Wikipedia

Macon, Georgia

For the album by Jason Aldean, seeMacon, Georgia (album).
Not to be confused withMacon County, GeorgiaorBibb County, Georgia.

Macon(/ˈmeɪkən/MAY-kən), officiallyMacon–Bibb County,is aconsolidated city-countyinGeorgia,United States. Situated near thefall lineof theOcmulgee River,it is 85 miles (137 km) southeast ofAtlantaand near the state's geographic center—hence its nickname "The Heart of Georgia".

Macon
Consolidated city-county
Macon–Bibb County
Aerial photograph of Macon
Official seal of Macon
Seal
Location within Bibb County
Location within Bibb County
Macon is located in Georgia
Macon
Macon
Location within Georgia
Macon is located in the United States
Macon
Macon
Location within the United States
Coordinates:32°50′5″N83°39′6″W/ 32.83472°N 83.65167°W/32.83472; -83.65167
CountryUnited States
StateGeorgia
CountyBibb
Settled around Fort Benjamin Hawkins1809
Government
•MayorLester Miller
Area
[1]
•Consolidated city-county254.90 sq mi (660.19 km2)
• Land249.38 sq mi (645.89 km2)
• Water5.52 sq mi (14.30 km2)
Elevation
381 ft (116 m)
Population
(2020)
•Consolidated city-county157,346
• Rank
• Density630.95/sq mi (243.61/km2)
•Metro
[2]
233,802 (197th)
Time zoneUTC−5(EST)
• Summer (DST)UTC−4(EDT)
ZIP Codes
31200–31299
Area code478
FIPS code13-49000[3]
GNISfeature ID0332301[4]
Websitemaconbibb.us

Macon's population was 157,346 in the2020 census.[5]It is the principal city of theMacon metropolitan statistical area,which had 234,802 people in 2020.[2]It also is the largest city in the Macon–Warner RobinsCombined Statistical Area(CSA), which had approximately 420,693 residents in 2017 and abuts theAtlanta metropolitan areato the northwest.

Voters approved the consolidation of the City of Macon andBibb Countygovernments in a 2012 referendum. Macon became the state's fourth-largest city (afterAugusta) when the merger became official on January 1, 2014.[6]

Macon is served by threeinterstate highways:I-16(connecting toSavannahand coastal Georgia),I-75(connecting to Atlanta to the north and Valdosta to the south), andI-475(a city bypass highway). The area has two small general aviation airports,Middle Georgia Regional AirportandHerbert Smart Downtown Airport.Residents traveling to and from the area mainly use the large commercial airport inAtlanta,approximately 80 miles to the northwest.

The city has several institutions of higher education and numerous museums and tourism sites.

History

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See also:Timeline of Macon, Georgia

Macon was founded on the site of the Ocmulgee Old Fields, where theCreek Indianslived in the 18th century. Their predecessors, theMississippian culture,built a powerful agriculture-basedchiefdom(950–1100 AD). The Mississippian culture constructedearthworkmoundsfor ceremonial, religious, and burial purposes.Indigenous peoplesinhabited the areas along the Southeast's rivers for 13,000 years before Europeans arrived.[7]

Macon was developed at the site ofFort Benjamin Hawkins,built in 1809 at PresidentThomas Jefferson'sdirection after he forced the Creek to cede their lands east of theOcmulgee River.(Archeological excavations in the 21st century found evidence of two separate fortifications.)[8]The fort was named forBenjamin Hawkins,who served as Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Southeast territory south of the Ohio River for more than 20 years, had lived among theCreek,and was married to a Creek woman. Located at thefall lineof theOcmulgee River,the fort established a trading post with Native peoples at the river's most inland point navigable from theLow Country.

Sholes' directory of the city of Macon, September 1, 1888

Fort Hawkins guarded the Lower Creek Pathway, an extensive and well-traveledAmerican Indiannetwork that the U.S. government later improved as theFederal Road,linking Washington, D.C., to the ports ofMobile, AlabamaandNew Orleans, Louisiana.[8]Used for trading with the Creek, the fort also was used by state militia and federal troops. It was a major military distribution point during theWar of 1812and theCreek Warof 1813. After the wars, it was a trading post and garrisoned troops until 1821. Decommissioned around 1828, it later burned to the ground. A replica of the southeast blockhouse was built in 1938 and stands on an east Macon hill. Fort Hawkins Grammar School occupied part of the site. In the 21st century, archeological excavations have revealed more of the fort, increasing its historical significance, and led to further reconstruction planning for this major historical site.[8]

Child labor in Macon, 1909. Photo byLewis Hine.
1863 twenty-five cent bill from Macon Savings Bank

With the arrival of more settlers,Fort Hawkinswas renamed "Newtown". AfterBibb County's organization in 1822, the city was chartered as the county seat in 1823 and officially named Macon, in honor ofNathaniel Macon,[9]a statesman from North Carolina, from where many early Georgia residents hailed. City planners envisioned "a city within a park" and created a city of spacious streets and landscapes. Over 250 acres (1.0 km2) were dedicated for Central City Park, and ordinances required residents to plant shade trees in their front yards.

