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Liu Bao(fl.195–274) was a Five Divisions ofXiongnuleader who lived during the lateEastern Han dynastyandThree Kingdomsperiod of China. His son,Liu Yuan,founded theHan-Zhao dynastyduring theSixteen Kingdomsperiod.
| Liu Bao | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | Lưu Báo | ||
| Simplified Chinese | Lưu Báo | ||
| |||
Life
editAccording to official hustory, Liu Bao was a member of theLuandiclan as the son of the Southern Xiongnu chanyu,Yufuluo.When Yufuluo died in 195, his younger brotherHuchuquaninherited the position of chanyu in accordance with thelateral succession orderand appointed Liu Bao as the Wise Prince of the Left (or Wise Prince of the Right).[1]In 216, Huchuquan travelled toYe(present-dayHandan,Hebei) to receive nominal titles from the Han imperial court and remained in city. The Southern Xiongnu inBing provincewere divided into Five Divisions; they were all placed under the supervision of Huchuquan's uncle,Qubei,and each of the Five Divisions had their own commander, with Liu Bao commanding the Left Division.[2]
During theJiapingera (249–254), Liu Bao unified the Five Divisions, which caught the attention of theCao Weigeneral,Deng Ai.Deng Ai advocated to the Wei paramount ruler,Sima Shifor the Southern Xiongnu to be divided into two, although it would not be until the Xianxi era (264–266) when they were re-split into three and then into four.[3]Liu Bao also had to send his son,Liu Yuanto the imperial capital,Luoyang,as a hostage to prevent him from rebelling. Soon, the Southern Xiongnu in Bing were once again living in Five Divisions.[4]After his death, his positions were inherited by Liu Yuan, who went on to found the Han-Zhao dynasty in 304.
Skepticism and theories on lineage
editSome modern Chinese scholars like Tang Changru ( đường trường nhụ ) and Chen Yong ( trần dũng ) have cast doubt on the claim of Liu Bao being the son of Yufuluo due to discrepancies in the record, such as the long time span between when Liu Bao was first active as Wise Prince of the Left in 195 and his death afterTufa Shujinengbegan hisrebellion,which should be after 274. It is believed that Liu Bao was a prominent member of the non-related but influentialChugetribe, also known as Xiuchuge, who overthrew the Southern Xiongnu chanyu and sent Yufuluo into exile in 188. In fact, several passages in historical records refer to Liu Yuan and his family as Chuge. It is likely that Liu Yuan had fabricated his ties to the chanyu family and by extension the Han dynasty through their ancient practice of marrying Han princesses, as a means of establishing his legitimacy with the founding of Han-Zhao.[5][6]
Liu Bao may have also been the Wise Prince of the Left who took the poetCai Wenjias his concubine afterLi Jue'scoup inChang'anin 195. The pair would go on to have two children. However, the powerful warlordCao Caoarrived and paid a heavy ransom to Liu Bao, demanding that he release Cai Wenji, to which Liu Bao did without hesitation.[7]However, it is highly uncertain if the Wise Prince of the Left was indeed Liu Bao, given that the records do not mention him by name, that he may have instead been the Wise Prince of the Right, and that there are doubts regarding his relationship to Yufuluo.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Some records state that Liu Bao was the Wise Prince of the Right. ( là khi Tịnh Châu Hữu Hiền Vương Lưu Báo cũng vì một bộ...)Sanguozhi,vol.28 There are also records that assert that the Wise Prince of the Left after Huchuquan's ascension wasQubei.( Hàn xiêm cập Hung nô Tả Hiền Vương đi ti...)Hou Hanshu,vol.9
- ^Bichurin N.Ya.,"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times",1851, vol. 1, p. 147
- ^( là khi Tịnh Châu Hữu Hiền Vương Lưu Báo cũng vì một bộ, ngải thượng ngôn rằng: Nhung địch thú tâm, không lấy nghĩa thân, cường tắc xâm bạo, nhược tắc nội phụ, cố chu tuyên có hiểm duẫn chi khấu, hán tổ có bình thành chi vây. Mỗi Hung nô một thịnh, vì trước đây trọng hoạn. Tự Thiền Vu bên ngoài, mạc có thể kiềm chế trường ti. Dụ mà trí chi, sử tới nhập hầu. Từ là Khương di thất thống, hợp tán vô chủ. Lấy Thiền Vu ở bên trong, vạn dặm thuận quỹ. Nay Thiền Vu tôn sư ngày sơ, ngoại thổ chi uy tẩm trọng, tắc hồ lỗ không thể không thâm bị cũng. Nghe Lưu Báo bộ có phản bội hồ, nhưng nhân phản bội cắt vì nhị quốc, lấy phân này thế. Đi ti công hiện tiền triều, mà tử không kế nghiệp, nghi thêm này tử hiện hào, sử cư nhạn môn. Ly quốc nhược khấu, truy lục cũ huân, này ngự biên trường kế cũng. )Sanguozhi,vol.28
- ^( hàm hi khoảnh khắc, lấy một bộ quá cường, phân vi tam suất, thái thủy chi sơ, lại tăng vi bốn... Nay năm bộ chi chúng...)Jin Shu,vol.56
- ^Tang, Changru (December 2010). "〈 Ngụy Tấn tạp hồ khảo một đồ các 〉".《 Ngụy Tấn Nam Bắc triều sử luận tùng 》(in Chinese). Beijing:Commercial Press.ISBN9787100074513.
- ^"[ đồng ruộng điều tra cùng nghiên cứu ] đi ti giám quốc bại cục cùng đồ các Lưu Báo quật khởi - văn học 100".wenxue100.Retrieved2023-10-16.
- ^( hưng bình trung, thiên hạ loạn lạc chết chóc, văn cơ vì hồ kỵ thu hoạch, không với nam Hung nô Tả Hiền Vương, ở hồ trung 12 năm, sinh nhị tử. Tào Tháo tố cùng ung thiện, đau này vô tự, nãi khiển sứ giả lấy kim bích chuộc chi, mà trọng gả với tự. )Hou Hanshu,vol.84
- Fang, Xuanling(ed.) (648).Book of Jin(Jin Shu), Volume 101.