MTA Regional Bus Operations

MTA Regional Bus Operations(RBO) is the surface transit division of theMetropolitan Transportation Authority(MTA). It was created in 2008 to consolidate all bus operations inNew York Cityoperated by the MTA. As of February 2018,MTA Regional Bus Operations runs 234 local routes, 71 express routes, and 20Select Bus Serviceroutes. Its fleet of 5,840 buses is the largest municipal bus fleet in the United States and operates 24/7. In 2023, the system had a ridership of 730,924,600, or about 2,400,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2024.

MTA Regional Bus Operations (MTARBO)

Parent	Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Founded	May 7, 2008
Headquarters	2 Broadway New York, New York
Locale	New York metropolitan area
Service area	New York City
Service type	Local, limited-stop,bus rapid transit,and express bus service
Routes	325 total: 234 local routes 71 express routes 20SBSroutes
Fleet	5,840
Daily ridership	2,400,700 (weekdays, Q3 2024)
Annual ridership	730,924,600 (2023)
Fuel type	CNG,Diesel,electric,hybrid electric
Operator	New York City Transit Authority,MTA Bus Company
Executive	Frank Annicaro, Senior Vice President
Website	new.mta.info/agency/new-york-city-transit

The division comprises two brands:MTA BusandMTA New York City Bus.While MTA Bus is an amalgamation of former private companies' routes, MTA New York City Bus is composed of public routes that were taken over by the city before 2005, except theSIM23andSIM24which were taken over in 2022. The MTA also operatesparatransitservices and formerly operatedLong Island Bus.As of 2018,MTA Regional Bus Operations' budgetary burden for expenditures was $773 million.

Brands and service area

Regional Bus Operations is currently only used in official documentation, and not publicly as a brand. The current public brands are listed below:

• MTA New York City Bus– most routes within the City of New York, operated by theNew York City Transit Authority(NYCT) and subsidiary Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA).
• MTA Bus– service previously administered by theNew York City Department of Transportationand operated by seven companies at the time of the takeover, mostly concentrated in Queens, with some routes in the Bronx and Brooklyn, and most express service from Brooklyn, Queens and the Bronx to Manhattan. The seven former companies were,Command Bus Company,Inc.;Green Bus Lines,Inc.;Jamaica Buses,Inc.,Liberty Lines Express,Inc.;New York Bus Service,Inc.;Queens SurfaceCorp.; andTriboro CoachCorp.

The most common scheme today is a straight blue stripe across the sides of the bus against a white base, with no colors on the front or back, and black window trim. From 1977 until late 2007, the livery was a full all-around stripe with a black rear, and until late 2010 (and still present on buses repainted during this time), the scheme was a stripe with a white rear and no rear stripe. Buses operated inSelect Bus Servicebus rapid transitservice are wrapped with a light blue-and-white wrap below the windows. In spring 2016, a new livery was introduced based on navy blue, light blue, and yellow, with a mostly blue front and sides, a light blue and yellow wave, and a yellow back. This new livery will gradually replace the blue stripe on a white base livery. The livery is commonly known as the MTA's Andrew Cuomo Scheme or Excelsior Scheme (after the state motto for New York).

Currently, many RBO's operational changes have been at the management level, with the creation of a unified command center and consolidation of management for all bus operations, with the aim of reducing redundancies in the agency. Other changes have included eliminating the MTA Bus call center, folding it into that of MTA New York City Transit, and the unification of the fare policy for all of the MTA's services.

History

The history of the MTA's bus operations generally follows the history of theNew York City Transit Authority,also known as MTA New York City Transit (NYCT), which was created on June 15, 1953, by the State of New York to take over operations then operated by theNew York City Board of Transportation.In 1962 the State established the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA) as a subsidiary of NYCT to take over operations then operated by two private companies, Fifth Avenue Coach Lines, Inc. and Surface Transit, Inc.Both NYCT and MaBSTOA operate service pursuant to a lease agreement with the City of New York.

MTA New York City Bus

An early livery for the NYC Transit Authority

City involvement with surface transit in the city began in September 1919, when MayorJohn Francis Hylan,through the New York City Department of Plant and Structures (DP&S), organized private entrepreneurs to operate "emergency" buses to replace four abandonedstorage batterystreetcar lines:the Madison Street Line,Spring and Delancey Streets Line,Avenue C Line,andSixth Avenue Ferry Line.Many routes were soon added, replacing lines such as theBrooklyn and North River Line(trolleys)and Queens Bus Lines (buses),and the DP&S also began operatingtrolleysinStaten Islandto replace the Staten Island Midland Railway's system.

