Mandarin (character)

TheMandarinis asupervillainappearing inAmerican comic bookspublished byMarvel Comics.He is thearchenemyofIron Man.The character was created byStan Leeand designed byDon Heck,first appearing inTales of Suspense#50 (Feb. 1964).The character is described as being born in China beforethe Communist revolutionto a wealthy Chinese father and an English aristocratic mother, both of whom died when he was young. He is characterized as a megalomaniac, attempting to conquer the world on several occasions, yet also possessing a strong sense of honor. The Mandarin is portrayed as a genius scientist and a skilled martial artist. However, his primary sources of power are10 ringsthat he adapted from the alien technology of a crashed space ship. Each ring has a different power and is worn on a specific finger. Though his primary obsession is Iron Man, given his high status as a supervillain, he has also come into conflict withThor,Hulk,Shang-Chiand other superheroes in the Marvel Universe.

Mandarin
The Mandarin on the cover ofThe Invincible Iron Man#511 (Dec. 2011). Art bySalvador Larroca.
Publication information
Publisher	Marvel Comics
First appearance	Tales of Suspense#50 (Feb. 1964)
Created by	Stan Lee Don Heck
In-story information
Species	Human
Team affiliations	Mandarin's Minions Hand Tong
Notable aliases	Gene Kahn Zhang Tong Tem Borjigin
Abilities	Genius-level intellect Master martial artist and hand-to-hand combatant Expert strategist and tactician Wears10 ringsthat grantvarious powers
Altered in-story information for adaptations to other media
Alter ego	Arnold Brock –Iron Man: The Animated Series Gene Khan / Temugin–Iron Man: Armored Adventures Xu Wenwu–Marvel Cinematic Universe

The Mandarin has appeared in several forms of media. In theMarvel Cinematic Universe(MCU),Ben Kingsleyportrayed an actor (Trevor Slattery) of the character inIron Man 3(2013),andTony Leungportrayed the "real" characterXu WenwuinShang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings(2021).In 2009, The Mandarin was ranked asIGN's 81st-greatestcomic bookvillain of all time.

Publication history

The Mandarin first appeared inTales of Suspense#50 (Feb. 1964), written byStan Leeand illustrated byDon Heck.

When discussing the character's creation, Heck stated "That was Stan Lee's character, really. He wanted him because he was thinking of, oh, one of those old stories that they had years agoFu Manchuand that's what he said to me. He said, 'I want a character like Fu Manchu.'"

Fictional character biography

Origins

The Mandarin's late father was one of the wealthiest men inpre-revolutionary mainlandChina(and a descendant ofGenghis Khan), while his late mother was anEnglishnoblewoman. Their son was born in an unnamed village in mainland China before the Communist revolution. The boy's parents died soon after his birth, and he was raised by his (paternal) aunt, who was embittered against the world and raised him with much the same attitude. Every last bit of the family fortune was spent obsessively training the Mandarin in science and combat, with the result that he was penniless by adulthood. Without the means to pay their taxes, the Mandarin's estate and possessions were seized by the Chinese government.

Seeking the power to take revenge, the Mandarin explores the forbidden Valley of Spirits, where no one has dared to set foot for centuries.There he finds the starship and skeleton ofAxonn-Karr,an intelligent dragon-like alien from the planet Maklu IV, who had come to Earth centuries ago and died. Over the following years, the Mandarin studiesMakluanscience until he masters it. He also learns how to use theten ringsthat he found within the starship, which are apparently its propulsion source, among other things.The Mandarin then becomes a conqueror, and subjugates the villages around the Valley, and through his advanced science, rapidly becomes a power that not even the Chinese army can successfully challenge. He then embarks on a long series of attempts to achieve world domination. The Chinese, though fearing him, ask for his help, but he will not become subservient to them.

The Mandarin sees technology as the surest means to achieve his goals. Over the years, he frequently attempts to turn the weapons and computers of various nations against them. Among the Mandarin's earliest schemes is the sabotage and theft of American missiles and spy planes built byTony Stark.To restore public confidence in his workmanship, Stark dons his Iron Man armor and flies to China to investigate.Iron Man soon became the Mandarin's principal obstacle against his plans for world domination. He often attempts to pit Iron Man against the Chinese government to defeat both.

The cover ofTales of Suspense#50 (Feb. 1964), the first appearance of the Mandarin, art byJack Kirby

During three of their early confrontations, the Mandarin manages to take Iron Man (or his alter ego Tony Stark) captive, but fails to kill him. Similarly, Iron Man thwarts the Mandarin's various schemes, but is unable to bring him to justice. Some of the Mandarin's early technological achievements are the launching of a small orbiting satellite whose "death-ray" he aims atStark Industries,and the building (laterretconnedas "the reprogramming, the refitting, and the recharging" ) ofUltimo,a 30-foot (9.1 m) humanoid android possessing vast destructive power.The Mandarin would employ Ultimo four times over the years,but it was always defeated by Iron Man.

