Wikipedia

Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules

TheLockheed Martin C-130J Super Herculesis an American four-engineturbopropmilitary transport aircraft.The C-130J is a comprehensive update of theLockheed C-130 Hercules,with new engines,flight deck,and other systems.

C-130J Super Hercules
A U.S. Air Force C-130J
Role Military transport,aerial refuellingaircraft
National origin United States
Manufacturer Lockheed Martin
First flight 5 April 1996
Introduction 1999
Status In service
Primary users United States Air Force
United States Marine Corps
SeeOperatorssection for others
Produced 1996–present
Number built 500 as of March 2022[1]
Developed from Lockheed C-130 Hercules

The C-130J is the newest version of the C-130 Hercules, and the only model currently in production. As of March 2022,500 C-130J aircraft have been delivered to 26 operators in 22 countries.[1]

Development

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A Super Hercules cockpit.

On 16 December 1994, Lockheed received the launch order for the J-model from the United Kingdom'sRoyal Air Force(RAF).[2]The C-130J launch order occurred after a UK government stalemate of several months that concerned whether to buy new transport aircraft from Europe or the United States. It was paired with a commitment to buy 40 to 50 of the proposed EuropeanFuture Large Aircraftaircraft (FLA, which was later designated as theA400M). The FLA commitment, which reduced the size of the C-130J launch order, was intended to ensure a 20 percent British workshare in the FLA program, and to prevent German industry from threateningBritish Aerospace's position as the wing manufacturer on the FLA and futureAirbuscommercial projects.[3][4]The RAF ordered 25 aircraft for a total fixed price of US$1.6 billion (~$2.87 billion in 2023), with first deliveries originally scheduled to begin in November 1996.[5]The promised deliveries of the C-130J allowed theBritish Ministry of Defenceto meet the 1996 deadline for replacing half of the RAF's aging fleet of Hercules aircraft, while the FLA aircraft was not at the time expected to be available until 2003.[6]

To speed up the sale of military and commercial versions of the aircraft,Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) civil certification was pursued before delivery would happen.[5]Civil certification was not a regulatory requirement and was unneeded for the RAF launch order. However, certification was stipulated in Lockheed Martin's contracts with some subsequent customers, including theUnited States Air Force(USAF) and theRoyal Australian Air Force(RAAF).[7]

The program suffered from problems such as software integration glitches that extended the schedule by three months, followed by a nine-month delay caused by undiscoveredstallcharacteristics that required aircraft modification.[5]The stall problem was caused by the additional power of the engines and the increase in propeller blades from 4 to 6, which changed theaerodynamicssuch that the aircraft had a greater tendency to stall and roll at lower speeds.[8]

Lockheed Martin spent five months making 20 unsuccessful attempts at aerodynamic solutions,[9]but the stall problems were so varied that the fixes it tried to make applied only to specific conditions (such as only during power off, or only at full power).[10]Lockheed Martin changed the cockpit to include astick pusher,which takes control and automatically pushes down the aircraft's nose if the pilot does not respond to stall warnings.[8]The stick pusher was meant to be a temporary addition until Lockheed Martin could find an aerodynamic fix for all of the new stall conditions.[10]

In late 1997, the company discovered that directional problems could be caused by ice build-ups.[8]Because the AE 2100 engines were more powerful and fuel-efficient than theAllison T56engines that they replaced, the engines no longer produced enoughbleed airto continuously warm the tail. This situation had been anticipated, but the cyclic system that replaced the old de-icing system was found to be insufficient when the C-130J flew in extreme conditions.[11]This problem forced the company to extend thede-icing systemhigher and lower on thevertical stabilizerto prevent ice formation, causing another delay of five months. These issues resulted in Lockheed Martin exceeding its initial C-130J development budget of US$300 million.[7]By May 1998, Lockheed had spent over US$900 million (~$1.57 billion in 2023) in development costs for the C-130J.[12]By the end of 1998, the company owed the RAF about US$50 million (~$87.2 million in 2023) in penalties due to the delivery delays.[13]

FAA type certification occurred in September 1998 following 4,000 hours offlight testing.[14]Deliveries commenced in 1999 as the Hercules C4 (C-130J-30) and Hercules C5 (C-130J). The standard C-130J had aflyaway costofUS$62 millionin 2008.[15]

