumer services | Transportation | Istanbul | 1989 | Metro |
| Kalyon Group | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1974 | Construction |
| KardemirKarabük Demir Çelik Fabrikalari A.S. | Basic materials | Basic resources | Karabük | 1937 | Iron and steel |
| Karsan | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Bursa | 1966 | Automotive |
| Kayi Construction | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1991 | Construction |
| Kimetsan | Basic materials | Chemicals | Ankara | 1986 | Chemicals |
| Koç Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1926 | Energy, consumer goods, industrials, financials |
| Koton | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1988 | Clothing |
| Limak Holding | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1976 | Construction |
| Mako Elektrik | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Bursa | 1970 | Automotive |
| Mavi Jeans | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1991 | Clothing |
| Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Ankara | 1950 | Military |
| Migros Türk | Consumer services | Retail | Istanbul | 1975 | Supermarket, part ofKoç Holding |
| Nurol Holding | Industrials | Construction & materials | Ankara | 1989 | Construction |
| Omsan | Industrials | Support services | Istanbul | 1978 | Logistics |
| OPET | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Mersin | 1982 | Oil and gas, part ofKoç Holding |
| Otokar | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Sakarya | 1963 | Automotive, part ofKoç Holding |
| Otosan | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Gölcük | 1959 | Automotive, part ofKoç Holding |
| Oyak-Renault | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Bursa | 1969 | Automotive |
| Ozaltin | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Adana | 2000 | Automotive |
| Pancar Motor | Industrials | Industrial engineering | Konya | 1956 | Diesel engines |
| Petkim | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | İzmir | 1965 | Petrochemical |
| Petrol Ofisi | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Istanbul | 1941 | Oil and gas |
| Polimeks | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1995 | Construction |
| Poliya | Basic materials | Chemicals | Istanbul | 1983 | Composites and chemicals |
| PTT | Industrials | Postal service | Ankara | 1840 | State-owned |
| Roketsan | Industrials | Defence | Ankara | 1988 | Missile manufacturer |
| Sabancı Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1926 | Financials, energy, retail |
| Sahinler Holding | Industrials | General industrials | Istanbul | 1984 | Textile |
| Salcano | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1975 | Bicycle |
| Şekerbank | Financials | Banks | Eskişehir | 1953 | Banking |
| Şişecam | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1935 | Glass manufacturing |
| Solimpeks | Oil & gas | Alternative energy | Konya | 2001 | Renewable energy |
| STFA Group | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1938 | Civil engineering and construction |
| Tabanlioglu Architects | Industrials | Support services | Istanbul | 1956 | Architects |
| TAV Airports Holding | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Istanbul | 1997 | Airport |
| TCDD | Industrials | Railroads | Ankara | 1929 | State-owned |
| TCDD Taşımacılık | Industrials | Transportation services | Ankara | 2016 | State-owned |
| Tekel | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Istanbul | 1862 | Tobacco and alcoholic beverages |
| Tekfen | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1956 | Construction |
| Temsa | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Adana | 1968 | Automotive, part ofSabancı Holding |
| Tersan Shipyard | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Yalova | 1990 | Shipbuilding |
| Tofas | Consumer goods | Automobiles & parts | Istanbul | 1968 | Automotive, part ofKoç Holding |
| TÜLOMSAŞ | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Eskişehir | 1894 | Locomotive manufacture |
| Tüpraş | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Kocaeli | 1983 | Oil refining, part ofKoç Holding |
| Türk Telekom | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Ankara | 1839 | State-owned Telecommunication |
| Turkcell | Telecommunications | Mobile telecommunications | Istanbul | 1994 | State-owned Mobile phone operation |
| Turkish Aerospace Industries(TAI) | Industrials | Aerospace & defense | Ankara | 2005 | State-owned Aircraft manufacture |
| Turkish Airlines | Consumer services | Travel & leisure | Istanbul | 1933 | Airline |
| Türkiye Is Bankasi | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1924 | Banking |
| Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı(TPAO) | Oil & gas | Oil & gas producers | Ankara | 1954 | State-owned Oil and gas industry |
| TÜVASAŞ | Industrials | Industrial Transportation | Adapazarı | 1951 | Railcar manufacturer |
| Ugur Cooling | Industrials | General industrials | Aydın | 1954 | Cooling equipment |
| Ugur Group Companies | Conglomerate | - | Aydın | 1954 | Consumer goods, medical |
| Ülker | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Istanbul | 1944 | Food production |
| VakıfBank | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1954 | State-owned Banking |
| Vakko | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Istanbul | 1934 | Clothing |
| Vestel | Consumer goods | Personal & household goods | Manisa | 1984 | Home electronics |
| Vitra | Health care | Health care equipment & services | Istanbul | 1942 | Sanitary goods |
| Yapi Merkezi | Industrials | Construction & materials | Istanbul | 1965 | Construction |
| Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi | Financials | Banks | Istanbul | 1944 | Banking |
| Yüksel Tohumculuk | Consumer goods | Food & beverage | Antalya | 1996 | Seeds, plant breeding |
| Ziraat Bankasi | Financials | Banks | Ankara | 1863 | State-owned banking |
| Zorlu Holding | Conglomerate | - | Istanbul | 1990 | Textiles, electronics |
-
A view ofLevent,one of the main business districts in Istanbul and home to the city's tallest buildings. -
Turkish steel works ofErdemir. -
TheEczacıbaşıoffices inIstanbul.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^"Turkey".The World Factbook. Archived fromthe originalon January 10, 2021.Retrieved9 February2013.
- ^"What really matters about Multiculturalism in Turkey by Rabee Al-Hafidh".todayszaman.Archived fromthe originalon 19 February 2015.Retrieved18 February2015.
- ^"Industry Breakdown of Companies in Turkey".HitHorizons.
- ^"IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook"(PDF).April 2011. p. 173.
- ^"The World Factbook".cia.gov.Archived fromthe originalon June 13, 2007.
- ^SCHIFRIN "," ANDREA MURPHY "," MATT."Forbes 2024 Global 2000 List - The World's Largest Companies Ranked".Forbes.Retrieved2024-12-20.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^"Company Overview of Cengiz Holding A.S."Bloomberg.Retrieved2019-04-01.
- ^"Company Overview of GAMA Endüstri Tesisleri Imalat Ve Montaj A.S."Bloomberg.Retrieved2019-04-01.