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Makoto Iwamatsu(Nham tùng tin,Iwamatsu Makoto,December 10, 1933 – July 21, 2006)was aJapanese-Americanactor, creditedmononymouslyin almost all of his acting roles as simplyMako(マコ). His career in film, on television, and on stage spanned 5 decades and 165 productions. He was anAcademy Award,Golden Globe AwardandTony Awardnominee.
Mako | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nham tùng tin | |||||
Born | Makoto Iwamatsu December 10, 1933 | ||||
Died | July 21, 2006 Somis, California,U.S. | (aged 72)||||
Other names | Mako Iwamatsu | ||||
Citizenship |
| ||||
Alma mater | Pratt Institute School of Architecture Pasadena Playhouse | ||||
Occupation | Actor | ||||
Years active | 1959–2006 | ||||
Spouse | Shizuko Hoshi | ||||
Children | 2 | ||||
Parent(s) | Taro Yashima(father) Mitsu Yashima(mother) | ||||
Japanese name | |||||
Kanji | Nham tùng tin | ||||
Hiragana | いわまつ まこと | ||||
Katakana | イワマツ マコト | ||||
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Born and raised inKobe,Mako moved to the United States after theSecond World War,where his dissident parents had moved to escape political persecution. After serving with theU.S. Armyduring theKorean War,he trained in acting at thePasadena Playhouseand later co-founded theEast West Players.[1]His role as Po-Han (his second credited role on film) in the 1966 filmThe Sand Pebblessaw him nominated for theAcademy Award[2]and theGolden Globe Award[3]for Best Supporting Actor.
Other various roles included Kichijiro in the1971 film adaptationofSilence,Oomiak "The Fearless One" inThe Island at the Top of the World(1974),[4]Akiro the Wizard inConan the Barbarian(1982) andConan the Destroyer(1984), and KungoTsaronginSeven Years in Tibet(1997). He was part of the original cast ofStephen Sondheim's 1976Broadway musicalPacific Overtures,which earned him aTony Awardnomination forBest Actor in a Musical.Later in his career, he became well known for his voice acting roles, including Mr. Yamaguchi inRugrats in Paris: The Movie,Aku in the first four seasons ofSamurai Jack(2001–04), andIrohin the first two seasons ofAvatar: The Last Airbender(2005–06).
He died on July 21, 2006, at the age of 72 fromesophageal cancer.[5][6]
Early life and education
editMako was born Makoto Iwamatsu inKobe,Japan,[7]the son of children's authors and illustrators Tomoe Sasako and Atsushi Iwamatsu, better known by their pen namesMitsuandTaro Yashima.In 1939, his parents, who were political dissidents, moved to the United States, leaving Mako in the care of his grandmother.[8][9]Because his parents lived on the East Coast, they were notinternedduringWorld War II;instead they opted to work for theU.S. Office of War Informationand were later granted residency.[7]They arranged for him to join them in 1949, when he was fifteen years old.[10]
Iwamatsu's father owned an art studio in New York City, and as a teenager he became acquainted with painterHiroshi Honda.Though he facedracial discrimination,Iwamatsu bonded with his high school peers overbaseball,and was scouted by theCleveland Indians.[10]
Though he had an interest in dramatics, Iwamatsu did not believe an artistic career was financially viable, and enrolled in thePratt Institute School of Architecturewhile working in his father's print shop.[10][11][12]
He later enlisted in theU.S. Armyin November 1953 and served until October 1955, during which he performed in plays for his fellow soldiers.[5][7][8][13]He then trained at thePasadena Playhouseand adopted the mononymMako,as he found most people had difficulty pronouncing his full name. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1956.[7][8]
Career
editFilm
editMako's first film role was inNever So Few(1959). He was nominated for anAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actorfor his role as engine-room worker Po-Han in the filmThe Sand Pebbles(1966).[8]Other roles include the Chinese contract laborer Mun Ki in the epic movieThe Hawaiians(1970) starringCharlton HestonandTina Chen;Oomiak, the Inuit guide, in Disney'sThe Island at the Top of the World(1974); Yuen Chung in the filmThe Killer Elite(1975) directed by Sam Peckinpah and starring James Caan, Robert Duvall, and the martial artistTakayuki Kubota;the sorcerer Nakano inHighlander III: The Sorcerer;Jackie Chan's uncle/sifu in Chan's first American movieThe Big Brawl(1980); the wizard Akiro oppositeArnold Schwarzeneggerin the two Conan moviesConan the BarbarianandConan the Destroyer;the confidant toChuck Norris' rogue cop in the thrillerAn Eye for an Eye(1982); the Japanese spy in the comedyUnder the Rainbow.In 1990, he had a minor role in the psychological thrillerPacific Heightsalong withMatthew Modine,Melanie GriffithandMichael Keaton;Yoshida-san inRising Sun;Mr. Lee inSidekicks;Kanemitsu inRoboCop 3(1993); and Kungo Tsarong inSeven Years in Tibet(1997).