Wesleyan College circa 1877

Because of the beneficial localBlack Beltgeology and the availability ofslave labor,cotton became the mainstay of Macon's early economy.[10]The city's location on the Ocmulgee River aided initial economic expansion, providing shipping access to new markets. Cottonsteamboats,stagecoaches, and the 1843 arrival of therailroadincreased marketing opportunities and contributed to Macon's economic prosperity.

Macon's growth had other benefits. In 1836, the Georgia Conference of theMethodist Episcopal Churchchose Macon as the location forWesleyan College,the first U.S. college to grant women college degrees.[11]Nonetheless, Macon came in last in the 1855 referendum voting to be Georgia's capital city with 3,802 votes.[12]

"Map of Macon and Vicinity" during the American Civil War, showing the Confederate arsenals, as well asCamp Oglethorpeand "Graveyard of Union Prisoners" (NAID 305649)

During theAmerican Civil War,Macon served as the official arsenal of the Confederacy[10]manufacturingpercussion caps,friction primers,andpressedbullets.[13]Camp Oglethorpe was established as a prison for captured Union officers and enlisted men. Later, it held only officers, at one time numbering 2,300. The camp was evacuated in 1864.[14]

Macon City Hall served as the temporary state capitol in 1864 and was converted to a hospital for wounded Confederate soldiers. The Union GeneralWilliam Tecumseh Shermanspared Macon on hismarch to the sea.His troops sacked the nearby state capital ofMilledgeville,and Maconites prepared for an attack. Sherman, however, passed by without entering Macon.

TheMacon Telegraphreported the city had furnished 23 companies of men for the Confederacy, but casualties were high. By war end, Maconite survivors fit for duty could fill only five companies.[15]

The city was taken by Union forces duringWilson's Raidon April 20, 1865.[16]

Railyards in Macon, 1943

Because of its central location, Macon developed as a state transportation hub. In 1895, theNew York Timesdubbed Macon "The Central City" because of is emergence as a railroad transportation and textile factory hub.[17]Terminal Stationwas built in 1916.[18]In the twentieth century, Macon grew into a prospering town in Middle Georgia.

Downtown Maconin the early 1900s, looking northeast near the intersections of Cotton Avenue, First Street and Poplar Street

Macon has been impacted by natural catastrophes. In 1994Tropical Storm AlbertomadelandfallinFloridaand flooded several Georgia cities. Macon, which received 24 inches (61 cm) of rain, suffered major flooding.[19]

OnMay 11, 2008,anEF2tornado hit Macon. Touching down in nearby Lizella, the tornado moved northeast to the southern shore ofLake Tobesofkee,continued into Macon, and lifted near Dry Branch in Twiggs County. The storm's total path length was 18 miles (29 km), and its path width was 100 yards (91 m).[citation needed]The tornado produced sporadic areas of major damage, with widespread straight-line wind damage along its southern track. The most significant damage was along Eisenhower Parkway and Pio Nono Avenue in Macon, where two businesses were destroyed and several others were heavily damaged. The tornado also impacted Middle Georgia State College, where almost half of the campus's trees were snapped or uprooted and several buildings were damaged, with the gymnasium suffering the worst. The tornado's intensity varied from EF0 to EF2, with the EF2 damage and winds up to 130 miles per hour (210 km/h) occurring near the intersection of Eisenhower Parkway and Pio Nono Avenue.

Consolidation

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Location of Macon within Bibb County before consolidation

On July 31, 2012, voters in Macon (57.8 percent approval) and Bibb County (56.7 percent approval) passed a referendum to merge the governments of the city of Macon and most of unincorporated Bibb County. The vote came after theGeorgia General Assemblypassed House Bill 1171, authorizing the referendum earlier in the year;[6][20]Four previous consolidation attempts (in 1933, 1960, 1972, and 1976) failed.[21][22][23]

As a result of the referendum, (i) the Macon and Bibb County governments were replaced with a mayor and a nine-member county commission elected by districts and (ii) a portion of Macon extending into nearby Jones County was disincorporated.Robert Reichertwas elected the first mayor ofMacon-Bibbin the September 2013 election, which required a runoff withC. Jack Ellisin October.[24][25][26][27]

Geography

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The Macon-Bibb County Courthouse

TheOcmulgee Riveris a major river that runs through the city. Macon is one of Georgia's three majorFall Line Cities,along withAugustaandColumbus.The Fall Line is where the hilly lands of thePiedmontplateaumeet the flat terrain of thecoastal plain.As such, Macon has a varied landscape of rolling hills on the north side and flat plains on the south. Thefall line,where the altitude drops noticeably, causes rivers and creeks in the area to flow rapidly toward the ocean. In the past, Macon and other Fall Line cities had manytextile millspowered by the rivers.