On 23 December 2004, U.S. Deputy Secretary of DefensePaul Wolfowitzapproved a program budget decision that ended the procurement of C-130J for the Air Force and completed the remaining KC-130J order for the Marine Corps in 2006, which would save US$5 billion inthe Pentagonbudget.[16]Deficiencies with the C-130J that were cited to support the decision included being unable to drop heavy equipment, the inability to perform combatsearch-and-rescuemissions, cold-weather performance issues, the risk ofparatroopershitting the fuselage when jumping out of the aircraft, major cost increases, and inadequate radar to fly into hurricanes.[17]U.S. Secretary of DefenseDonald Rumsfeldreversed this decision on May 10, 2005, after members of Congress stated that the canceling the pre-existing orders of 62 total Air Force aircraft over the following five years would result in about US$2 billion (~$3 billion in 2023) in termination costs to the government, which would have exceeded the cost of buying the aircraft.[18]

In mid-June 2008, theUnited States Air Forceawarded a $470 million (~$653 million in 2023) contract to Lockheed Martin for six modified KC-130J aircraft for use by the Air Force andSpecial Operations Command.The contract led to C-130J variants that will replace agingHC-130sandMC-130s.[19]TheHC-130JCombat King II personnel recovery aircraft completed developmental testing on 14 March 2011. The final test point was air-to-air refueling, and was the first ever boom refueling of a C-130 where the aircraft's refueling receiver was installed during aircraft production. This test procedure also applied to theMC-130JCombat Shadow II aircraft in production for Air Force Special Operations Command.[20]

Harvest HAWK

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Further information:Harvest HAWK
A KC-130J showing the AN/AAQ-30 Targeting Sight andAGM-114 Hellfireson the left wing in Afghanistan, 2011

With the addition of the Marine CorpsISR/ Weapon Mission Kit, theKC-130J tanker variantwill be able to serve as anoverwatchaircraft and can deliver ground support fire in the form ofHellfireorGriffinmissiles,precision-guided bombs,and eventually30mm Mk44 Bushmaster II cannon firein a later upgrade.[21]This capability, designated as "Harvest HAWK" (Hercules Airborne Weapons Kit), can be used in scenarios where precision is not a requisite, such asarea denial.[22]The aircraft retains its original capabilities in refueling and transportation. The kit can be removed within a day if necessary.[23]

TACAMO

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See also:TACAMO

TheUnited States Navyis considering replacing its fleet ofE-6B Mercuryaircraft with C-130J-30 Hercules aircraft in the Take Charge And Move Out (TACAMO) survivable nuclear communications role. The U.S. Navy'sNaval Air Systems Command(NAVAIR) posted a solicitation for fatigue test aircraft to a government procurement website on 18 December 2020. It is to award Lockheed Martin a contract for three "stretched" Hercules in fiscal years 2022 and 2023 for testing and analysis for the TACAMO mission.[24]

Design

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Externally similar to the classic Hercules in general appearance, the J-model features considerably updated technology. These differences include newRolls-Royce AE 2100D3turbopropengines,DowtyR391 six-bladedcompositescimitar propellersthat have blade tips swept by 35 degrees,[25]digital avionics (includinghead-up displays(HUDs) for each pilot), and reduced crew requirements. These changes have improved performance over its C-130E/H predecessors, such as 40% greater range, 21% higher maximum speed, and 41% shorter takeoff distance.[26]Because of the deicing problem discovered late in the certification program, the C-130J includes a black rubber deicing boot at the bottom of the vertical fin, which is another visual difference from previous versions of the Hercules.[27]The J-model is available in a standard-length or stretched-30variant.

As a cargo and airlift aircraft, the C-130J's crew includes two pilots and oneloadmaster(nonavigatororflight engineer), while specialized USAF variants (e.g., AC-130J, EC-130J, MC-130J, HC-130J, WC-130J) may have larger crews, such as navigators/Combat Systems Officersor other specialized officer and enlisted air crew. The U.S. Marine Corps KC-130J uses a crew chief for expeditionary operations. The C-130J's cargo compartment is approximately 41 feet (12.5 m) long, 9 feet (2.74 m) high, and 10 feet (3.05 m) wide, and loading is from the rear of the fuselage.[28]

The aircraft can be configured with the "enhanced cargo handling system". The system consists of a computerized loadmaster's station from which the user can remotely control the under-floor winch and configure the flip-floor system to palletized roller or flat-floor cargo handling. Initially developed for the USAF, this system enables rapid role changes to be carried out and so extends the C-130J's time available to complete taskings.[29]

Operational history

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A Hercules C5 (C-130J) of theRoyal Air Forcearrives at the 2016Royal International Air Tattoo(RIAT) in England.