The Mandarin's teleportation technology, derived from Makluan science, enables him to kidnap people at will or teleport himself out of threatening situations. He teleports theSwordsmanto his castle just before theAvengerscapture him, plotting to use him to destroy the Avengers and adding the technology to his sword to aid him, though the Swordsman betrays him and throws the bomb away. During his fifth encounter with Iron Man, the Mandarin teleportsHarold J. "Happy" Hogan,a friend and confidant of Iron Man, to his castle in China half a world away. Hogan is wearing the Iron Man armor at the time to help protect his employer's secret identity, and the Mandarin mistakes him for his foe. In rescuing Hogan, Iron Man physically bests the Mandarin in personal combat for the first time. Iron Man redirected the missiles that the Mandarin had launched so that they hit the Mandarin's castle, destroying it.The Mandarin escaped by means of his teleportation machinery and he materialized aboard his orbiting satellite. There, he constructs a gemlike device capable of broadcasting "hate-rays" toward Earth. The Mandarin, using his teleportation technology, assembles several former enemies of the Avengers to perform missions for him: theLiving Laser,who attacks Asia with Ultimo, but is beaten byThorandHawkeye;the originalPower Manand the Swordsman, who, with an army of mercenaries, attacked a South American country, but are beaten byGoliath,theWasp,and Iron Man; Amora theEnchantress;and Skurge theExecutioner,who lead an army of trolls in Africa, but are beaten byHerculesand theScarlet Witch.The Avengers manage to thwart the Mandarin's scheme after getting to the satellite, despite being hit by his hate-rays that make each of them attack the person nearest to themselves. However, the Wasp is nearest to the Mandarin and her attack on him shuts off the rays. The Mandarin is sucked into space and the Avengers are able to destroy his satellite.

The Mandarin then establishes a base in China'sGobi Desert,and turns his attention to theHulkfor a time, hoping to make the dull-witted brute into an accomplice. Two attempts at controlling the Hulk proved futile. First he places a device on the Hulk's neck, hoping to use him to start a war which will allow the Mandarin to take over the world. However,Nick Furyfoils this scheme.Next, the Mandarin allies himself with the American criminal theSandman,who had just been beaten by the Hulk earlier.The Hulk destroys the Mandarin's desert base and the Mandarin sends the Sandman into a hot vat, turning him to glass.The glass later shatters, and the Sandman has to recover slowly in the Mandarin's satellite den.When the Mandarin next attacks Iron Man, he employs an android in the Hulk's likeness rather than the real Hulk. The Mandarin sets up a makeshift base of operations in the United States, and attempts to discredit Tony Stark publicly. Holding Iron Man captive for the fourth time, the Mandarin tries to learn if Iron Man is actually Stark, but Stark fools him with a rubber mask over his own features. His plans thwarted, the Mandarin tries to kill Stark's then-girlfriend, Janice Cord, but the Mandarin's betrothed Mei Ling saves her at the cost of her own life.

The Mandarin's Avengers

The Mandarin's Avengers (or the Avatars of the Mandarin) is a fictional group of villains appearing in Marvel Comics. The characters work for their leader, the Mandarin, and are most famous for their role in theIron ManandWar Machinecomic book series. This group was first glimpsed inIron Man#309 (Oct. 1994) and was seen in full inForce Works#6 (Dec. 1994). The characters were created by Len Kaminski (writer), Tom Morgan (artist), and Nel Yomtov (editor).

Avatar characters and abilities

• Ancestor – Draws on his ancestor's strength to increase his size and powers.
• Deluge – Has a liquid body form and control over water.
• Foundry – Fire shoots from his eyes and he can morph his hands into weapons.
• Lich – A skeletal monster who uses his claws and strength.
• Old Woman – Controls the elements through her staff.
• Q'Wake – Superhuman strength and shock power.
• Sickle – Representation of China, he possesses strength and a scythe.
• Turmoil – The servant to the Mandarin that is an incarnation of the storm.
• Warfist – Superhuman strength and martial arts skill, along with a spiked club for a weapon.

New bodies

Returning to China, the Mandarin seeks a means to increase his rings' power, and learns of the legendary Eye of Yin, a talisman of power created by an ancient group of Chinese sorcerers. The Mandarin manipulates the Royal Family of theInhumanswho, at the time, live in the nearby Himalayan Mountains ofTibet,into locating the idol for him. Yet before he can fully incorporate the Eye's power in his rings,Black Bolt,the ruler of the Inhumans, overpowers him, strips him of his 10 rings, and hides them. Unable to find the rings, the Mandarin journeys back to the Valley of Spirits and the ruins of the Makluan starship, where he first acquired the rings. There he found a headband containing technology which enabled him to recover the rings. The Mandarin uses his newfound power to restore his castle to its original state. TheUnicorn,another frequent opponent of Iron Man, seeks the Mandarin's aid in curing him of a progressive disease. The Mandarin and the Unicorn travel to the United States to attack their common enemy, Iron Man, but in the heat of battle, the Mandarin finds that the headband has somehow exchanged his consciousness with that of the Unicorn. The Mandarin is forced to flee, desperate to separate himself from the Unicorn's dying body.

When the Mandarin arrives at his castle in China, he finds that it has been taken over by theYellow Claw,another master criminal and warlord of Chinese origin. The Mandarin is forced to flee to another laboratory to try to restore his mind to its rightful body, which he manages with the unwilling aid of the Japanese mutantSunfire.In a subsequent battle with Iron Man, the Mandarin's interim headquarters is destroyed.The Mandarin then launches an attack on the Yellow Claw in an attempt to regain his own castle, but is fatally injured when the Yellow Claw robot he is battling explodes.In a battle between Iron Man and the Yellow Claw that follows, the Mandarin's castle is also destroyed for the second time.However, unknown to the Yellow Claw, as the Mandarin is dying, he uses the headband's mind-transferring capacities to transfer his consciousness into his 10 rings. When the rings are confiscated by the Yellow Claw's power-hungry servant Loc Do and activated by him, the Mandarin's consciousness enters his body, permanently driving out Loc Do's consciousness. Using his matter-rearranger ring, the Mandarin transforms Loc Do's body into a younger duplicate of his own original one.