He also appeared in some Japanese television dramas and films, such asMasahiro Shinoda'sOwls' CastleandTakashi Miike'sThe Bird People in China.
Mako was cast as the historic AdmiralIsoroku Yamamotoin the epic dramaPearl Harbor(2001). He also had a role inBulletproof Monk(2003). In 2005, Mako had a cameo role inMemoirs of a Geisha.Mako's last leading role was in the filmCages(2005), written and directed byGraham Streeter.He voiced Master Splinter in the filmTMNT,released posthumously in 2007 as his final credited role.
Theater
editIn 1965, frustrated by the limited roles available to Asian-American actors, Mako and six others formed theEast West Playerstheater company, first performing out of a church basement. During the company's 1981 season, to coincide with theCommission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians' hearings onredress,Mako exclusively produced plays about the Japanese American incarceration.[14]He remained artistic director of the company until 1989.
Mako'sBroadwaycareer included creating the roles of the Reciter, theshōgun,and the Chicago-based inventor of therickshaw,in the original 1976 production ofStephen Sondheim'sBroadway musicalPacific Overtures,for which he was nominated for aTony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical.[15]Mako's landlord at the time,Jerry Orbach,was also nominated for his role inChicago;both lost, however, toGeorge Rosefrom the revival ofMy Fair Lady.Mako recalled being awoken at 4:30 in the morning after the Tony ceremony by Orbach, who was shouting from the floor below: "Hey, Mako! What the fuck happened? I can't believe it; we lost to a fucking revival!".[16]Mako reprised the role and directed the musical's production with the East West Players,[17]and further reprised the role in a production at theSan Jose Civic Light Operain 1991.[18]He also starred in the limited run of the playShimadain 1992.
Television
editMako appeared on the television seriesMcHale's Navyseveral times, playing Imperial Japanese officers, soldiers and sailors. In 1965, he appeared onGidgetas a member of a rival surf group. He later appeared on the television seriesM*A*S*H,playing multiple roles such as a Chinese doctor, a North Korean soldier, a South Korean medical doctor and a South Korean lieutenant. He appeared in an episode of the seriesThe Time Tunnelas Lt. Nakamura in 1967. He appeared in an episode of the seriesKung Fuas Wong Ti Lu in 1972. In 1974, he appeared in theIronsideepisode "Terror on Grant Avenue". He appeared as a Japanese chef in theColumboepisode "Murder Under Glass" (1978). He was the blind philosopher Li Sung in two episodes ofThe Incredible Hulk.He also appeared on an episode ofMagnum, P.I.entitled "The Arrow That Is Not Aimed" (1983). Mako also appeared in an episode ofF Troop.He appeared as Lo Sing, fightingBruce Lee'sKatocharacter inThe Green Hornetepisode "The Preying Mantis". He played the character Lin Duk Coo in an episode ofThe A-Team.He guest-starred in an episode of season one ofFrasieras well as in an episode ofTour of Dutyas a Vietnamese scout. He also was aguest starin theMonkepisode "Mr. Monk vs. The Cobra". He guest-starred in theWalker, Texas Rangerepisodes "Heart of the Dragon" (1997) and "Black Dragons" (2000), and appeared onCharmedin 2003, creating magic for Chris (played byDrew Fuller).