Another city acquisition was the Bridge Operating Company, which ran the Williamsburg Bridge Local trolley, acquired in 1921 by the DP&S.Unlike the other lines,this one remained city-operated, and was replaced by theB39bus route on December 5, 1948, by then transferred to theNew York City Board of Transportation.

With the city takeover of theBrooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation's surface subsidiary, theBrooklyn and Queens Transit Corporation,on June 2, 1940,the city gained a large network of trolley and bus lines, covering all ofBrooklynand portions of Queens.On February 23, 1947, the Board of Transportation took over theStaten Islandbus network of the Isle Transportation Company.Further acquisitions were made on March 30, 1947, with theNorth Shore Bus CompanyinQueens,and September 24, 1948, with the East Side Omnibus Corporation and Comprehensive Omnibus Corporation inManhattan.The final Brooklyn trolleys were theChurch Avenue LineandMcDonald Avenue Line,discontinued on October 31, 1956,though the privately operated (by the Queensboro Bridge Railway) Queensboro Bridge Local remained until 1957.

The early 1970s livery, using a blue base. This bus, aFlxible New Look,is operating in special holiday service in 2008.

By the late 1950s, the city operated all local service in Staten Island and Brooklyn, approximately half of the local Queens service, and several Manhattan routes. Several private companies operated buses in Queens, and the Avenue B and East Broadway Transit Company operated a small Manhattan system. The largest system was theFifth Avenue Coach CompanyandSurface Transit,which operated almost all Manhattan routes and all Bronx routes, plus two into Queens (15 Fifth Avenue – Jackson Heights and TB Triborough Bridge) and one within Queens (16 Elmhurst Crosstown). After astrikein 1962, the city condemned the assets of the bus companies.

To facilitate the anticipated sale of the bus service back to private ownership, a new agency, the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA) was formed as a subsidiary of the New York City Transit Authority to operate the former Fifth Avenue Coach Lines, Inc. and Surface Transit, Inc. routes under lease from the city. The final acquisition was in 1980, when MaBSTOA took over operations of the Avenue B & East Broadway Transit Co. Inc.'s routes, using MaBSTOA equipment with Avenue B red route roll signs (NYCTA acquired the 13 Grumman Flxibles that had been assigned to Avenue B and placed them in NYCTA service).

In late 1981 the MTA merged the New York City Transit Authority's Surface Division (aka NYCTA Civil Service) with the Manhattan & Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (aka MaBSTOA Non Civil Service) into one single entity using the MTA New York City Transit Authority (or MTA – New York City Bus ) moniker instead of the former.

Public takeover of the remaining Queens buses, as well as most express routes, was implemented in 2005 and 2006 when the city purchased the assets of seven private bus companies, and entered into an agreement with the newMTA Bus Companyfor their operation and funding.In 2008, the bus operations of New York City Transit and MTA Bus Company (as well as the now former Long Island Bus division) were merged into a new regional operation, MTA Regional Bus Operations. The New York City Bus and MTA Bus brands continue to be used on all buses, but New York City Transit (NYCT), Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA), and MTA Bus Company continue to be the legal entities operating the services.

MTA Bus

A typical vehicle, a 2007MCIcruiser, used in express bus service. This example wears the livery used from 1977 until 2016.

MTA Bus Company was established in late 2004 to operate bus services resulting from the city's takeover of the privately operated bus route operations previously administered and subsidized by theNYCDOT.

A MTA BusOrion VIIOld Gen on theQ100 Limited,this route used to be part ofQueens Surface Corporationas the Q101R, till MTA takeover in 2005

The routes were taken over on a staggered schedule, beginning with the formerLiberty Lines Expressbus routes on January 3, 2005,Queens Surface Corporationbus routes on February 27, 2005,New York Bus Servicebus routes on July 1, 2005,Command Bus Companybus routes on December 5, 2005,Green Bus Linesbus routes on January 9, 2006, andJamaica Busesbus routes on January 30, 2006.Triboro CoachCorporation, the final remaining company, ceased operating on February 20, 2006.