The Mandarin returns to his castle, discovering that it has again been destroyed. After rebuilding it, the Mandarin attempts to capture Iron Man with his teleportation devices, but once again catches someone else clad in his armor. This time it is Michael O'Brien, later to become a friend of Stark's and the second man to wear theGuardsman's armor. Iron Man flies to O'Brien's rescue, clad in an older armor, saves O'Brien, thwarts the Mandarin's attempt to bomb the United States, and for a second time bests him in personal combat and then destroys his castle again. Perhaps due to the effect of the Mandarin's mental domination ring on him, Iron Man does not take the Mandarin into custody, but allows him to remain free.

The Mandarin later schemes to turn the GreatVibraniumMound ofWakandainto Type II Vibranium, which destroys the molecular cohesion of metals. He also tries to destroy China's entire rice crop with radiation in an attempt to force a starving nation into war. In the second of these plots, the Mandarin encountersJames Rhodesduring Rhodes' custodianship of the Iron Man armor.

Heart of Darkness

When Stark tries to set up a branch of Stark Enterprises inHong Kong,Iron Man and the Mandarin once again come into conflict. The Mandarin has taken the name of Zhang Tong, and had become a financial leader in Hong Kong. As Tong, he controls a number of government officials and industry leaders of Hong Kong. The Mandarin thwarts all of Stark's attempts to set up a business branch, even resorting to murder. The Mandarin now employs a group called theHandto do his dirty work. When on a mission, a Hand member is allowed to take one of the Mandarin's rings and use its powers. As a precaution, if the Hand member is to be captured, he will fanatically try to kill himself. If the Hand member is to be killed or knocked out, the ring will automatically teleport back to the Mandarin. The Mandarin's agents kidnap James Rhodes and several of Stark's other employees, forcing Iron Man into single combat in exchange for their lives. Iron Man defeats the Mandarin once again, and helps Stark's employees escape the Hand. The Mandarin's minions are left without their weapons when their master is knocked unconscious, causing his rings to teleport back to him automatically and leaving them unarmed and unable to stop Stark's employees from fleeing.

At one point, during a period in which the then thought-deadX-Menhad disbanded, the mutant heroinePsylockepasses through the mystic portal known as theSiege Perilous.The portal relocates her to an Asian shore, leaving her an amnesiac. The man known asMatsu'o Tsurayabafinds her and believes he could save his brain-dead loverKwannonby switching her mind with Psylocke.He makes an arrangement with the Mandarin to help him with the switch, since his rings will be able to facilitate it. Working with the otherdimensional sorceress known asSpiral,they are able to do this successfully. The Mandarin conditions Psylocke (now in Kwannon's body) to believe herself to be Lady Mandarin, the Mandarin's assassin. During this time, the Mandarin teams up with several other villains during the "Acts of Vengeance"storyline. He also confronted the Avengers.After completing several assignments for him, Psylocke is eventually rescued by her X-Men teammatesWolverineandJubilee.The three then defeat the Mandarin, causing events which lead to the severing of the Mandarin's relationship with the Hand.

Sometime later, the Mandarin discovered that one of his rings is an elaborate counterfeit. One of his underlings had betrayed him, surrendering the ring to Chen Hsu, an ancient wizard who lived in San Francisco. Hsu, elfin in appearance but puissant in power, gives up the ring to the Mandarin, who collapses as soon as he put it on. Chen Hsu tends to him, removing the veil of confusion from his mind; soon, the Mandarin realizes that his memories had been fragmented because of the theft of the ring since the rings were still linked to his consciousness.

Next, Chen Hsu makes the Mandarin an offer that involves them traveling to the Valley of the Dragons. There, Chen Hsu uses a magic herb to awakenFin Fang Foom,an ancient and powerful dragon. Under the control of Hsu, the dragon obeys the Mandarin, laying waste to an army sent by the Chinese government to stop him. Soon the Mandarin claims a third of China's territory, and the authorities sent out a call for help to Iron Man.

When Iron Man confronts the Mandarin and Fin Fang Foom, eight other dragons appear. It is revealed that many thousands of years ago, a number of aliens from the planet Kakaranathara, the fourth planet of the star Maklu, traveled to Earth to look for the conflict which was unknown in their culture and which they craved. The ship crashed, stranding them on Earth for thousands of years, after which the Mandarin found the ship and claimed their rings. Now, they demand them back, but he refuses them. Iron Man forcibly combines his power with the rings, and manages to destroy the Makluan dragons. The blast vaporizes the Mandarin's hands and renders him comatose.

For months, he lies in a state between life and death, in the care of a peasant woman who does not know who he is. Over time, his hands grow back, though they do so as reptilian claws, and the rings call to him again to reclaim them.

The Mandarin discovers the Heart of Darkness, an orb of apparently mystic energy; the alien Century believes it is an ancient artifact which acts as a "lens" to attract and focus all manner of dark power.The Mandarin uses its power to turn back time in China, and literally transforms it into a feudal nation again, one in which electronic equipment cannot not operate.Iron Man, with his teamForce Worksand allyWar Machinedefeat him, but not before the Mandarin discovers that Tony Stark is the man inside the Iron Man armor.

Iron Man infects the Mandarin with atechno-organic virus,and the Heart, seeing him infected with technology, rejects the Mandarin and implodes. Iron Man believes him dead, though in reality the Mandarin has been transported away and transformed by the last flare of the orb's magic into a janitor in the Hong Kong branch of Stark Enterprises.