He was the voice ofAku,the main antagonist in the animated seriesSamurai Jackfor the first four seasons produced from 2001 to 2004, and again in the series finale which used his original audio. He also voiced Achoo (a parody of Aku) and the annoying alarm clock Happy Cat in aSamurai Jack-parodying episode ofDuck Dodgersentitled "Samurai Quack". He provided the introductory voice for the ending theme ofDexter's Laboratoryand voicedIrohin the first two seasons ofAvatar: The Last Airbenderfrom2005to2006.He had a guest appearance in theNickelodeonfilmRugrats in Paris: The Movieas the Boss of Coco. He guest-starred inThe West Wingepisode "A Good Day"as an economics professor and former rival ofPresident Bartlet.He was also featured in Season 3 Episode 13 ofThe Facts of Life,entitled "The Americanization of Miko".
Video games
editMako made his video game debut with the role of the goblin Grubjub inLionheart: Legacy of the Crusader(2003). In the same year, he also voiced General Han Yu Kim inTrue Crime: Streets of LA,Masataka Shima inMedal of Honor: Rising Sun,and various voices inSecret Weapons Over Normandy.In 2004, Mako voiced the narrator in the gameWrath Unleashed,and Aku inSamurai Jack: The Shadow of Aku.
Personal life
editMako was married to actressShizuko Hoshi,with whom he had two daughters (both of whom are actresses) and three grandchildren.[5]
Death
editMako died inSomis, California,on July 21, 2006, at the age of 72, fromesophageal cancer.[5]Prior to his death, he had completed voice work forTMNTas the voice ofSplinter,with the film being dedicated to him.[19][20][21]
TheAvatar: The Last Airbenderepisode "The Tales of Ba Sing Se"is dedicated to Mako. In the sequel seriesThe Legend of Korra,main cast memberMakois named after him.
After Mako's death,Greg Baldwinreplaced him as Aku inSamurai Jackand Iroh inAvatar: The Last AirbenderandThe Legend of Korra.
Filmography
editFilm
editYear | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1959 | Never So Few | Soldier in Hospital | Uncredited |
1965 | McHale's Navy Joins the Air Force | Japanese Submarine Captain | Uncredited |
1966 | The Ugly Dachshund | Kenji | |
The Sand Pebbles | Po-Han | Nominated –Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor[22] Nominated –Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor — Motion Picture[23] | |
1968 | The Private Navy of Sgt. O'Farrell | Calvin Coolidge Ishimura | |
1969 | The Great Bank Robbery | Secret Agent Fong | |
1970 | The Hawaiians | Mun Ki | |
Fools | Psychiatrist | ||
1971 | Silence | Kichijiro | |
1972 | Yokohama Mama | Rooster | Voice, short |
1974 | The Island at the Top of the World | Oomiak | |
1975 | Prisoners | Sergeant Nguyen | |
The Killer Elite | Yuen Chung | ||
1980 | The Big Brawl | Herbert | |
Hito Hata: Raise the Banner | Oda | ||
1981 | Under the Rainbow | Nakomuri | |
An Eye for an Eye | James Chan | ||
The Bushido Blade | Enjiro | ||
1982 | Conan the Barbarian | Akiro The Wizard | |
1983 | Testament | Mike | |
The Last Ninja | Aitaro Sakura | ||
1984 | Conan the Destroyer | Akiro The Wizard | |
1986 | Behind Enemy Lines | Captain Vinh | |
Armed Response | Akira Tanaka | ||
1988 | Silent Assassins | Oyama | |
Tucker: The Man and His Dream | Jimmy | ||
The Wash | Nobu Matsumoto | ||
1989 | An Unremarkable Life | Max Chin | |
1990 | Pu guang ren wu | Trang | |
Taking Care of Business | Mr. Sakamoto | ||
Pacific Heights | Toshio Watanabe | ||
1991 | The Perfect Weapon | Kim | |
Sutoroberi rodo | Frank Machida | ||
1992 | My Samurai | Mr. Tszing | |
Sidekicks | Mr. Lee | ||
1993 | RoboCop 3 | Mr. Kanemitsu | |
Rising Sun | Mr. Yoshida | ||
1994 | Cultivating Charlie | Katsu | |