Macon is located at32°50′05″N83°39′06″W/ 32.834839°N 83.651672°W/32.834839; -83.651672(32.834839, −83.651672).[28]

According to theUnited States Census Bureau,the city has a total area of 56.3 square miles (146 km2), of which 55.8 square miles (145 km2) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) (0.82%) is water.

Macon is approximately 330 feet (100 m) above sea level.[4]

Climate

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Macon has ahumid subtropical climate(Köppen climate classificationCfa). The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from 46.3 °F (7.9 °C) in January to 81.8 °F (27.7 °C) in July. On average, there are 4.8 days with 100 °F (38 °C)+ highs,[a]83 days with 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs,[b]and 43 days with a low at or below freezing; the average window for freezing temperatures is November 7 thru March 22, allowing a growing season of 228 days.

The city has an average annual precipitation of 45.7 inches (1,160 mm). The wettest day on record was July 5, 1994, with 10.25 inches (260 mm) of rain, and the wettest month on record was July 1994, with 18.16 inches (461 mm) of rain. On the other hand, since 1892, when precipitation records for the city began, there have been two months, October 1961 and October 1963, which did not even record a trace of precipitation in the city, and two other months, October 1939 and May 2007, which only recorded a trace.[29]Snow is occasional, with about half of the winters receiving trace amounts or no snowfall, averaging 0.7 inches (1.8 cm); the snowiest winter was 1972−73 with 16.5 in (42 cm).[29][30][31]

Climate data for Macon, Georgia (Middle Georgia Regional Airport), 1991−2020 normals,[c]extremes 1892−present[d]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 84
(29) 		85
(29) 		92
(33) 		96
(36) 		100
(38) 		108
(42) 		108
(42) 		105
(41) 		105
(41) 		103
(39) 		88
(31) 		83
(28) 		108
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 73.9
(23.3) 		76.8
(24.9) 		83.9
(28.8) 		88.0
(31.1) 		93.6
(34.2) 		97.5
(36.4) 		99.1
(37.3) 		98.7
(37.1) 		95.1
(35.1) 		88.9
(31.6) 		81.8
(27.7) 		75.9
(24.4) 		100.3
(37.9)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 59.3
(15.2) 		63.4
(17.4) 		70.6
(21.4) 		77.9
(25.5) 		85.8
(29.9) 		90.9
(32.7) 		93.5
(34.2) 		92.2
(33.4) 		87.6
(30.9) 		78.9
(26.1) 		69.1
(20.6) 		61.3
(16.3) 		77.5
(25.3)
Daily mean °F (°C) 47.6
(8.7) 		51.2
(10.7) 		57.7
(14.3) 		64.5
(18.1) 		72.9
(22.7) 		79.5
(26.4) 		82.5
(28.1) 		81.4
(27.4) 		76.2
(24.6) 		66.0
(18.9) 		55.8
(13.2) 		49.5
(9.7) 		65.4
(18.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 35.9
(2.2) 		39.1
(3.9) 		44.9
(7.2) 		51.0
(10.6) 		60.0
(15.6) 		68.1
(20.1) 		71.5
(21.9) 		70.7
(21.5) 		64.8
(18.2) 		53.2
(11.8) 		42.5
(5.8) 		37.8
(3.2) 		53.3
(11.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 19.0
(−7.2) 		22.4
(−5.3) 		27.2
(−2.7) 		34.8
(1.6) 		45.0
(7.2) 		58.3
(14.6) 		64.8
(18.2) 		62.1
(16.7) 		51.1
(10.6) 		35.6
(2.0) 		26.5
(−3.1) 		22.8
(−5.1) 		17.0
(−8.3)
Record low °F (°C) −6
(−21) 		8
(−13) 		14
(−10) 		28
(−2) 		40
(4) 		46
(8) 		54
(12) 		55
(13) 		35
(2) 		26
(−3) 		10
(−12) 		5
(−15) 		−6
(−21)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 4.32
(110) 		4.17
(106) 		4.31
(109) 		3.62
(92) 		2.65
(67) 		4.44
(113) 		4.79
(122) 		4.38
(111) 		3.66
(93) 		2.63
(67) 		3.37
(86) 		4.57
(116) 		46.91
(1,192)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.4
(1.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.7
(1.8)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) 10.2 9.2 9.4 8.2 7.5 11.2 11.3 10.2 7.1 6.3 7.7 9.4 107.7
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7
Averagerelative humidity(%) 70.2 67.2 66.6 64.8 68.5 70.7 74.2 76.1 76.4 71.2 71.1 70.9 70.7
Mean monthlysunshine hours 179.5 192.2 250.8 283.2 315.3 300.0 293.9 288.0 247.4 253.7 200.2 182.2 2,986.4
Percentpossible sunshine 56 62 67 73 73 70 67 70 67 72 64 59 67
Source:NOAA(snow 1981–2010, relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)[29][32][33][34]

Surrounding cities and towns

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Main article:Macon, Georgia metropolitan area
Downtown Macon at night in 2008