Eventually, the Mandarin's memories return to him. The Mandarin believes that the feudalism of yesterday has merely been transformed into the capitalism of today, leading him to set into motion plans to create a giant flying fortress called the Dragon of Heaven, through which he can conquerRussiaand eventually the world.During this time, Iron Man reappears after being believed dead in a battle against the psychic menaceOnslaught.The Mandarin initiates a series of attacks on Iron Man,culminating in a battle with the Dragon of Heaven.Eventually it is revealed that the Mandarin's primary purpose is not to conquer Russia, but instead to test Iron Man himself, prove him worthy as a foe, and to justify the Mandarin's own thoughts on the feudal nature of capitalism. The Mandarin appears to die as the Dragon of Heaven explodes, but Iron Man is not convinced that his foe has truly met his end.

Temugin

Despite the uncertainty of his fate, it would be nearly 10 years before the Mandarin returned to the pages ofIron Man.In the interim, Iron Man faces the Mandarin's son,Temugin.Temugin has precious few memories of his father, and most of them involve his father taking him to the monastery where he was raised and trained by monks. Temugin is sensitive, spiritual, and extremely powerful because of his control ofchi,the living force in all things.

One day, Temugin receives a package containing the severed hands of the Mandarin, bearing all 10 rings of power. Temugin knows that he is honor-bound to fulfill his father's wishes for him. He challenges Iron Man to avenge his father's death, and he proves a deadly adversary even without the rings.

After Tony Stark reveals a conspiracy for mass murder in his own ranks, Temugin appears to have forgiven Iron Man for the death of his father and to have turned to more lofty pursuits, but events indicate that the evil power of the rings has corrupted his soul.

Temugin had been named after his, and the Mandarin's, claimed ancestor Genghis Khan, whose birth name was Temujin (also spelled Temuchin, Temudjin, u also variates to ü).

Temugin is later contacted by the double-crossingSpot,who gives him a super-weapon thatMODOKhad been planning to steal. In this appearance, Temugin speaks of the Mandarin as "my late father", and bears the rings, one of which he uses to imprison the Spot in another dimension with nothing but money. In the following issue, thePumatears off at least one of Temugin's hands, but despite this, he retained at least half of the rings—and possibly all of them, asNightshade,who used the rings on his lost hand, is not seen with them at the end of the story.

Nevertheless, he later reappeared without the rings, and with a cybernetic arm, as a member of the Atlas Foundation, having been selected as a secondary candidate for the position of its ruler by the ancient dragon Mr. Lao. In this capacity he is a constant irritant toJimmy Woo,the head of Atlas.

Revival

The Mandarin is revived in a subsequentIron Manstory arc, in which he is revealed to have been in a prison in central China for some time. It is revealed that he has lost his hands (most likely the hands that were sent to Temugin were, in fact, actually the Mandarin's), and that he has been living with no food or water for years, an ability that is likely due to his mastery of chi. Despite being handless and starved, he is able to kill several men armed with guns via his mastery of themartial arts.His rings have been returned to him and have been re-assimilated into his body by heating them and burning them into his spine.

After attacking Iron Man, viaS.H.I.E.L.D.—with dozens of unwitting proxies in the form of extremist splinter groups, equipped by him with hyper-advanced biological weapons—he eventually resurfaces as Tem Borjigin (yet another name of Genghis Khan), now employing artificial hands.

Government infiltration

The Mandarin infiltrates the U.S. government via his role as CEO of Prometheus, a corporation specializing in bio-engineered weaponry. He appears to be using Tony Stark's former love interestMaya Hansento produce an army of soldiers enhanced withExtremis,an artificial biotech virus created by Hansen that when introduced into a subject with a specific gene receptive to it (which only 2.5% of the population possess), grants that subject a super-boosted immune system and a greatly enhanced healing ability that can spontaneously generate new, improved organs, but which increases aggression and kills anyone injected with it who lacks the gene for it.The Mandarin is also financing and arming terrorists around the globe, and plans to unleash the Extremis virus on the public, expecting the 97.5% fatality ratio to cause a mass catastrophe of deaths.The Mandarin admits to Hansen that even he will die in the outbreak, but she and those with the gene to survive will become free from disease and effectively immortal. Though he has his Extremis virus disabled, Iron Man defeats the Mandarin while wearing theSilver Centurionarmor by tearing five of the rings out of the Mandarin's spine, blasting him with those rings, his unibeam, and his repulsor rays at the same time and then freezing him as he is engulfed in a deadly concentrated Extremis virus. Iron Man then prevents the Extremis outbreak.

When the Mandarin's apparently frozen body is autopsied, all that is found is a blackened husk, not unlike an Extremis chrysalis.

Enter the Mandarin

In 2007, the Mandarin appeared inIron Man: Enter the Mandarin,an expanded and modified retelling of his earliest appearances inTales of Suspense.The series was written byJoe Caseyand drawn by Eric Canete.

"Mandarin: The Story of My Life"

InThe Invincible Iron Manvol. 4 Annual #1 byMatt Fraction,a new updated origin of the Mandarin is offered. Here, the Mandarin kidnaps a young up-and-coming film producer to tell his life's story. He relates the same story that he once told Iron Man inTales of Suspenseof his English noblewoman mother and his schooling at the finest boarding schools in the land. The director learns that much of what the Mandarin says is contradictory and false, and it is hinted that the Mandarin has used one of his own rings to make himself believe this tapestry of half-truths. The director discovers that the Mandarin was the son of an opium den prostitute who went on to become a powerful underworld figure before discovering the Ten Rings of Power in an alien craft, the pilot of which he brutally slew to obtain them. The Mandarin slaughtered the Red Chinese army officials for daring to cross him, while financing his operations with drug and gun smuggling, aided by the mercenaryRaza.In this retelling, he is also said to have been at the camp in which Tony Stark constructed his Iron Man armor, though Stark is unaware of this fact.