Red Sun Rising | Buntoro Iga | ||
A Dangerous Place | Sensei | ||
Highlander III: The Sorcerer | Nakano | ||
1995 | Midnight Man | Buun Som | |
Crying Freeman | Shudo Shimazaki | ||
1996 | Balance of Power | Todo Matsumoto | |
Sworn to Justice | Mr. Young | ||
1997 | Sacred Trust | Mr. Jordan | |
Seven Years in Tibet | Kungo Tsarong | ||
1998 | The Bird People in China | Shen | |
1999 | Alegría | Adult Momo | |
Kyohansha | Police | ||
Owls' Castle | Toyotomi Hideyoshi | ||
2000 | Talk to Taka | Mr. Hiro | Short |
Rugrats in Paris: The Movie | Mr. Yamaguchi | Voice[24] | |
2001 | Pearl Harbor | AdmiralIsoroku Yamamoto | |
2002 | Cruel Game | Straw Hat | |
2003 | Bulletproof Monk | Mr. Kojima | |
Bus Story | Father Christmas | Short | |
2005 | Cages | Tan | |
Memoirs of a Geisha | Sakamoto | ||
2007 | TMNT | Master Splinter | Voice; posthumous release; dedicated in memory[24] |
Rise: Blood Hunter | Poe | Posthumous release (final film role) |
Television
editYear | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1962 | The Lloyd Bridges Show | Takahashi | Episode: "Yankee Stay Here" |
1962–1963 | Ensign O'Toole | Various Roles | 3 episodes |
1962–1965 | McHale's Navy | Various Roles | 9 episodes |
1963 | The Gallant Men | Frank Fakuda | Episode: "One Puka Puka" |
77 Sunset Strip | Iko Nakayama | Episode: "Stranger from the Sea" | |
1964 | Arrest and Trial | Kyoto | Episode: "Signals of an Ancient Flame" |
1964–1965 | Broadside | Japanese Commander / Captain Osato | 2 episodes |
Burke's Law | Pete / 'Happy' Tuava | 2 episodes | |
1965 | I Dream of Jeannie | Kato | Episode: "Jeannie and the Marriage Caper" |
Gidget | Casey | Episode: "The War Between Men, Women and Gidget" | |
The Wackiest Ship in the Army | T. Vushikori / Captain Kulijame | 2 episodes | |
1965–1966 | I Spy | Jimmy / Baby Face | 3 episodes |
1966 | The Green Hornet | Low Sing | Episode: "The Praying Mantis" |
1966–1968 | The F.B.I. | Angry Youth / Yoshimura | 2 episodes |
1967 | The Time Tunnel | Lieutenant Nakamura | Episode: "Kill Two by Two" |
F Troop | Samurai Warrior | Episode: "From Karate with Love" | |
Vacation Playhouse | Simba | Episode: "Alfred of the Amazon" | |
1968 | The Big Valley | Wong Lo | Episode: "Rimfire" |
1970 | The Challenge | Yuro | Television film |
1971 | If Tomorrow Comes | Tadashi | Television film |
1972 | The Streets of San Francisco | Kenji | Episode: "Pilot" |
Room 222 | Mr. Shigematsu | Episode: "Just Call Me Mr. Shigematsu" | |
Anna and the King | Sanum | Episode: "The King and the Egg" | |
1973 | Kung Fu | Wong Ti Lu | Episode: "The Tide" |
Love, American Style | Jack | Episode: "Love and the Fortunate Cookie" | |
1974–1980 | M*A*S*H | Various Roles | 4 episodes |
1974 | Ironside | Phil | Episode: "Terror on Grant Avenue" |
Mannix | Tami Okada | Episode: "Enter Tami Okada" | |
Judge Dee and the Monastery Murders | Tao Gan | Television film | |
1976 | Hawaii Five-O | Kazuo Tahashi | Episode: "Legacy of Terror" |
Farewell to Manzanar | Fukimoto | Television film | |
Visions | Masu Murakami | Episode: "Gold Watch" | |
1977–1982 | Quincy, M.E. | Mr. Yamaguchi / John Moroshima | Episode: "Touch of Death" |
1978 | Columbo | Kanji Ousu | Episode: "Murder Under Glass" |
1978–1979 | The Incredible Hulk | Li Sung | 2 episodes |
1979 | Supertrain | Kirby | Episode: "Pirouette" |
Wonder Woman | Mr. Brown | Episode: "Going, Going, Gone" | |
Salvage 1 | Toshiro | Episode: "Shangri-la Lil" | |
When Hell Was in Session | Major Bai | Television film | |
A Man Called Sloane | Tanaka | Episode: "Samurai" | |
1981 | Fantasy Island | Kwong Soo Luke | Episode: "The Heroine; The Warrior" |