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18403,297—
18505,72073.5%
18608,24744.2%
187010,81031.1%
188012,74917.9%
189022,74678.4%
190023,2722.3%
191040,66574.7%
192052,99530.3%
193053,8291.6%
194057,8657.5%
195070,25221.4%
196069,764−0.7%
1970122,42375.5%
1980116,896−4.5%
1990106,612−8.8%
200097,255−8.8%
201091,351−6.1%
2020157,34672.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[35]
1850-1870[36]1870-1880[37]
1890-1910[38]1920-1930[39]
1940[40]1950[41]1960[42]
1970[43]1980[44]1990[45]
2000[46]2010[47]2020[48]
Location of the Macon-Warner Robins-Fort Valley CSA and its components:
Macon Metropolitan Statistical Area
Warner Robins Metropolitan Statistical Area

Macon is the largest principal city in theMacon-Warner Robins-Fort Valley CSA,acombined statistical areathat includes theMacon metropolitan area(Bibb,Crawford,Jones,Monroe,andTwiggscounties) and theWarner Robins metropolitan area(Houston,Peach,andPulaskicounties) with a combined population of 411,898 in the2010 census.[3]

Macon-Bibb County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[49] Pop 2010[50] Pop 2020[48] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
Whitealone (NH) 34,050 25,296 56,787 35.01% 27.69% 36.09%
Black or African Americanalone (NH) 60,503 61,768 85,234 62.21% 67.62% 54.17%
Native AmericanorAlaska Nativealone (NH) 177 146 281 0.18% 0.16% 0.18%
Asianalone (NH) 608 683 3,209 0.63% 0.75% 2.04%
Pacific Islanderalone (NH) 27 28 42 0.03% 0.03% 0.03%
Other racealone (NH) 60 97 602 0.06% 0.11% 0.38%
Mixed race or Multiracial(NH) 664 1,069 4,454 0.68% 1.17% 2.83%
Hispanic or Latino(any race) 1,166 2,264 6,737 1.20% 2.48% 4.28%
Total 97,255 91,351 157,346 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the official 2010 U.S.census,[3]the population of Macon was 91,351. In the last official census, in 2000, there were 97,255 people, 38,444 households, and 24,219 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,742.8 inhabitants per square mile (672.9/km2). There were 44,341 housing units at an average density of 794.6 per square mile (306.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 67.94%African American,28.56%White,0.02%Native American,0.65%Asian,0.03%Pacific Islander,0.46% fromother races,and 0.77% from two or more races.HispanicorLatinopeople of any race were 2.48% of the population. By the 2020 census, its population increased to 157,346.

There were 38,444 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.0% weremarried couplesliving together, 25.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.7 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 72.8 males.

Crime

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Since 2020, crime has become a higher concern in the city. In 2022, Macon set a homicide record with 70 homicides.[51]In 2023, Macon had the highest crime rate in Georgia. Macon had a crime rate of 52.6 crimes per 1,000 residents.[52]Gang activity is a major reason for the crime problem in Macon.[53]TheGeorgia Bureau of Investigationexpanded its Gang Task Force Office to Macon in 2023.[54]As of 2024, crime has reduced in Macon compared to 2022 and 2023.[55][56]

Economy

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The aerospace, advanced manufacturing, food processing, healthcare, professional services, and warehouse and distribution industries drive the economy in Macon-Bibb County. Long-standing large private employers includeMercer University,GEICO's Southeast Corporate Headquarters,YKKUSA, andNorfolk Southern Railway's Brosnan Yard.

The decline of the textile industry in the South, along with the shuttering of other large manufacturing operations, such as the closing of theBrown and Williamsonplant in 2006, caused a decline in the city's economy in the 2000s. In recent years, the city has successfully landed numerous new employers to diversify the economy, such as Irving Consumer Products and Kuhmo Tire manufacturing plants, as well as multiple aerospace employers at theMiddle Georgia Regional Airport,including anEmbraeraircraft maintenance facility.[57]

The health care and social assistance sector is the largest industry in Macon by number of employees,[58]with theAtrium HealthNavicent and Piedmont Healthcare Macon hospital systems, two of the city's largest employers, making Macon the healthcare hub for the Middle and South Georgia regions.

Personal income

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The 2010 Census listed Macon's median household income as $28,366, below the state average of $49,347. The median family income was $37,268. Full-time working males had a median income of $34,163, higher than the $28,082 for females. The city'sper capita incomewas $17,010. About 24.1% of families and 30.6% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 43.6% of those under age 18 and 18.4% of those over 65.[59]

Retail

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Malls includeThe Shoppes at River Crossing,Macon Mall,and Eisenhower Crossing. Traditional[clarification needed]shopping centers are in the downtown area and Ingleside Village.[60]

Military

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Macon is the headquarters of the48th Infantry Brigade Combat Team,Georgia Army National Guard.

The largest single-site industrial complex in Georgia,[61]Robins Air Force Base,is 10 miles south of Macon on Highway 247, just east ofWarner Robins.