Angered at the Mandarin holding his wife hostage, the director shoots the film ashewishes,notas the Mandarin dictates. The Mandarin denounces this telling of his past as lies and angrily destroys the theater in which it was being shown before having the director killed. Later, he regrets murdering the director, noting that he reallydidlove his films.

"Stark Resilient"

At the conclusion of the 2010–2011 "Stark Resilient" storyline, it is revealed that the Mandarin is the father ofSasha Hammer,as she introduces her boyfriendZeke Staneto her parents.

With help from Zeke Stane, Mandarin recruitsBlizzard,Chemistro,theCrimson Dynamo,Firebrand,Firepower,theLiving Laser,theMelter,theMauler,aTitanium Man,Vibro,andWhirlwind,as well as building some newDreadnoughtrobots in a plot to take out Iron Man.

"Long Way Down", "The Future", and death

In the 2012 storyline "The Long Way Down", it is revealed that the Mandarin has gained some measure of mental control over Tony Stark, apparently established around the time of the "World's Most Wanted" and "Stark Disassembled" story arcs, wherein Stark effectively wiped his own mind to safeguard critical S.H.I.E.L.D. data fromNorman Osbornand H.A.M.M.E.R. How the Mandarin gained this control is as yet unrevealed, but it has been stated that he is "in [Stark's] head" and had been observing and influencing his actions since Stark's return to public life.Among these actions were implanted design ideas for "Titanomechs", huge squid-like war machines apparently capable of taking over the world (as seen in an alternate future inThe Invincible Iron Man#500).

This led into the next storyline "The Future", in which the Mandarin kidnaps Stark and brings him to Mandarin City to develop 10 Titanomechs, which Mandarin plans to use as host bodies for each of his 10 rings, which he reveals are actually vessels for the souls of 10 alien beings. In truth, the Mandarin serves these beings and has planned all along to "resurrect" them in this fashion.

Tony forms an alliance with others that the Mandarin has imprisoned, including Ezekiel Stane, Whirlwind, Blizzard, and the Living Laser. In a rebellion against the Mandarin, Stark manages to alert his staff at Stark Resilient to find him and manages to destroy the Titanomechs. In the ensuing battle, the Mandarin is apparently killed by Stane, much to the dismay of Iron Man.

Rings of the Mandarin

In theMarvel NOW!relaunch ofIron Manby writerKieron Gillen,the Mandarin's rings managed to escape from S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Weapon Vault Omega, the Mento-Intensifier Ring staying behind to create the illusion that the rings were still there. Each of the rings later started finding new hosts with the purpose of "saving Earth from Tony Stark", using persuasive language and mind control to bend them towards their cause against Iron Man. Each one of them has been codenamed, from Mandarin-One to Mandarin-Ten:

• The Matter-Rearranger Ring was taken by a Chinese gangwarlordcalling himselfLord Remaker.He commanded numerous triads which protected the city from anyone who wanted to interfere. However, he was stripped from his power when Tony Stark decided to rebuild the city into a futuristic utopia. Upon obtaining the "Remaker" ring, Lord Remaker became Mandarin-One.
• Colin Sixtywas part of the clone output created by A.I.M. He was created specifically to be sold to Cortex Inc. As "C. Anderson Sixty", Colin Sixty was put under the charge of the regional direction of Cortex Inc.'s Lunar operations in Tranquility Gulch. When Tony Stark, the governor of Tranquility Gulch went on a quest to kick out major competitors in the exploitation of Phlogistone, he revealed Anderson Sixty's true nature to the press to discredit Cortex by having allied with A.I.M.. With his life ruined, Colin tried to kill Stark with a laser cutter; using his martial arts training, Stark disposed of Colin's weapon and maimed his hand in a tank of liquid nitrogen. He was found by Mandarin's Impact Ring and made Mandarin-Two.
• Alec Eiffelwas a fascist who was chosen by Mandarin's Vortex Ring to be its host Mandarin-Three to help it and the other rings have revenge on Tony Stark.
• It is revealed that after reclaiming his kingdomSvartalfheim,Malekith the Accursedwas approached by the Disintegration Beam Ring seeking a host, becoming Mandarin-Four. Malekith bent its will to his rather than letting it control his mind. He has now begun a campaign to attack all other "Mandarins" and take their rings, desiring "the full set" before attacking Tony Stark. Though he is usually a foe ofThorand other magical beings, his opposition to Iron Man is rooted in the Dark Elves' traditional weakness towards iron.
• Victor Kohlis the black sheep of his family where he was the only member of his family that did not go through Terrigenesis during theInhumanitystoryline. Victor was confronted by the Black Light Ring of the Mandarin which found him acceptable to be its wearer. With its power and still under the influence of alcohol, Victor attacked the Inhuman Nativity Center where Robert was apparently killed. Iron Man appeared to stop him and Victor had to flee after the Golden Avenger injured his shoulder with a laser. The ring teleported Victor to a safe place. While recovering, Victor suffered from Terrigenesis for his surprise. As soon as he resurfaced, Victor was found and confronted byMedusa.She showed to him the rest of the body of his father, which was destroyed during Victor's rampage in the Nativity Center. She also explained to Victor that he did not suffer from Terrigenesis, not because he did not have blood ties with his family, but because the level of exposure to the Terrigen Mists to activate the Terrigenesis in certain individuals can vary. She exiled Victor from the Inhumans for his actions. Victor blamed himself for what he did, but the ring managed to make him blame Tony Stark from not stopping him when he was rampaging drunk. The ring also suggested Victor's new nickname, theExile.The Exile was also referred to as Mandarin-Five.He was later killed byArno Stark.
• The White Light Ring approached theMole Manto help it and the other rings have revenge on Tony Stark, where he became Mandarin-Six.
• Abigail Burnsis an English activist who believes the world needs to be saved from capitalism, corporate hegemony and the impotence of democracy for which among her activities she wrote columns. One night, the Fire Blast Ring approached her and decided she possessed the suitable will to become Mandarin-Seven and her mission was to "save the world from Tony Stark." Besides being referred to as Mandarin-Seven, Abigail calls herself "Red Peril".
• Marc Kumarwas a freelancer P.R. and marketing expert who met Pepper Potts in Las Vegas, during Tony Stark's absence in space, while he was handling a drunk client at a party Pepper was attending. After dating for months, Marc proposed to Pepper in Scotland. From the stories Pepper told him about Stark, Marc came to the conclusion that he treated her badly, and grew resentful at Tony. He was approached by the Mento-Intensifier Ring to help get revenge on Tony Stark, where he became Mandarin-Eight.
• An unnamed Broadway director/composer/conductor was formerly in charge of a musical based on Iron Man's life called "The Man in the Iron Mask" which showed Tony Stark as a pervert. Under the orders of Stark himself, the director was replaced and he took it poorly. The Electro-Blast Ring latched onto an egotistical musical-theatre artist calling himself "The Lighting Conductor" and operated as Mandarin-Nine.
• The supervillainEndothermwas chosen by the Ice Blast Ring to become Mandarin-Ten and help to get revenge on Tony Stark. His ring was later stolen by Abigail Burns using a Master Ring.