1982 | Voyagers! | Slave Auctioneer | Episode: "The Travels Of Marco...And Friends" |
Bring 'Em Back Alive | Tanako | Episode: "The Pied Piper" | |
The Facts of Life | Mr. Wakamatsu | Episode: "The Americanization of Miko" | |
Romance Theatre | Shibata | 5 episodes | |
1983 | The Gallant Men | Frank Fakuda | Episode: "One Puka Puka" |
The Last Ninja | Mantaro Sakura | Pilot | |
The A-Team | Lin Duk Coo | Episode: "Recipe for Heavy Bread" | |
Magnum, P.I. | Tozan | Episode: "The Arrow That Is Not Aimed" | |
Greatest American Hero | Master of Flowers | Episode: "Thirty Seconds Over Little Tokyo" | |
Faerie Tale Theatre | Gardener / Minister | Episode: "The Nightingale" | |
Girls of the White Orchid | Mori | Television film | |
1984 | Hawaiian Heat | Major Taro Oshira | 11 episodes |
1986 | Kung Fu: The Movie | The Manchu | Television film |
1987 | Ohara | Toshi | Episode: "Toshi" |
Spenser: For Hire | Tommy Nguyen | Episode: "My Brother's Keeper" | |
Tour of Duty | Tran | Episode: "Sitting Ducks" | |
1988 | The Equalizer | Jimmy Thanarat | Episode: "Riding the Elephant" |
1990 | Murder in Paradise | Captain Kilalo | Television film |
Paradise | Kao | Episode: "Dangerous Cargo" | |
The Paradise Club | Mr. Yamamoto | Episode: "The Rotherhithe Project" | |
Hiroshima: Out of the Ashes | Sergeant Moritaki | Television film | |
1991 | Lovejoy | Toshiro Tanaka | 2 episodes |
1992 | Nightingale | Narrator | Voice, television film |
1993 | Shaky Ground | Nakamura | Episode: "Stayin' Alive" |
1994 | Frasier | Sam Tanaka | Episode: "Author, Author" |
1994–1996 | Kung Fu: The Legend Continues | Li Sung | 2 episodes |
1995 | Platypus Man | Mr. Loo | Episode: "Dying to Live" |
1996–2003 | Dexter's Laboratory | Narrator | Voice, 13 episodes[24] |
1997–2000 | Walker, Texas Ranger | Dr. Henry Lee / Edward Song | 2 episodes |
1997 | Riot | Mr. Lee | Television film; segment: "Gold Mountain" |
1998 | JAG | Ichiro Higashimori | - |
1999 | Martial Law | Master Reng | 2 episodes |
1999 | 7th Heaven | Henry Muranaka | Episode: "Dirty Laundry" |
2000 | The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne | Kajimori | Episode: "The Inquisitor" |
2001 | Diagnosis Murder | Lee Moy | Episode: "The Red's Shoes" |
2001–2004 | Samurai Jack | Aku, Hermit | Voice, 24 episodes[24] |
2003 | Lost at Home | Mr. Li | Episode: "Good Will Hunting" |
Black Sash | Master Li | 6 episodes | |
What's New, Scooby-Doo? | The Ancient One | Voice, episode: "Big Appetite in Little Tokyo" | |
Charmed | Sorcerer | Episode: "Love's a Witch" | |
2003–2005 | Duck Dodgers | Happy Cat, Achoo | Voice, 4 episodes[24] |
2004 | The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy | Narrator | Voice, episode: "A Kick in the Asgard"[24] |
2005 | Monk | Master Zi | Episode: "Mr. Monk vs. the Cobra" |
The West Wing | Yosh Takahashi | Episode: "A Good Day" | |
Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! | Master Offay | Voice, episode: "Monster Battle Club Now!" | |
Sokoku | Leo | Television film | |
2005–2006 | Avatar: The Last Airbender | Uncle Iroh,additional voices | Voice, 30 episodes[24] |
Video games
editYear | Title | Voice role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
2003 | Lionheart: Legacy of the Crusader | Grumdjum | |
True Crime: Streets of LA | General Han Yu Kim[24] | ||
Medal of Honor: Rising Sun | Commander Masataka Shima | ||
Secret Weapons Over Normandy | Imperial Japanese Voices #1 | ||
2004 | Samurai Jack: The Shadow of Aku | Aku[24] | |
Wrath Unleashed | Narrator[25] | ||
2020 | Samurai Jack: Battle Through Time | Aku | Archival audio[24] |
References
edit- ^Team, EWP Web."About".East West Players.RetrievedJuly 12,2019.