Arts and culture

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Musical heritage

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Macon has been home for numerous musicians and composers, includingEmmett Miller,The Allman Brothers Band,Randy Crawford,Mark Heard,Lucille Hegamin,Ben Johnston,Otis Redding,Little Richard,Mike Mills,[62]andBill BerryofR.E.M.,as well as more recent artists likeviolinistRobert McDuffieandcountryartistJason Aldean.[clarification needed]Capricorn Records,run by Macon nativesPhil Waldenand briefly Alan Walden, made the city aSouthern rockmusic production center in the late 1960s and 1970s.[63]

The Macon Symphony Orchestra,[64]a youth symphony, and the Middle Georgia Concert Band perform at theGrand Opera Houseindowntown Macon.[65]

TheGeorgia Music Hall of Famewas located in Macon from 1996 to 2011.[66]

Festivals

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Cherry Blossom Festival
Georgia State Fair
  • International Cherry Blossom Festival- a 10-day celebration held every mid-March in Macon.
  • The Mulberry Street Festival[67]- an arts and crafts festival held downtown the last weekend of March.
  • The Juneteenth Freedom Festival - An annual June performing arts and educational celebration of the end of American slavery in 1865, celebrating black freedom and heritage both ancient and contemporary.[68]
  • Pan African Festival - An annual celebration of theAfrican diasporaand culture, held in April
  • Ocmulgee Indigenous Celebration - A celebration of the original residents of the land where Macon now sits, this festival is held every third weekend in September[69]atOcmulgee Mounds National Historical Park.[70]Representatives from theCherokee,Chickasaw,Choctaw,Creek,Seminole,and other nations come to share stories, exhibit Native art, and perform traditional songs and dance.
  • Skydog[71]is a music festival celebrating the birthday, life, and music of Skydog (Duane Allman) held in November.
  • TheGeorgia Music Hall of Famehosts Georgia Music Week in September.
  • Macon's annual Bragg Jam festival features an Art and Kids' Festival along the Ocmulgee Heritage Trail and a nighttime Pub Crawl.
  • Macon Film Festival[72]- an annual celebration of independent films, held the third weekend in July

Points of interest

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Fort Benjamin Hawkins

Historical sites

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Museums

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  • The Allman Brothers Band Museum- the "Big House" used by the Allman Brothers Band in the early 1970s, now a museum of Allman Brothers history and artifacts
  • The Georgia Children's Museum[76]- interactive education, located in the downtown Museum District
  • Georgia Sports Hall of Fame
  • The Little Richard House and Museum - a museum of Little Richard's history and artifacts
  • Museum of Arts and Sciencesand Planetarium
  • Tubman Museumof African American Art, History, and Culture - the largest African American museum in the Southeast

Community

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  • City Hall,Georgia's capital for part of the Civil War
Macon City Auditorium- featuring the world's largest true copper dome
  • Douglass Theatre,named for its founder Charles Henry Douglass. An entrepreneur from a prominent black family, he was an established theatre developer well versed in the vaudeville and entertainment business. The theatre has undergone modern renovations and hosts numerous theatrical events.
  • TheGrand Opera House,where the Macon Symphony Orchestra performs
  • Hay House- also known as the "Johnston-Felton-Hay House," it has been referred to as the "Palace of the South"[77]
  • City Auditorium,the world's largest true copper dome[78]
  • Macon Coliseum
  • Macon Little Theatre, established in 1934, is the area's oldest community theatre, producing seven plays/musicals per season
  • Waddell Barnes Botanical Gardens
  • Theatre Macon, in the old Ritz Theatre; they perform around nine shows a year

Sports

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Macon is home to theMercer Bears,withNCAA Division Iteams insoccer(men's and women's),football,baseball,basketball(men's and women's),tennis,andlacrosse.Central Georgia Technical Collegecompetes in men's and women's basketball. Wesleyan College, a women's school, has basketball,soccer,cross country,tennis,softball,andvolleyballteams.

Club Sport League Venue
Macon Bacon[79] Baseball Coastal Plain League Luther Williams Field
Macon Mayhem Ice hockey SPHL Macon Coliseum