However, after the Malekith beheaded Mandarin-One and Mandarin-Nine, as well as cutting off the hands of Mandarin-Six,the remaining six Mandarins joined forces just in time to attack Malekith while Iron Man was also mounting an assault on the Dark Elves.With Malekith defeated, the Mandarins initially contemplated continuing to work together due to Kumar's influence, but after Tony and Arno were able to use the four rings they had recovered already to form a 'Master Ring' that could control the others, as well as convincing the former Mandarin-Six to help them, most of the remaining Mandarins were defeated in a final assault; the only one to escape was the Mole Man, who concluded that the rings had been more trouble than they were worth, as he was content with the status quo.

With all 10 rings now in custody, Iron Man realized the recoveredRecorder 451's corpse from deep space was transmitting an alien frequency that had upgraded the rings to become sentient.

Encounter with the Punisher and death

The final Mandarin turned up in his Tem Borjigen alias whenBaron Zemoselected him as the public face of the HYDRA-occupiedBagaliain his shared plot withDario Aggerand theRoxxon Energy Corporationto have theUnited Nationsrecognize Bagalia as an independent nation. As part of his revenge on HYDRA for manipulating him during the "Secret Empire"storyline, thePunisherfinds the Mandarin making a speech at the United Nations and fires a special bullet. After using his rings to slow down the bullet while trying to deflect it, the Mandarin is struck in the head and killed with the bullet, which is witnessed by Baron Zemo and everyone watching his speech.

Powers and abilities

The Mandarin is a superb athlete with tremendous skill in the variousmartial arts.Through repeated practice, he has toughened all the striking surfaces of his body, especially his hands, which are covered with thick calluses. He can even split Iron Man's magnetic-beam reinforced alloy armor with repeated blows.So great is the Mandarin's martial arts ability, that he can even survive years without food and water, apparently sustaining himself purely via his mastery ofchi;the precise degree of the Mandarin's martial arts powers has been the subject of multiple impliedretconsby Marvel Comics.

The Mandarin is one ofMarvelEarth's greatest scientific geniuses, and highly skilled in various sciences. Not only has he made himself into an expert authority on alien Makluan science, but he has also built upon this knowledge by making further discoveries based upon it.

The principal personal weapons of the Mandarin are the10 ringswhich he wears on the fingers of both hands. The rings' operations cannot be explained by contemporary Earth science, but it is known that they served as near-limitless power sources for the warp-drive engines of the Makluan starship of Axonn-Karr. The Mandarin learned how to convert the rings to his personal uses and to make them respond to his mental commands. The fingers on which he wears each ring, and the known functions for which he uses each ring, are given below.

As of writerKieron Gillen's tenure on Iron Man, new names have been revealed for some rings which the rings—apparently sentient—use to identify one another. Capable of speech and inter-communication viatelepathy,the rings demonstrate personality traits and are even capable of mocking and humiliating the Nightbringer ring for failing to find a host at the same time as its fellows.The sentience was later revealed to be a temporary power-up caused by contact with the Recorder 451.