Currently, the only NYCDOT-subsidized lines not consolidated into MTA Bus are those run byAcademy Busand formerly byAtlantic Expressuntil their bankruptcy in 2013. Academy Bus previously operated those routes and others until 2001, when Atlantic Express and NYCT took them over.Although the X23, and X24 routes were absorbed by Atlantic Express, the X17J, X21, X22, and X30 routes were absorbed by theNew York City Transit Authority.NYCT discontinued service on the X21 months after the takeover.Recently, NYS AssemblymanLou Tobaccoand NYS SenatorAndrew Lanza,along with U.S. CongressmanMichael E. McMahonand NYC CouncilmenVincent IgnizioandJames Oddohave asked the MTA to look into the possible consolidation of the remainder of the NYCDOT routes.

In Brooklyn, a company called Private Transportation operates the B110 route. This is franchised but not subsidized by NYCDOT. Atlantic Express also ran the AE7 express route from theTottenvilleandTravisneighborhoods of Staten Island in the same manner as the Private Transportation B110 local route. Citing low ridership and increased costs, Atlantic Express canceled the AE7 service on December 31, 2010. Councilmen Ignizio and Oddo as well as CongressmanMichael G. Grimmhave called on the MTA to revamp that route also.

During late 2021, due to an external lawsuit with the garage that operated the SIM23 and SIM24, the MTA announced the takeover of the two lines was imminent. On January 3, 2022, the MTA assumed control over the SIM23 and SIM24 routes formerly run by Academy. These routes are operated by New York City Transit out of theCharleston Depot.As a result of the takeover, the MTA modified the schedule and added two new trips in both directions for both routes.

Merger

An MTA articulatedNova Bus LFS articulated busin the current livery, introduced in spring 2016

The current system came into being in the mid-2000s following the MTA's assumption, through its subsidiary MTA Bus Company (MTABC), of services previously operated by private carriers under operating authority agreements administered by theNew York City Department of Transportation,the successor to the New York City Bureau of Franchises. MTABC operates service pursuant to an agreement with the City of New York under which all expenses of MTABC, less operating revenues, are reimbursed. This brought almost all bus transportation in New York City under its control.

After the bus mergers were completed in 2006,the MTA then moved to streamline its operations through consolidation of management function. To that effect, RBO was officially created in May 2008, with the president of what was then MTA New York City Transit's Department of Buses, Joseph J. Smith, named to lead the consolidated bus operations.MTA Regional Bus also included theMTA Long Island Busdivision until December 2011, when its services were transferred to the private operator Veolia Transport.

In 2008, the bus operations of MTA Bus Company and New York City Transit (as well as the now former Long Island Bus division) were merged into a new regional operation, MTA Regional Bus Operations. The MTA Bus brand continues to be used. This brand, and the New York City Bus brand, was removed from buses delivered from 2016 on, and the blue-stripe livery was replaced with a new blue-and-yellow livery. The first order with the new livery, 75 articulated buses for MTA Bus, were delivered in spring and summer 2016.

Until December 31, 2011, MTA Regional Bus Operations also operatedNassau County's bus and paratransit service, formerly known asLong Island Bus.This service was operated by the MTA under an agreement with Nassau County, who owned its facilities and equipment. In 2011, the MTA asked Nassau County to provide more funding for Long Island Bus than they were at the time. The county refused to provide additional funding, and the MTA voted to end operation of the system at the end of 2011. The county then decided to hireVeolia Transport(nowTransdev), a private transportation company, to operate the system in place of the MTA beginning in 2012. The system was then rebranded "Nassau Inter-County Express".

Operations

See also:List of bus routes in the Bronx,List of bus routes in Brooklyn,List of bus routes in Manhattan,List of bus routes in Queens,List of bus routes in Staten Island,andList of express bus routes in New York City

MTA Regional Bus routes are spread out across New York City. However, some bus routes may also operate to areas beyond city limits. TheQ5andQ85routes cross theNassau Countyborder to go to theGreen Acres MallinValley Stream.TheQ2andQ110routes leave Queens as they run along Hempstead Turnpike and onto theCross Island Parkway,andBelmont RacetrackinElmont,where they turn-around and re-enter the city. TheQ46local andQM6express buses run along Lakeville Road inLake Success,Nassau County upon enteringLong Island Jewish Medical Centerand North Shore Towers. TheQ113andQ114cross into Nassau County between Southeast Queens andFar Rockaway.During peak hours, selectQ111buses run toCedarhurstin Nassau County.