- ^"Browser Unsupported - Academy Awards Search | Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences".awardsdatabase.oscars.org.RetrievedMarch 26,2020.
- ^"Winners & Nominees 1967".goldenglobes.RetrievedMarch 26,2020.
- ^"The Island at the Top of the World" Wikipage
- ^abcdFox, Margalit (July 25, 2006)."Mako, 72, Actor Who Extended Asian-American Roles, Dies".The New York Times.Archived fromthe originalon June 13, 2020.RetrievedDecember 1,2021.
- ^"MAKO 1933–(Mako Iwamatsu, Jimmy Sakuyama)".Encyclopedia.RetrievedDecember 1,2021.
- ^abcdMako, 72; Actor Opened Door for Asian AmericansLos Angeles TimesviaInternet Archive.Retrieved December 1, 2021.
- ^abcdMako: the Japanese-American actor who fought racist stereotypesThe Japan TimesviaInternet Archive.Retrieved December 1, 2021.
- ^Judy Stone (March 18, 2007)."An unlikely heroine of World War II".SFGate.RetrievedFebruary 4,2014.
- ^abcVũ tá mỹ, thừa (November 30, 1981).さよなら Nhật Bản hội bổn tác gia tám đảo quá lang と quang tử の bỏ mạng(in Japanese). Tinh văn xã.ISBN978-4794959379.
- ^https://encyclopedia.densho.org/sources/en-ddr-densho-266-61-17-1/
- ^Dã bổn một, bình (March 15, 2008).Tám đảo quá lang ngày mễ の はざまに sinh きた họa gia(in Japanese). Sang phong xã.ISBN978-4883521463.
- ^"Index Record for Makoto Iwamatsu (1933) Veterans Affairs Beneficiary Identification Records Locator Subsystem Death File",Fold3by Ancestry website.Retrieved August 10, 2022. Enlistment Date is listed as "10 Dec 1953" and Release Date is listed as "20 Oct 1955".
- ^Niiya, Brian."Mako".Densho Encyclopedia.RetrievedOctober 29,2014.
- ^Kerr, Walter (January 18, 1976)."'Pacific Overtures' Is Neither East Nor West ".The New York Times.
- ^"Three actors recall their roles in the original Broadway production".The Sondheim Review.4(4). Spring 1998. Archived fromthe originalon February 2, 2017.RetrievedSeptember 13,2016.
- ^Stevens, Rob."Pacific Overtures reviewed by Rob Stevens".Haineshisway.RetrievedMay 8,2019.
- ^Chang, Lia (April 12, 2018)."Lucille Lortel Nominee Thom Sesma Talks Asian American Representation in the Performing Arts".Backstage Pass with Lia Chang.RetrievedMay 8,2019.
- ^Chitwood, Scott (July 20, 2006)."TMNT Bits and Posters!".SuperHeroHype. Archived fromthe originalon August 19, 2006.RetrievedMay 24,2017.
- ^"Quint interviews the CGI TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES movie director, Kevin Munroe!!!".Ain't It Cool. August 21, 2006.RetrievedMay 24,2017.
- ^"On the Set of TMNT!".MovieWeb.January 24, 2007. Archived fromthe originalon February 6, 2007.RetrievedAugust 11,2018.
- ^"Browser Unsupported - Academy Awards Search | Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences".awardsdatabase.oscars.org.RetrievedMarch 26,2020.
- ^"Winners & Nominees 1967".goldenglobes.RetrievedMarch 26,2020.
- ^abcdefghij"Mako Iwamatsu (visual voices guide)".Behind The Voice Actors.RetrievedApril 28,2021.Note: A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its opening or closing credits or other reliable sources of information.
- ^"Wrath Unleashed (2004 Video Game)".Behind The Voice Actors.RetrievedAugust 15,2021.A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.
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