Digit	Left hand	Right hand
Little finger	Ice Blast/ "Zero" The ring emits waves of intense cold and ice which can be used to trap opponents. The ring usually causes the moisture in the air in the path of its blast to turn to ice, and can lower an object's temperature to nearly absolute zero. The gem is shaped like multiple small cylindrical capsules, colored blue-white.	Black Light/ "Nightbringer" The ring can create an area of total darkness that seems to absorb all light used within it. Although "black light" is a term used to refer to ultraviolet radiation, the darkness created by the ring is probably a form of the "Darkforce".The gem is shaped like four tiny black-blue dots, arranged in a square shape in groups of two.
Ring finger	Mento-Intensifier/ "The Liar" The ring magnifies the wearer's own psionic energy, allowing him to manipulate the thoughts and actions of others, putting them under his control and transmitting orders to them mentally. Most frequently used to create illusions, capable of affecting all five senses. The gem is shaped like a blue diamond/tilted square.	Disintegration Beam/ "Spectral" The ring emits a beam of energy that destroys all bonds between the atoms and molecules of the object that it strikes, causing them to disintegrate. This ring needs twenty minutes to recharge after use. The gem is shaped like a golden square.
Middle finger	Electro-Blast/ "Lightning" The ring emits blasts of electricity in amounts and intensities mentally determined by the wearer. The maximum current attainable is not known. The gem is shaped like an angled green line.	Vortex Beam/ "Spin" The ring causes the air to move about at high speed in a vortex. The vortex can be used offensively, as a means of levitating objects, or as a means of propelling the ring's wearer through the air. The gem is shaped like a simple blue circle.
Index finger	Flame Blast/ "Incandescence" The ring emits infrared radiation or heat at intensities mentally determined by the wearer. Usually the heat produces flame through incandescing the molecules in the air in the path of the blast. The heat beam can be used to trigger chemical explosions. The maximum amount of heat that it can generate is not known. The gem is shaped similarly to the ice blast ring, but with four capsules and a red color.	Impact Beam/ "Influence" This ring can emit various forms of energy, most frequently that of fast neutrons with great concussive force. The ring could also project intense sonic vibrations and create magnetic waves to attract or repel objects. The ring has been used to send Iron Man slamming through a mountain. The gem is shaped like a star, colored purple (or red).
Thumb	White Light/ "Daimonic" This ring can emit various forms of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum. It can generate intense light to blind opponents, use magnetic fields to levitate objects, use holograms to confuse opponents, and create gravity powerful enough to make Iron Man bury himself by trying to walk forward. The gem is shaped like two white circles, set in gold (almost like a pair of eyes).	Matter Rearranger/ "Remaker" This ring can rearrange the atoms and molecules of a substance, or speed up or slow down their movement, so as to produce various effects. The ring has been used to condense water vapor to liquid water, solidify gases, create lethal poison gas from the air, turn men to stone or into a beetle, change a mountain into a rock monster, erupt stone hands from the floor, rearrange costumes, or transform a man's body into a younger duplicate of the Mandarin. The ring cannot transmute elements or rearrange the atoms and molecules of Iron Man's magnetic-beam reinforced armor. The gem is shaped like a small purple circle.

Over the years through mental discipline achieved through meditation and long practice in use of the rings, the Mandarin has established a strongpsioniclink with his 10 rings, which was made many times stronger during the period in which hismind/spirit actually inhabited them.One result is that no one who wears the rings other than the Mandarin himself can command them without his permission. The Mandarin can now command the rings even when they are separated from him by vast distances. He can mentally monitor events taking place near a ring that has been separated from him. Continued exposure to the alien rings made his hands green and scaly. He can voluntarily give temporary control over a ring to his servants. If the servant dies or falls unconscious, the ring teleports back to the Mandarin. Conversely, if the Mandarin himself is knocked out, all the rings automatically return to him. On one occasion,this left the Mandarin's servants powerless to stop some of Tony Stark's employees that the Mandarin had kidnapped from escaping.

The Mandarin has also used a force-field generator,but this is not part of his standard weaponry.

He has also used a headband enabling him to transfer his mind into his rings or into another's body and a teleportation device hidden on his person, both examples of Makluan technology.

The Mandarin is a brilliant and brutal tactician and a gifted strategist. He also abides by a very strictcode of honor.When he attempted to stop Stark Enterprises from establishing itself in Hong Kong, the Mandarin challenged Iron Man to aduel,stating that if he won, he would take control of Stark Enterprises' Hong Kong operations, and that he would cease hindering Stark's activities if he lost. When Iron Man defeated him in fair combat, he lived up to his end of the agreement. On another occasion, he killed one of his minions for attempting to drug him during a practice session, angry that one of his students would use such dishonorable tactics.

Other versions

Spider-Ham

Mandaringtail,an anthropomorphiclemurvariant of the Mandarin from Earth-8311, appears inPeter Porker, the Spectacular Spider-Ham#16.

Heroes Reborn

An alternate version of the Mandarin from a pocket dimension created by Franklin Richards appears inHeroes Reborn.This version is a robot created byDoctor Doomas a puppet to controlHYDRA.

Marvel Mangaverse

An alternate universe variant of the Mandarin from Earth-2301 appears inNew Mangaverse#2.

House of M

An alternate universe variant of the Mandarin appears inHouse of M.

Ultimate Marvel

An alternate universe variant of the Mandarin from Earth-1610 appears in theUltimate Marvelseries as a villain in an in-universe television series.Additionally, the organizationMandarin Internationalappears inUltimate Comics: Iron Manas a former ally ofStark International.

Secret Wars(2015)

Zheng Zu,an alternate universe variant of the Mandarin fromBattleworld,appears inSecret Wars.He is the emperor ofK'un-L'unbefore his son Shang-Chi defeats and petrifies him.