The Super Hercules has been used extensively by the USAF and USMC in Iraq and Afghanistan. Canada has also deployed its CC-130J aircraft to Afghanistan.

C-130Js from several countries have been deployed in support of the USOperation Odyssey DawnandNATO'sOperation Unified Protectorduring the2011 Libyan civil war.

From the first flight on 5 April 1996 to 30 April 2013, 290 C-130J Super Hercules aircraft operated by 13 nations surpassed 1 million flight hours.[30][31]

In January 2013, it was reported that some of Canada's CC-130J transports had counterfeit Chinese microchips in their cockpit displays that were made by an American Lockheed contractorL3 Communications.These parts are more likely to fail and result in failures such as blank instrument screens during flight. A 14-month investigation by theU.S. SenateArmed Services Committee concluded thatcounterfeitparts in the Hercules and other American-made military equipment are prone to failure with potentially "catastrophic consequences." The U.S. congressional investigation reported the fake Hercules microchips were originally made by the Korean electronics giantSamsungin the 1990s, and more than a decade later, had been recycled, refurbished and remarked to appear genuine by a different supplier from China.[32]Samsung later stated that "it is not possible to project the reliability" of the altered parts. The U.S. investigation reported that the problems on the Hercules first came to light in 2010 when theinstrument panelfailed on a U.S. Air Force aircraft during active duty.[33]

On 20 August 2013, the Indian Air Force performed the highest landing of a C-130J at theDaulat Beg Oldiairstrip inLadakhat the height of 16,614 ft (5,064 m).[34][35]

Civilian use

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Main article:Modular Airborne FireFighting System

TheModular Airborne FireFighting System(MAFFS) is a self-contained unit used foraerial firefightingthat can be loaded onto a C-130 Hercules, which then allows the aircraft to be used as an air tanker againstwildfires.[36]This allows theU.S. Forest Service(USFS) to use military aircraft from theAir National GuardandAir Force Reserveto serve as an emergency backup resource to the civilian air tanker fleet.[36][37]The latest generation MAFFS II system was used for the first time on a fire in July 2010,[38]using the C-130J Super Hercules.[39]The146th Airlift Wingwas the first to transition to the MAFFS II system in 2008, and it remains the only unit flying the new system on the C-130J aircraft.[39]

Orders and deliveries

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The largest operator of the new model is the U.S. Air Force, which has ordered the aircraft in increasing numbers. Current operators of the C-130J are the USAF (including theAir Force Reserve Commandand theAir National Guard),United States Marine Corps(being their fourth variant after KC-130F, KC-130R and KC-130T,[citation needed])United States Coast Guard,Indian Air Force,Royal Canadian Air Force,Royal Australian Air Force,Royal Danish Air Force,Royal Norwegian Air Force,Israeli Air Force,and theItalian Air Force.As of March 2022, a total of 500 units have been produced.[40]

International orders

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Royal Australian Air ForceC-130J-30 atRAAF Williamsin 2006

TheRoyal Australian Air Forcewas thesecond international customerfor the C-130J-30, with an initial order of 12 aircraft.[41]An order for two more aircraft was planned, but was replaced by the purchase of a fifthBoeing C-17 Globemaster III.[42]On 2 November 2022, the US State Department approved the possible sale of 24 C-130Js worth up to $6.35 billion to the Royal Australian Air Force.[43]

TheRoyal Norwegian Air Forceordered four C-130J-30s in 2007 to replace six aging C-130Hs in need of repairs.[44][45]Aircraft were delivered from November 2008[46][47]to 2010.[48]One of thesewas lostin March 2012.