Former teams

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Club Sport League Venue Active
Macon State CollegeBlue Storm Various NCCAA Various 2009–2013
Macon Central City/Hornets Baseball Southern League Central City Park 1892–1894
Macon Highlanders/Brigands/Peaches/Tigers Baseball South Atlantic League Central City Park andLuther Williams Field 1904–1917, 1923–1930
Macon Peaches/Dodgers/Redbirds/Pirates Baseball Southeastern League(1932), South Atlantic League (1936–42, 1946–60, 1962–63, 1980–87),Southern Association(1961), Southern League (1964, 1966–67) Luther Williams Field 1932, 1936–1942, 1946–1960, 1961–1964, 1966–1967, 1980–1982
Macon Braves Baseball South Atlantic League Luther Williams Field 1991–2002
Macon Peaches Baseball Southeastern League Luther Williams Field 2003
Macon Music Baseball South Coast League Luther Williams Field 2007
Macon Pinetoppers Baseball Peach State League Luther Williams Field 2010
Macon Blaze Basketball World Basketball Association Macon Coliseum 2005
Macon Whoopees Ice hockey Southern Hockey League Macon Coliseum 1974
Macon Whoopee Ice hockey Central Hockey League(1996-2001),ECHL(2001-02) Macon Coliseum 1996–2002
Macon Trax Ice hockey Atlantic Coast Hockey League(2002–03),World Hockey Association 2(2003-04), Southern Professional Hockey League (2004–05) Macon Coliseum 2002–2005
Macon Knights Arena football af2 Macon Coliseum 2001–2006
Macon Steel Indoor football American Indoor Football Macon Coliseum 2012
Georgia Doom Indoor football American Arena League Macon Coliseum 2018–2019
Middle Georgia United Soccer UPSL Cavalier Fields 2021-2021

Parks and recreation

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The city maintains several parks and community centers.[80]

Ocmulgee Riverwalk
Central City Skatepark
Central City Park, 1877
  • Ocmulgee Heritage Trail - a green way of parks, plazas, and landmarks along theOcmulgee Riverin downtown Macon
  • Bloomfield Park
  • East Macon Park
  • Frank Johnson Recreation Center
  • Freedom Park
  • L.H. Williams Community School Center
  • Memorial Park
  • North Macon Park
  • Rosa Jackson
  • Senior Center
  • John Drew Smith Tennis Center
  • Tattnall Square Tennis Center
  • Charles H. Jones Gateway Park[81]
  • Carolyn Crayton Park (formerly Central City Park)[82]
  • Central City Skatepark

Baconsfield Park

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U.S. SenatorAugustus Bacon,of Georgia, in his 1911 will, devised land in Macon in trust, to be used as a public park for the exclusive benefit of white people. The park, known as Baconsfield, was operated in that manner for many years.[83]InEvans v. Newton,[84]theSupreme Court of the United Statesheld that the park could not continue to be operated on a racially discriminatory basis. TheSupreme Court of Georgiathereupon declared "that the sole purpose for which the trust was created has become impossible of accomplishment" and remanded the case to the trial court, which heldcy-prèsdoctrine to be inapplicable, since the park's segregated character was an essential and inseparable part of Bacon's plan. The trial court ruled that the trust failed and that the property reverted to Bacon's heirs. The Supreme Court of Georgia[85]and the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed.[86]The 50-acre (20 ha) park was lost and commercially developed.[87]

Government

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See also:List of mayors of Macon, Georgia
Macon City Hall

Prior to 2013, the city government consisted of a mayor and city council.Robert Reichertwas elected the first mayor of the consolidated Macon-Bibb County in October 2013.[27]There are also 9 County Commissioners elected from districts within the county.[24]

On March 15, 2019, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission charged the former County Manager, Dale M. Walker, with fraud.[88]

Education

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Mercer University
Georgia Academy for the Blind

Public schools

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Bibb County Public School Districtoperates district public schools.

Public high schools include:

Georgia Academy for the Blind,operated by the state of Georgia, is a statewide school for blind students.[94]

Also operated by Bibb County Public Schools:

  • Elam Alexander Academy[95]
  • Northwoods Academy[96]

Private high schools

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Macon is home to several private high schools, many of which were established assegregation academiesfor parents wishing to avoid the desegration of private schools, with the exception of Mount de Sales Academy.[97]

State public charter schools

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  • The Academy for Classical Education[99]
  • Cirrus Academy Charter School[100][101]

Colleges and universities

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Approximately 30,000 college students live in the greater Macon area.[102]

Media

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See also:List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state),Template:Macon Radio,andTemplate:Macon TV

Macon has a substantial number of local television and radio stations. It is also served by two local papers.

Newspapers and magazines

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  • The 11th Hour
  • Gateway Macon (web portal), The Local's Guide for Things To Do in Macon
  • Macon Business Journal,a journal chronicling the business community in the Middle Georgia region
  • Macon Community News,a monthly positive news print newspaper
  • The Mercer Cluster
  • The Telegraph,a daily newspaper published in Macon
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The Simpsons

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In "Bart on the Road",the Season 7 episode ofThe Simpsons,characterNelson Muntzsuggests the boys take a road trip to Macon. Later he reminds the group that none of their trouble would have happened had they chosen Macon overKnoxville, Tennessee.

Gone with the Wind

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InMargaret Mitchell's novelGone with the Wind,Aunt Pittypat's coachman, Uncle Peter, protected her when she fled to Macon duringSherman's assault onAtlanta.

Telltale'sThe Walking Dead

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The city of Macon is visited inThe Walking Deadepisodic adventure game byTelltale Gamesand its standalone DLC400 Days.

InSeason One,the city is portrayed as a small rural town and is visited by the main characters as they temporarily set up camp in the city. The city is the hometown of the game's main protagonist and the playable character throughout the game,Lee Everett.He and the other survivors barricade themselves inside his family's pharmacy as they are besieged by zombies. After one of the survivors dies, the group heads to a motel on the outskirts of Macon where they set up camp for two more episodes, before eventually deciding to leave the city forSavannah.