In other media

Television

• The Mandarin appears inThe Marvel Super Heroes,voiced by Henry Ramer.
• The Mandarin appears inIron Man(1994), voiced byEd Gilbertin the first season andRobert Itoin the second.This version isArnold Brock,an archaeologist who encountered a buried alien spaceship and forged the gems inside it into rings to harness their powers. After battling Iron Man andForce Worksthroughout the first season, the Mandarin loses his rings and spends most of the second season traveling the world to reclaim them. He eventually succeeds, but is defeated by Iron Man and rendered amnesiac before mountain bandits kill him and obtain his rings.
• Several characters based on the Mandarin appear inIron Man: Armored Adventures,voiced byVincent Tong.Users of the identity wield the Makluan Rings, which in addition to imbuing them with various powers, allow them to don samurai-like armor that grants superhuman strength and durability. Additionally, the original Mandarin scattered them around the world years prior and employed Makluan Guardians to test potential successors.
  • The primary incarnation isGene Khan(also voiced by Tong),a descendant of the Mandarin andGenghis Khanwho is part Makluan due to genetic modifications he inherited from them. After obtaining the rings, he helps Iron Man and Earth's heroes repel a Makluan invasion before disappearing.
  • Xin "Shin" Zhangis Gene's stepfather and head of the Tong crime organization who initially claimed to be the "true Mandarin" before Gene imprisons him and disposes of him off-screen.
• The Mandarin appears inLego Marvel Super Heroes: Maximum Overload,voiced byBarry Dennen.
• The Mandarin appears inMarvel Disk Wars: The Avengers,voiced byTaiten Kusunokiin Japanese andJamieson Pricein English.

Film

The Mandarin appears inThe Invincible Iron Man,voiced byFred Tatasciore.This version is an ancient ruler of a Chinese dynasty who was served by two dragons,Fin Fang Foomand Zhen Ji Xang, before being defeated and losing his rings, which were scattered around the world. In the present, his descendant Li-Mei gathers the rings and uses their power, allowing him to project his spirit through her. However, they are eventually defeated by Iron Man.

Marvel Cinematic Universe

See also:Ten Rings (organization),Trevor Slattery,andXu Wenwu

Ben Kingsley at the 2014San Diego Comic-Con

Tony Leung in 2016

Several variations of the Mandarin concept appear in media set in theMarvel Cinematic Universe(MCU):

• The Mandarin is indirectly referenced via a terrorist group called the Ten Rings in the live-action filmsIron Man(2008),Iron Man 2,andAnt-Man.
• The Mandarin appears in the live-action filmIron Man 3as a terrorist persona portrayed by British actorTrevor Slattery(portrayed byBen Kingsley), who serves as the idealized image ofAldrich Killian(portrayed byGuy Pearce) to mask his illegal activities involving theExtremisvirus andAdvanced Idea Mechanics.
  • Slattery also appears in the live-actionMarvel One-ShotAll Hail the King,in which he is imprisoned inSeagate Prisonfollowing Killian's death before Ten Rings agent "Jackson Norriss"kidnaps him as punishment for abusing the Mandarin's name, andShang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings(see below).
• The "true" Mandarin appears in the live-action filmShang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings,portrayed byTony Leung.This version isXu Wenwu,the Ten Rings' leader and father ofShang-ChiandXialing,who became an immortal warlord through the Ten Rings'namesakes,though he never used the Mandarin name for himself.
• Alternate timeline variants of Wenwu appear in the animatedDisney+seriesWhat If...?,voiced byFeodor Chin.

Video games

• The Mandarin appears as aBossinCaptain America and the Avengers.
• The Mandarin appears as a Boss inMarvel Ultimate Alliance,voiced byJames Sie.This version was originally a member ofDoctor Doom'sMasters of Eviluntil he launched a failed rebellion against him and left the group.
• The Mandarin appears inMarvel Pinball.
• The Mandarin appears as a Boss inMarvel Avengers Alliance.
• The Mandarin appears as a Boss inMarvel Heroes,voiced again by Fred Tatasciore.
• The Mandarin appears as a Boss and anunlockableplayable character inLego Marvel Super Heroes,voiced byJohn DiMaggio.He andAldrich Killianlead Extremis soldiers in taking overStark Tower.After Killian is defeated, the Mandarin hijacks Iron Man's Hulkbuster Armor to fight Iron Man andCaptain America,but is defeated and arrested byS.H.I.E.L.D.
• The Mandarin appears as an unlockable playable character inLego Marvel's Avengers.
• The Mandarin appears as an unlockable playable character inMarvel Avengers Academy.
• Wenwu appears as an unlockable playable character inMarvel Future Fight.
• Wenwu appears as an unlockable playable character inMarvel Super War,voiced by Aleks Le.

Merchandise

• The Mandarin received afigurineinthe Classic Marvel Figurine Collection.
• The Mandarin received two figures, one in red and one in green, inToy Biz's 6 "Marvel LegendsFace-Offline as part of two-packs with Iron Man andWar Machinerespectively.
• The Mandarin, based on his appearance inIron Man(1994), received a figure in Toy Biz'sIron Manline.
• The Mandarin, based on theIron Man: Armored Adventuresincarnation, received a figure inHasbro's 3.75 "figure line.
• The Mandarin, under the name "Zhang Tong", received a figure in theMarvel Super Hero Squadline as part ofThe Danger of Dreadknightfour-pack alongside two figures of Iron Man and one ofDreadknight.
• The Mandarin received a figure in theMarvelMinimatesline.
• The Mandarin received a figure in Hasbro's 3.75 "Iron Man 2tie-in line. Additionally, a red version came out in a Marvel Universe comic pack with Iron Man's Silver Centurion armor.
• The Mandarin received mini-figures in two ofLego's Marvel Super Heroes sets, "Iron Man: Malibu Mansion Attack" and "Iron Man vs. the Mandarin: Ultimate Showdown".
• The Mandarin received a series of figurines in theHeroClixline.
• Xu Wenwu received mini-figures in Lego's "Escape from the Ten Rings" and "Battle at the Ancient Village" sets.

External links

• Mandarinat Marvel