TheCanadian Forcessigned a US$1.4 billion (~$1.95 billion in 2023) contract with Lockheed Martin for seventeen new C-130J-30s in January 2008, as part of the procurement process to replace the existing C-130E and H models.[49]The C-130J is officially designated as theCC-130J Herculesin Canadian service.[50]The first C-130J was delivered to CFB Trenton in June 2010.[51]The final C-130J was delivered in May 2012.[52]

TheIndian Air Forcepurchased six C-130J-30s in early 2008 at a cost of up to US$1.059 billion[53]for itsspecial operations forcesin a package deal with the US government under itsForeign Military Sales(FMS) program. India has options to buy six more aircraft. The Indian government decided not to sign the Communications Interoperability and Security Memorandum of Agreement (CISMOA), which resulted in the exclusion of high precision GPS and other sensitive equipment. The IAF added similar equipment produced indigenously to the aircraft after delivery.[54]In October 2011, India announced its intent to exercise the option for the six additional aircraft, following the C-130J's favorable performance in the2011 Sikkim earthquakerelief operations. In July 2012, the U.S. accepted India's request for the six more C-130Js through the FMS program.[55]In December 2013, India'sCCSapproved the order for six more aircraft.[56]

The IAF's C-130J Super Hercules from the No. 77 Air Squadron, the 'Veiled Vipers', during the Republic Day Flypast 2024.

TheIraqi Air Forceordered six C-130J-30s in July 2008.[57][58]

Qatarordered four C-130Js in October 2008, along with spare parts and training for theQatar Emiri Air Force.The contract is worth a total of US$393.6 million (~$526 million in 2023) and deliveries are scheduled to begin in 2011.[59]

TheUnited Arab Emirates Air Forceannounced an order for 12 C-130J transports at the 2009International Defence Exhibition(IDEX), with an announced value of US$1.3 billion.[60]TheUnited Arab Emiratesrequested 12 C-130Js through a Direct Commercial Sale in December 2009, with logistics support, training and related systems to be provided through a Foreign Military Sales program.[61]A contract with Lockheed Martin has not been signed.[62]

TheIsraeli Air Forceis seeking to purchase nine C-130J-30s.[63]In April 2010, Israel ordered one C-130J-30 with delivery in 2013, and was in contract talks for two more aircraft in June 2010.[N 1][64]An option for a second C-130J-30 was exercised in April 2011, along with planning and advance long lead procurement of aircraft components to support the third C-130J Israeli aircraft.[65][66]The first Israeli C-130J was delivered in June 2013 and was modified with Israeli-unique systems in the United States[31]prior to its arrival in Israel in April 2014.[67]Israel ordered a fourth C-130J-30 in July 2013.[68]The C-130J's local name is "Shimshon".

TheKuwait Air Forcesigned a contract for three KC-130J air refueling tankers in May 2010, with deliveries to begin in late 2013.[69]The KC-130Js will refuel the KAF's F-18s and augment its fleet of three militarizedL-100s.

Omanincreased its C-130J order in August 2010 by adding two C-130Js to the single C-130J-30 ordered in 2009. Deliveries are to be completed by early 2014.[70]TheRoyal Saudi Air Forcehas purchased[when?]two KC-130Js to be delivered in 2016.[71]

TheMexican Governmenthas requested two C-130J-30s.[72]

TheMongolian Air Forceis planning to buy three C-130Js.[73][74]

In July 2013, the C-130J became part of a competition in thePeruvian Air Forcefor a medium transport aircraft. The Super Hercules was a candidate along with theEADS CASA C-295,theAlenia C-27J Spartan,theAntonov An-70,and the upgradedAntonov An-32.[75]The Peruvian Air Force selected the C-27J in November 2013.[76]

In 2015, the French Air Force ordered four Super Hercules to supplement existing capabilities due to the ongoing problems and delays of the orderedAirbus A400M,through FMS the French got two C-130J in 2017/2018 and two KC-130J in 2018/2019 (helicopter refuelling capability), especially supporting French overseas operations in Africa.[77]

In January 2017, German defence minister announced the intention to purchase three C-130J and three KC-130J Hercules to acquire tactical airlift capabilities due to the delayed deliveries of the Airbus A400M.[78]

In September 2018, Indonesia's state-owned news agencyAntarareported that minister of defenceRyamizard RyacudusaidIndonesiais looking to acquire five C-130J Super Hercules aircraft.[79]In September 2021, it was reported that Indonesia ordered five C-130J-30 aircraft from Lockheed Martin for theIndonesian Air Forcein 2019, with the first aircraft already under construction.[80]In 2023, Indonesian Air Force received its first C-130J-30 that arrived at Lanud Halim Perdanakusuma.[81]