TheBx16route runs intoWestchester Countyfor two blocks inMount Vernon.TheBx7,Bx9,Bx10,Bx31andBx34buses make their last stops at the Bronx–Westchester border.BxM3express buses leave the city as they operate to Getty Square inYonkers.TheQ4,Q12,Q30,Q36,Q43andQ111buses make their last stops at the Queens-Nassau border. TheS89is the only route to have a stop outside state borders, terminating at the34th StreetHudson-Bergen Light Railstation inBayonne, New Jersey.Some Staten Island express routes run via New Jersey, but do not stop in the state.

Local bus routes are labeled with a number and a prefix identifying the primary borough of operation (BforBrooklyn,Bxforthe Bronx,MforManhattan,QforQueens,andSforStaten Island).Express bus routes to Manhattan generally use a two-letter prefix with an "M" at the end (e.g. an express route from Brooklyn is prefixedBM;from the Bronx,BxM;from Queens,QM;and from Staten Island,SIM). Exceptions to this rule are seven Brooklyn and Queens express routes operated by New York City Transit using anXprefix, which will be retired under both borough’s redesigns. Lettered suffixes can be used to designate branches or variants.The two-letter prefixed express system (BM,BxMandQM) was originated by the former private carriers taken over by MTA Bus.

As of 2018,MTA Regional Bus Operations' budgetary burden for expenditures was $773 million, which it supports through the collection of taxes and fees.

Local and limited-stop service

A formerBee-Line Bus SystemOrion Von theQ113,displaying "LIMITED" on its route sign, with several "Limited" cards on the operator's dashboard. This particular bus was withdrawn from service and scrapped in 2013.

Local andlimited-stopbuses provide service within a single borough, or in some cases across two. While local buses make all stops along a route, limited-stop buses only make stops at busy transfer points, points of interest, and heavily used roadways. Limited stop service was first attempted with theM4bus during rush hours in 1973, then expanded to other routes from there. The usual setup is that limited stop service runs the full route, while local services run only in the limited stop area, and the limited stop buses run local at the tail ends of the route not served by locals, similar to the operation of some subway services and the Staten Island Railway.

There are full-route limited-stop buses that run alongside the local variant, making limited stops along the entire route; limited-only buses with no local variants under the same route number; and limited-zone buses, with a semi-limited section (with smaller distances between stops than on regular limited routes) near the route's tail ends, and a non-stop section in the middle.

Limited-Stop buses flash "LIMITED" on the destination sign. Occasionally, a paper orange and purple "Limited" sign will also be placed at the bottom of the windshield by the bus operator in case of false assumptions. Dark navy blue "LOCAL" and red "Express" signs also exist.

The following MTA Regional Bus routes run limited stop service (for non-Staten Island routes, where there is a route numbering system,boldindicates no corresponding local service on the limited-stop route, anditalicindicates no corresponding daytime local service on the limited-stop route):

Borough	Routes	Ref.
The Bronx	Bx1,Bx15,Bx36
Brooklyn	B6,B35,B38,B41,B49,B103
Manhattan	M1,M2,M4,M5,M98,M101
Queens	Q4,Q5,Q6,Q10,Q17,Q25,Q27,Q36,Q43,Q46,Q50,Q58,Q65,Q83,Q85,Q100,Q113,Q114
Staten Island	S81,S84,S86,S89,S90,S91,S92,S93,S94,S96,S98

Select Bus Service

A Select Bus Service fare payment center.

Select Bus Service bus #6098 operating on theM60 SBSservice throughMorningside Heights

Main article:Select Bus Service

Select Bus Service(SBS), the brand name for MTAbus rapid transitservice, is a variant of Limited-Stop bus service that requires fare payment to be madebeforeboarding the bus, at fare payment machines in shelters at designated "stations" (such a shelter is shown to the right). Receipts given for payment of fare are "proof-of-payment"that must be shown to the MTA's fare inspectors upon request. In the event of the fare machine failing to issue a receipt, the bus operator must be notified of the problem. The implementation of this new service is paired with new lane markings and traffic signs that reserve a lane for buses only during the daytime.

The first Select Bus Service corridor, on theBx12along207th Street,Fordham Road,andPelham Parkway,was placed into service on June 29, 2008.The next line, theM15,saw Select Service begin on October 10, 2010 after the delivery of new low-floor buses.TheM34/M34Aline was started on November 13, 2011. Initially, a 34th Street busway was planned that would require eliminating34th Streetas a through street, but it was dropped in favor of the standard SBS model.