In400 Days,the city is briefly shown in the episode "Vince's Story" as a flashback to when the episode's main character, Vince, fatally shoots an unseen and unnamed resident of the city before fleeing into the night before the apocalypse began. This murder would ultimately lead to Vince's arrest and the events that occurred at the beginning of the zombie apocalypse.

Infrastructure

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Hospitals

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Transportation

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Airports

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Highways

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Interstates:

U.S. Routes:

State Routes:

Mass transit

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MTA-MAC City Bus

TheMacon Transit Authority(MTA) is Macon's public-transit system, operating the Public Transit City Bus System throughout Macon-Bibb County. As of 2022, the MTA has a total of 10 city bus routes, operating out of theTerminal Stationhub.[107]

Intercity bus and rail

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Greyhound Linesprovides intercity bus service. In 2019, they moved from a stand-alone bus station to the Terminal Station to be in the same hub as the local mass transit busses.[108]

Macon grew as a center of rail transport after the 1846 opening of theMacon and Western Railroad.[109]Two of the most note-worthy train companies operating through the city were theCentral of Georgia Railwayand theSouthern Railway.The city continued to be served by passenger trains at Terminal Station until 1971. TheFrisco Railroad'sKansas City–Florida Specialserved the city until 1964.[110]The Southern'sRoyal Palmran from Cincinnati, through Macon, toMiami, Floridauntil 1966. (A truncated route served to Valdosta, Georgia until 1970.) The Central of Georgia'sNancy Hanksran through Macon, fromAtlantatoSavannahuntil 1971. Since at least 2006 Macon has been included in the proposedGeorgia Rail Passenger Programto restore inter-city rail service but as of 2020, Georgia lacks any inter-city passenger rail service other than the federally funded inter-stateAmtrakservices. In 2022,Amtrakannounced a new fifteen year plan to expand its services, which Macon was included in.[111]

Pedestrians and cycling

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  • Heritage Trail
  • Ocmulgee Heritage Trail

Notable people

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Main article:List of people from Macon, Georgia

Sister cities

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Macon has sixsister cities,as designated bySister Cities International,Inc. (SCI):[112]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^The record number of triple-digit (Fahrenheit) readings is 24 in 1954.[29]
  2. ^The historical range is 31 in 1994 to 116 in 2011.[29]
  3. ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  4. ^Official records for Macon were kept at downtown from October 1892 to 7 April 1899, the Weather Bureau from 8 April 1899 to November 1948, and at Middle Georgia Regional Airport since December 1948. For more information, seeThreadEx.

References

edit
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  4. ^ab"US Board on Geographic Names".United States Geological Survey.October 25, 2007.RetrievedJanuary 31,2008.
  5. ^"QuickFacts: Macon-Bibb County, Georgia".United States Census Bureau. May 2024.RetrievedAugust 7,2024.
  6. ^ab"Macon-Bibb County consolidation wins with strong majorities".The Macon Telegraph.July 31, 2012. Archived fromthe originalon July 19, 2014.RetrievedAugust 1,2012.
  7. ^ab"Georgia Encyclopedia".Georgia Encyclopedia. May 20, 2009. Archived fromthe originalon September 6, 2011.RetrievedMay 30,2012.
  8. ^abc"Fort Hawkins".cityofmacon.net.Archived from the original on September 19, 2010.RetrievedJune 25,2017.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  9. ^Gannett, Henry (1905).The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States.U.S. Government Printing Office. p.195.
  10. ^abDavis, Robert Scott (2007)."A Cotton Kingdom Retooled for War: The Macon Arsenal and the Confederate Ordnance Establishment".Georgia Historical Quarterly.91(3): 266–291.RetrievedFebruary 15,2018.
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  46. ^"2000 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia"(PDF).United States Census Bureau.2000.
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  51. ^"Bibb Co. Coroner reacts to 2022 record breaking homicide numbers".January 2, 2023.
  52. ^"Study: Bibb County revealed as Georgia's crime capital".December 13, 2023.
  53. ^"13Investigates: Former Macon gang member talks how gangs operate and how he got out".February 16, 2023.
  54. ^"GBI Expands Gang Task Force to Middle Georgia | Georgia Bureau of Investigation".
  55. ^"Yes, so far this year, crime is down in Macon-Bibb County | VERIFY".WMAZ.April 18, 2024.RetrievedApril 23,2024.
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  61. ^"Robins Air Force Base".Military.RetrievedJanuary 29,2017.
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  89. ^"School Listing".Bibb County Board of Education.RetrievedJuly 2,2012.
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  93. ^"School Listing".Bibb County Board of Education.RetrievedJuly 2,2012.
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  96. ^http://schools.bibb.k12.ga.us/butler[dead link]
  97. ^Manis, Andrew Michael(2004).Macon Black and White: An Unutterable Separation in the American Century.Mercer University Press. p. 312.ISBN9780865549586.
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  99. ^"Academy for Classical Education".Acemacon.org.RetrievedJanuary 29,2017.
  100. ^Cirrus Academy Charter School
  101. ^Madison Cavalchire (August 1, 2016)."New charter school opens in Macon; 13 WMAZ".13wmaz.RetrievedDecember 4,2021.
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Bibliography