In June 2019, New Zealand's Minister of DefenceRon Markidentified the C-130J-30 as the preferred replacement for theRoyal New Zealand Air Force's five remaining C-130Hs that were planned to be in service until 2023.[82][83]In November 2019, the US Defense Security Cooperation Agency notified Congress of the potential sale of five C-130Js, 24 engines and related equipment for an estimated cost of US$1.4 billion (~$1.65 billion in 2023).[84]The sale was confirmed in June 2020, with the planes expected to be delivered between 2024 and 2025.[85]The first aircraft was delivered on August 8, 2024 at Lockheed Martin's facility in Marietta, Georgia.[86]

In September 2020,Philippine Air ForcechiefAllen T. Paredesplanned to acquire five C-130J-30 aircraft.[87]The quantity was later reduced to two after government funds were prioritized for theCOVID-19 pandemic response.[88]In December 2022, the Notice of Award has already been released for the acquisition of three C-130J-30 Super Hercules heavy transport aircraft from Lockheed Martin however no official announcement has been made by both parties including PAF.[89]In October 2023, the DND announced the acquisition of three C-130J-30 with the contract worth ₱22.2 billion, the first C-130J is scheduled to be delivered in July 2026, the second is in October of the same year and the third plane is in January 2027.[90]

In January 2022, theUnited States Department of Stateannounced its approval ofEgypt's request to purchase 12 C-130J aircraft with related equipment and notified Congress.[91][92]

In 2022, theSwedish Air Forceordered four ex-Italian Air Force C-130J-30s for delivery in 2023 and 2024.[93]This order was reportedly put on hold in 2023 for review.[94]In 2024, theEmbraer C-390was chosen instead.[95]

In November 2022, the US agreed to aForeign Military Salespurchase byAustraliaof 24 C-130J-30 aircraft, that will effectively double theRAAFfleet after the existing aircraft have been retired.[96]

In September 2024,NOAAannounced an order for two modified C-130Js to replace its existingWP-3D Orion Hurricane Hunteraircraft.[97]

Deliveries

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Year 1998[98] 1999[99] 2000[100] 2001[101] 2002[102] 2003[102] 2004[103] 2005[104] 2006[105] 2007[106] 2008[106] 2009[107] 2010[108] 2011[109]
Number 19 30 20 15 8 15 13 15 12 12 12 16 25 33
Year 2012[110] 2013[111] 2014[112] 2015[113] 2016[114] 2017[115] 2018[116] 2019[117] 2020[118] 2021[119] Total
Number 34 25 24 21 24 26 25 28 22 22 496

Variants

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Two USMC KC-130Js ofVMGR-352during a training exercise
A USCG HC-130J Combat King II
C-130J Super Hercules
Tactical airlifter
C-130J-30
Lockheed Martin designation for its 15 ft (4.6 m) extended fuselage variant; designated CC-130J by USAF for a short time after 2002 and later renamed into C-130J, so there are two different variants under the same designation.[120][121][122]
C-130J-SOF
Variant outfitted with extendedISRequipment for use withspecial forces.Unveiled in June 2017.[123]
CC-130J Hercules
Royal Canadian Air Force designation for the C-130J-30.[124]
E-130J
Variant for the U.S. Navy's TACAMO operations to replace theE-6 Mercury.Based on the C-130J-30.[125]
EC-130J Commando Solo III
Variant for theAir Force Special Operations Command,operated by thePennsylvania Air National Guard.
HC-130J Combat King II
Long range patrol and air-sea rescue variant for theUnited States Coast Guard.USAF HC-130J version has changes for in-flight refueling.
KC-130J
Aerial refueling tanker and tactical airlifter version forUnited States Marine Corps.
MC-130J Commando II
Designed for Air Force Special Operations Command. Originally named Combat Shadow II.
MC-130J Commando II Amphibious Capability
A proposed twin-floatamphibiousmodification to allow support operations at sea and in near-shore areas; the initial flight test has been repeatedly pushed back.[126][127][128]
WC-130J
Weather reconnaissance ( "Hurricane Hunter") version for theAir Force Reserve Command.
Hercules C4
Royal Air Forcedesignationfor the C-130J-30
Hercules C5
Royal Air Force designation for the C-130J
LM-100J
A civilian version of the C-130J-30[129]
SC-130J Sea Hercules
Proposed maritime patrol version of the C-130J, designed for coastal surveillance and anti-submarine warfare.[130][131]

