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Enford

(Redirected fromLongstreet, Wiltshire)

Enfordis a village andcivil parishinWiltshire,England, in the northeast ofSalisbury Plain.The village lies 10 miles (16 km) southeast ofDevizesand 14 miles (23 km) north ofSalisbury.The parish includes nine small settlements along both banks of the headwaters of theRiver Avon.Besides Enford, these areCompton,Coombe,East Chisenbury,Fifield,Littlecott,Longstreet,New TownandWest Chisenbury.

Enford
The Swan Inn, Enford
Enford is located in Wiltshire
Enford
Enford
Location withinWiltshire
Population619 (in 2011)[1]
OS grid referenceSU139516
Civil parish
  • Enford
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townPewsey
Postcode districtSN9
Dialling code01980
PoliceWiltshire
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
WebsiteParish Council
List of places
UK
England
Wiltshire
51°15′47″N1°48′07″W/ 51.263°N 1.802°W/51.263; -1.802

The name is derived from theOld EnglishEnedfordmeaning 'duck ford'.[2]

History

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The parish carries much evidence of prehistoric activity, includingbowl barrows.[3]Lidbury Camp, on Littlecott Down, was occupied in theIron Ageand in theRomano-Britishperiod,[4]and further evidence of Romano-British occupation has been found around Compton.[5]A site on the west bank of the Avon near Compton is possibly that of aRoman villa.[6]

The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded 34 households at Enford and a smaller settlement at Compton.[7]Medievalstrip lynchetsare visible north of East Chisenbury.[8]

Enford manor was held bySt Swithun's priory,Winchester until theDissolution.Later owners includedThomas Culpeper(executed in 1541 for alleged adultery withCatherine Howard), andSir Edmund Antrobuswho in 1899 sold the manor to theWar Office.[3]

The parish population in 1676 has been calculated as 616.[3]At the first census in 1841 there were 814; the population peaked at 911 in 1851 and then steadily declined to around 700 in the mid 20th century.[1]

Chisenbury Prioryis acountry house,approached by a tree-lined drive from the road between Littecott and East Chisenbury.[3]The house was built in the later 17th century, with a brick front added in the 18th; it is Grade II* listed.[9]

A school was provided at Enford c. 1845 by Sir Edmund Antrobus, and supported partly by Sir Edmund and partly by a fund organised by John Prince, former vicar. By 1871 it had become aNational Schoolwith some 61 pupils, increasing to 124 in 1906. The school moved to new buildings at Longstreet in 1966, next to the newly built village hall; it closed in 1989.[3][10]

The parish gained a small area in 1885: West Chisenbury, formerly a detached part of Netheravon parish.[3]

Archaeology

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The East Chisenburymiddenis a notable example of a large dump ofarchaeologicalmaterial, dating to the 1st millennium BC. Now within a military training area, the midden mound contains discrete layers of flint, charcoal, bones, pottery and excrement.[11]It survives to a height of 8 feet (2.4 m) and is 460 feet (140 m) wide despite 2,500 years of weathering. The accumulation is believed by some archaeologists to have a ritual basis, with organised deposition of produce and waste being suggested as an explanation for its size and longevity.All Cannings Cross,8 miles (13 km) to the north, is a similar site.

Religious sites

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Parish church

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All Saints' Church

TheChurch of England parish church,All Saints', was described by Pevsner as "Quite a large and a very interesting church.... The chancel is astonishing."[12]

The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded a priest at Enford.[7]There may have been a church here at that time, as 12th-century arches are cut into earlier walls. The chancel arch is late 12th or early 13th, while the chancel is 13th except for its south wall. A small octagonal building on the north side, built as a chapel but now thesacristy,is from a similar date. The north aisle is 14th century; in the 15th the south aisle and the tower were rebuilt. There was a spire, which fell in 1817, requiring repairs to the church in 1825–30.RestorationbyC.E. Pontingtook place in 1892–3.[13]

In the churchyard is the lower part of a medieval stone cross.[14]The six bells in the tower include three from the 17th century.[15]

The church was designated asGrade II* listedin 1964.[13]Today it is part of the Avon River Team parishes.[16]

Methodist chapel

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A chapel was built at East Chisenbury c. 1845 by eitherPrimitive MethodistsorIndependent Methodists.A new chapel was built by the former in 1896[3]and continued in use well into the 20th century; the building was sold in 1990.[17]

Local government

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Enford is acivil parishin the area of theWiltshire Councilunitary authority,which is responsible for all significant aspects oflocal government.It also has an electedparish council,with mostly consultative functions.

Amenities

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There is a modern village hall at Longstreet. The parish has twopubs:theSwan Innat Enford (17th/18th century) and theRed Lionat East Chisenbury.

References

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  1. ^ab"Wiltshire Community History – Census".Wiltshire Council.Retrieved23 January2015.
  2. ^"Enford, Wiltshire".Key to English Placenames.University of Nottingham.Retrieved29 July2012.
  3. ^abcdefgBaggs, A.P.; Crittall, Elizabeth; Freeman, Jane; Stevenson, Janet H (1980). Crowley, D.A. (ed.)."Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 11 pp115-134 – Enford".British History Online.University of London.Retrieved20 August2016.
  4. ^Historic England."Lidbury Camp, associated trackways and bowl barrow (1017864)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved22 August2016.
  5. ^Historic England."Compton Farm Romano-British and Early Medieval occupation sites (1017863)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved22 August2016.
  6. ^Historic England."Enford Roman villa (1003253)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved22 August2016.
  7. ^abEnfordin theDomesday Book
  8. ^Historic England."Strip lynchets north-east of East Chisenbury (1010050)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved22 August2016.
  9. ^Historic England."Chisenbury Priory (1183864)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved22 August2016.
  10. ^"Enford Church of England School".Wiltshire Community History.Wiltshire Council.Retrieved22 August2016.
  11. ^Walshe, Diarmaid; Osgood, Richard; Brown, Martin (January 2012). "Archaeology as rehabilitation".British Archaeology.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|url=(help)
  12. ^Pevsner, Nikolaus;Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1975) [1963].Wiltshire.The Buildings of England(2nd ed.). Harmondsworth:Penguin Books.pp. 239–240.ISBN0-14-0710-26-4.
  13. ^abHistoric England."Church of All Saints (1300358)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved20 August2016.
  14. ^Historic England."Churchyard Cross (1033971)".National Heritage List for England.Retrieved20 August2016.
  15. ^"Enford, All Saints".Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers.Retrieved20 August2016.
  16. ^"Enford".Avon River Team.Retrieved20 August2016.
  17. ^"East Chisenbury Primitive Methodist Chapel, Wilts".My Primitive Methodist Ancestors.Retrieved20 August2016.
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