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Published in 19th century

Published in 20th century

  • Allen D. Candler;Clement A. Evans,eds. (1906). "Macon".Georgia: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons Arranged in Cyclopedic Form.Vol. 2. Atlanta: State Historical Association. pp. 511+.hdl:2027/mdp.39015027784332.
  • Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911)."Macon".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 267.
  • Federal Writers' Project(1940),"Macon",Georgia: a Guide to Its Towns and Countryside,American Guide Series,Athens: University of Georgia Press, p. 102+
  • Ida Young, Julius Gholson, and Clara Nell Hargrove. History of Macon, Georgia (Macon, Ga.: Lyon, Marshall & Brooks, 1950).
  • John A. Eisterhold. "Commercial, Financial, and Industrial Macon, Georgia, During the 1840s",The Georgia Historical Quarterly,Winter 1969, Vol. 53 Issue 4, pp 424–441
  • James H. Stone. "Economic Conditions in Macon, Georgia in the 1830s",The Georgia Historical Quarterly,Summer 1970, Vol. 54 Issue 2, pp 209–225
  • Bowling C. Yates. "Macon, Georgia, Inland Trading Center 1826–1836",The Georgia Historical Quarterly,Fall 1971, Vol. 55 Issue 3, pp 365–377
  • McInvale, Morton Ray "Macon, Georgia: The War Years, 1861–1865" (Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, 1973)
  • Roger K. Hux. "The Ku Klux Klan in Macon 1919–1925",The Georgia Historical Quarterly,Summer 1978, Vol. 62 Issue 2, pp 155–168
  • Nancy Anderson, Macon: A Pictorial History (Virginia Beach, Va.: Donning, 1979).
  • Donnie D. Bellamy. "Macon, Georgia, 1823–1860: A Study in Urban Slavery",Phylon45 (December 1984): 300–304, 308–309
  • Kristina Simms. Macon, Georgia's Central City: An Illustrated History (Chatsworth, Calif.: Windsor, 1989).
  • Titus Brown. "Origins of African American Education in Macon, Georgia 1865–1866",Journal of South Georgia History,Oct 1996, Vol. 11, pp 43–59
  • Macon: An Architectural Historical Guide (Macon, Ga.: Middle Georgia Historical Society, 1996).
  • Macon's Black Heritage: The Untold Story (Macon, Ga.: Tubman African American Museum, 1997).
  • Matthew W. Norman. "James H. Burton and the Confederate States Armory at Macon",The Georgia Historical Quarterly,Winter 1997, Vol. 81 Issue 4, pp 974–987
  • Titus Brown. "A New England Missionary and African-American Education in Macon: Raymond G. Von Tobel at the Ballard Normal School, 1908–1935",The Georgia Historical Quarterly,Summer 1998, Vol. 82 Issue 2, pp 283–304
  • Robert S. Davis.Cotton, Fire, & Dreams: The Robert Findlay Iron Works and Heavy Industry in Macon, Georgia, 1839–1912(Macon, Ga., 1998)
  • Richard W. Iobst (2009) [1999].Civil War Macon: The History of a Confederate City.Mercer University Press.ISBN978-0-88146-172-5.
  • Jeanne Herring (2000).Macon, Georgia.Black America. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia.

Published in 21st century

  • Tracy Maurer (2001).Macon Celebrates the Millennium.Montgomery, Ala.: Community Communications.ISBN1581920342.
  • Andrew Michael Manis(2004).Macon Black and White: An Unutterable Separation in the American Century.Mercer University Press.ISBN978-0-86554-958-6.
  • Paul T. Hellmann (2006). "Georgia: Macon".Historical Gazetteer of the United States.Taylor & Francis.ISBN1-135-94859-3.
  • Robert Scott Davis. "A Cotton Kingdom Retooled for War: The Macon Arsenal and the Confederate Ordnance Establishment",The Georgia Historical Quarterly,Fall 2007, Vol. 91 Issue 3, pp 266–291
  • Candace Dyer, Street Singers, Soul Shakers, Rebels with a Cause: Music from Macon (Macon, Ga.: Indigo Publishing Group, 2008).
  • Mara L. Keire.For Business and Pleasure: Red-Light Districts and the Regulation of Vice in the United States, 1890–1933(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010); 248 pages; History and popular culture of districts in Macon, Ga., and other cities
  • Macon.Images of America. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia. 2013.ISBN9781467111157.
  • Wynne, Ben, Something in the Water: A History of Music in Macon, Georgia, 1823-1980 (Mercer University Press, 2021)
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