Operators

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Main article:List of Lockheed C-130 Hercules operators
Royal Norwegian Air ForceC-130J arrives at the 2014Royal International Air Tattoo,UK
A C-130J cleaned in the wash system atKeesler Air Force Base,Mississippi.
Bangladesh Air ForceC-130J Mk-5 taking off
C-130J currently training inYogyakarta,Indonesia. Preparation for theAir Force'sbirthday In April 2024
Artist's rendition of theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationC-130Jhurricane huntervariant to be delivered in 2030.
Algeria
Australia
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Canada
Denmark
Egypt
France
Germany
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Israel
  • Israeli Air Force– six C-130J-30s ordered with deliveries beginning in spring 2013.[66][157]It planned to acquire a total of nine C-130J-30s in 2008.[158]7 received as of January 2019.[159]
Italy
Kuwait
Libya
New Zealand
Norway
Oman
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
South Korea
Tunisia
Turkey
Qatar
United States

Former operator

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United Kingdom
  • Royal Air Force– Launch operator of C-130J. 14 aircraft (1 C-130J, and 13 C-130J-30s) were in service as of 2020.[citation needed]The RAF's C-130Js were formally withdrawn from service on 30 June 2023.[174](It is estimated that the Turkish Air Force has procured 12 of 14 RAF C-130J.)[citation needed]

Accidents

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Main article:List of accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed C-130 Hercules

C-130Js have been involved in the following notable accidents:

Specifications (C-130J)

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RAF Hercules C4 (C-130J-30), 2004. Six blade prop closeup.
C-130J co-pilot'shead-up display(HUD)

Data fromUSAF C-130 Hercules fact sheet,[185]International Directory of Military Aircraft,[186]Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft[26]

General characteristics

  • Crew:3 (two pilots, and one loadmaster are minimum crew)
  • Capacity:
  • 92 passengers (-30: 128)or
  • 64 airborne troops (-30: 92)or
  • 6463L pallets(-30: 8)or
  • 72 litter patients (-30: 97)
  • 42,000 lb Maximum Allowable Payload (-30: 44,000 lb)
  • Cargo bay length:41 ft (12.50 m)
  • Cargo bay width:10 ft (3.05 m)
  • Cargo bay height:9 ft (2.74 m)
  • Payload main:42,000 lb (19,051 kg)
  • Length:97 ft 9 in (29.79 m)
  • Wingspan:132 ft 7 in (40.41 m)
  • Height:38 ft 10 in (11.84 m)
  • Wing area:1,745 sq ft (162.1 m2)
  • Airfoil:root:NACA 64A318;tip:NACA 64A412[187]
  • Empty weight:75,562 lb (34,274 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight:155,000 lb (70,307 kg)
  • Powerplant:4 ×Rolls-Royce AE 2100D3turbopropengines, 4,637 shp (3,458 kW) each
  • Propellers:6-bladedDowtyR391 composite constant-speed fully-feathering reversible-pitch propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed:362 kn (417 mph, 670 km/h) —Mach0.59 at 22,000 ft (6,706 m) altitude
  • Cruise speed:348 kn (400 mph, 644 km/h)
  • Range:1,800 nmi (2,100 mi, 3,300 km) at max normal payload (34,000 lb (15,422 kg))
  • Service ceiling:28,000 ft (8,500 m) with 42,000 lb (19,051 kg) payload
  • Absolute ceiling:40,386 ft (12,310 m)[188]

See also

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Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

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  1. ^Quote: "Separately, Israel has held preliminary talks with Lockheed Martin about acquiring more C-130J tactical transports. The nation will receive its first example in mid-2013..."