TheB44Rogers/Bedford/Nostrand Avenuesbus route, the fifth Select Bus Service corridor in the city, was implemented on November 17, 2013 after the arrival of new fare machines. TheS79Hylan Boulevard/Richmond Avenueroute, initially slated to be converted to SBS in 2013, was moved up to September 2, 2012; the local equivalents of the S79 route are the S78 and S59 buses.

A sixth corridor, the second for the Bronx, began service on theBx41Webster Avenueroute on June 30, 2013; this route was the first "Phase II" SBS route to begin service (the existing corridors plus the B44 comprise Phase I). Another Select Bus Service route on Webster Avenue, which will be extended to run betweenLaGuardia AirportandFordham Plazaalongside the local Bx41 route, is proposed for later implementation.

A seventh corridor, and the third for Manhattan, theM60125th Street–Triborough Bridge–Astoria Boulevardbus route to LaGuardia Airport, was converted to SBS on May 25, 2014; local service was replaced by other routes running alongside the route of the M60 (theM100,M101,Bx15,andQ19).An eighth Select Bus Service route was planned in the 2014–2017 Financial Plan.The eighth Select Bus Service corridor (ninth route overall), and the fourth in Manhattan, was for theM86running on86th Street,which was originally scheduled to start running on June 28, 2015, but pushed back to July 13, 2015; it did not include a major change in stops.

The ninth corridor, and the second for Brooklyn, is theB46onUtica Avenue.When implemented, the local and Select Bus Service route of the B46 changed northern terminals to improve reliability. Originally planned for implementation in fall 2015, it was instituted on July 3, 2016.The tenth corridor, and the first for Queens, is theQ44limited bus route running on East 177th Street (theCross Bronx Expresswayservice road) andMain Street,which began on November 29, 2015. Selected stops in the Bronx were combined into much busier stops for faster service, and some stops in Queens have been replaced by theQ20A/Blocal routes. As both the Q20 branches do not enter the Bronx and the Q44 ran local late nights only, the Q44 gained 24/7 SBS service between theBronx ZooandJamaica.The Q20A replaced the Q44 local in Queens late nights.

In September 2016, the eleventh corridor (twelfth route overall) and the second for Queens, theQ70,was rebranded as the "LaGuardia Link" and became a SBS route. As opposed to other SBS routes, the Q70 is wrapped in a light blue scheme with clouds and airplanes in order to encourage more people to use public transportation when using the airport. This marked MTA Bus's first SBS route, as well as the second for Queens and the eleventh overall.TheM23,the twelfth corridor (thirteenth route) and the fifth in Manhattan, became a Select Bus Service route on November 6, 2016 with dedicatedbus lanesand countdown clocks at some stops, replacing M23 local service at the cost of $1.7 million.

TheM79became an SBS route in May 2017,with the installation of bus lanes along its route.The Bx6, after the completion of bus lanes and widened sidewalks, became an SBS route in September 2017. It supplements the local service by stopping at high ridership stops. This is the third route for the Bronx.Select Bus Service alongWoodhaven and Cross Bay Boulevardswas implemented on theQ52andQ53routes in November 2017.

Select Bus Service along Kings Highway was implemented on the B82, which replaced the former Limited-Stop route, on October 1, 2018.The city subsequently announced that following the implementation of the B82 SBS, it would halt the implementation of Select Bus Service in the outer boroughs until 2021 as a result of budget cuts, and an upcoming redesign of the city's bus network.

A temporaryM14 Select Bus Serviceroute was proposed for implementation in early 2019, in preparation for the14th Street Tunnel shutdown.This route would have run between Tenth Avenue and Stuyvesant Cove Ferry, with local service on the M14A and M14D. Five additional temporary routes would have been implemented for the shutdown in April 2019.However, on January 3, 2019, the shutdown plan was altered by GovernorAndrew Cuomoand the proposed SBS routes were put on hold.In February 2019, the MTA announced plans to implement SBS on the M14A and M14D,and has since been implemented on July 1, 2019.

All current SBS corridors are enforced by cameras restricting non-buses in these lanes on weekdays where the bus lane is curbside, with the bus lanes marked by red paint. Where the bus lane is an offset lane (that is, one lane away from the curb), non-bus traffic is restricted at all times except for emergencies.

Buses used in this service are identifiable with "stations" equipped with ticket machines, and most of them also have a "+selectbusservice" wrap identifying them as such buses. Locations of stops (and in some cases, the local bus stops) were shifted or eliminated where possible to prevent mi xing of local bus customers. SBS is offered in conjunction with theNYC DOTandNYS DOT.