References

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  1. ^abcdeHoyle, Craig (30 March 2022)."C-130J deliveries pass 500 aircraft: we analyse type's global fleet mix".Defence.FlightGlobal.
  2. ^Clark, Bruce (17–18 December 1994)."A lukewarm reception from potential partners".News: UK.Financial Times.No. 32552. p. 7.ISSN0307-1766.
  3. ^Blitz, James; Baxter, Andrew (17–18 December 1994)."Deal over RAF cargo aircraft averts cabinet rift".Financial Times.No. 32552. pp. 1, 26.ISSN0307-1766.
  4. ^Baxter, Andrew; Adburgham, Roland (17–18 December 1994)."Aerospace industry celebrates a silver lining".News: UK.Financial Times.No. 32552. p. 7.ISSN0307-1766.
  5. ^abcMurray, Brendan (17 February 1997)."Lockheed delays shipments: New C-130J cargo planes held up by testing glitches".Atlanta Business Chronicle.ISSN0164-8071.
  6. ^"$1.3 billion contract goes to Lockheed".Baltimore Sun.New York Times News Service.17 December 1994.ISSN1930-8965.
  7. ^abMurray, Brendan (13 April 1998)."Lockheed delays debut of plane till late summer".Atlanta Business Chronicle.ISSN0164-8071.
  8. ^abcNicoli, Alexander (14 April 1998)."Lockheed battles to avoid more delays to aircraft".Britain.Financial Times.No. 33572. p. 6.ISSN0307-1766.
  9. ^"Lockheed Martin completes final tests on C-130J stick-pusher".Flight International.7 October 1997.ISSN0015-3710.
  10. ^abHenley, Peter (16 December 1997)."From strength to strength".Flight International.ISSN0015-3710.
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  12. ^Pincus, Walter (23 July 1998)."Congress insists Air Force buy unwanted C-130s".South Florida Sun-Sentinel.Washington Post.ISSN0744-8139.
  13. ^"Weight off Hercules".Forbes.28 December 1998.ISSN0015-6914.
  14. ^Goyer, Robert, ed. (May 1999)."First C-130Js delivered to USAF".Reporting points.Flying.Vol. 126, no. 5.ISSN0015-4806.
  15. ^"FY 2009 Budget Estimates."Archived2008-10-03 at theWayback MachineUnited States Air Forceviasaffm.hq.af.mi,February 2008, p. 81.
  16. ^Sherman, Jason (2 January 2005)."Pentagon slashes $30 billion from major Navy, Air Force, missile defense programs".Inside Defense.Retrieved29 June2022.
  17. ^Wayne, Leslie (25 March 2005). "Budget fight looms over flawed cargo plane".International Herald Tribune.p. 18.ISSN0294-8052.GaleA130854553.
  18. ^Tirpak, John A., ed. (July 2005)."Rumsfeld retreats from C-130J termination plans".Washington Watch.Air Force Magazine.Vol. 88, no. 7. p. 12.ISSN0730-6784.
  19. ^Trimble, Stephen."Lockheed Martin C-130J selected for new special operations role."Archived30 June 2008 at theWayback MachineFlightglobal,18 June 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  20. ^"HC-130J Completes Developmental Testing."Archived2012-07-01 at theWayback MachineLockheed Martin Press Release,22 March 2011.
  21. ^"General James T. Conway on The Posture of the United States Marine Corps."Archived2018-11-21 at theWayback Machinezumwaltfacts.info,14 May 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
  22. ^McCullough, Amy. "Refuel and Fire."Marine Corps Times,1 June 2009.
  23. ^Flurry, SSgt Christopher."KC-130J Harvest Hawk: Marine Corps teaches old plane new tricks in Afghanistan."Archived2 June 2011 at theWayback Machine2nd Marine Aircraft Wing(Fwd), United States Marine Corps,Camp Dwyer,Afghanistan,1 April 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  24. ^"US Navy to field C-130J-30 in nuclear communications role".Janes.21 December 2020.Retrieved30 December2020.
  25. ^"C-130J Advanced propeller system (six-blade R391 propeller)."Archived2010-04-01 at theWayback MachineDowty Propellers.Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  26. ^abEden 2004.
  27. ^Gerzanics, Michael (17 August 1999)."Ready for work: Development problems overcome, the C-130J is being prepared for entry into service".Flight International.ISSN0015-3710.
  28. ^"C-130J Spec Book."Archived2011-07-06 at theWayback Machinecc-130j.ca.Retrieved 1 August 2010.
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