Express service

Express bus service is generally geared towards peak hour commuters from theouter boroughsand neighboring suburbs that lack rail or subway services to and fromMidtown ManhattanorLower Manhattan.Some routes also provide significant off-peak service from early morning to late evening, every day. Routes with daily off-peak service include theBxM1/2, BxM3, BxM4, BxM6, BxM7, BxM8, BxM9, BxM10, BxM11, QM2, QM4, QM5/6, SIM3c, SIM4c, SIM33c, X27 and X28;the SIM1c runs 24 hours a day. 45-footMCIandPrevostover-the-road coaches are used for express service.

Service originally began on November 3, 1965, on route R8X (later X8, nowSIM5) traveling from the South Shore of Staten Island, up Hylan Blvd and Father Capodanno Blvd., into Downtown Brooklyn. In the 1980s, the R8X was renumbered and rerouted from Brooklyn to its current terminal in Lower Manhattan.

Access-A-Ride

AnMV-1Access-A-Ride cab

In addition to a 100% accessible bus fleet, New York City Transit also provides paratransit services under theAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990under theAccess-A-Ridebrand, for customers who cannot use regular bus or subway service. It services all five boroughs of New York City at all times.The Access-A-Ride paratransit services are provided by various independent contractors, mostly using vehicles owned by the MTA, with some exceptions.Although all buses are wheelchair-accessible, these vehicles provide anaccessible transport optionfor MTA riders. The program was created in 1991 after the passage of theAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

Bus stops

Within a service area,bus stopsare normally located every two to three city blocks apart; specific guidelines dictate that stops should be placed every 750 feet (230 m).Buses marked Limited-Stop, Select Bus Service, and Express have fewer stops. Stops are located curbside, usually at street intersections, identified by blue signage and shelters. Buses stop either on concrete pads, or designatedbus lanes(maroon-red if painted). Some bus stops, particularly alongSelect Bus Serviceroutes, are designed asbus bulbs.

All bus stops are in effect at all times unless otherwise indicated by signage.

Signage

B44 Select Bus Service bus stop in Brooklyn

Bus stops in New York City are identified by two types of signs:

• An older-style, simple rectangular metal sign, similar to otherstreet signsin the city.
• A newer, color-coded sign showing both route and destination.

Queens buses that run along the border withNassau County(Q36,Q46,QM6) or within Nassau County (Q111,Q113,Q114) will sometimes share former MTA Long Island Bus-style signage withNassau Inter-County Expressbus service, though many stops on the Q111, Q113, and Q114 routes in Nassau County are either unsigned, or simply signed as "No Stopping Bus Stop". These signs are also made of metal.

The newer signs, used on all New York City Bus-branded routes, were in place by the mid-2000s, while old-style bus stop signs still exist on many MTA Bus-branded routes, showing only the route and not the destination. All bus stop signs within the city borders are maintained by New York City Department of Transportation.The newer signs are made of recyclableABS plasticthat last up to ten years and are easier to maintain than the old metal signs, which last about three years on average. The green plastic pole stands from 12 feet (3.7 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m) high, versus the old 6-to-9-foot-high (1.8 to 2.7 m) metal signs. Both old and new-style stops carry aGuide-A-Ridebox that is attached to the center of the pole, providing route maps, schedules and other information.Guide-A-Ride boxes were installed on all NYCT routes by the 1980s.Implementation on MTA Bus Company routes took place in the 2000s for express buses, and in 2012–2014 for local bus routes.

Older signs

AQ19bus at an old-style bus stop, showing only the routes served, inDowntown Flushing, Queens.

The first metal signs in the city to feature a pictograph of a bus were installed by the Transit Authority in the 1960s.Metal signs in their current design, which are mainly used on MTA Bus-operated routes and at temporary construction-regulation bus stops, were first used in 1976, as part of a pilot program onFifthandSixth AvenuesinMidtown Manhattanfunded by theUrban Mass Transit Administration,and fully implemented in the 1980s.

A Q66 bus at an updated old-style bus stop with the timetable box, in Woodside, Queens

In its current iteration, the upper portion of the sign is red, reading "NO STANDING" with an arrow identifying the no standing zone. Below on a blue background is a white circle, with a blue pictograph of a bus and wheelchair from theInternational Symbol of Access.Routes are identified with color-coded labels (see below), but without destinations.Some signs for express-bus service are colored lime-green and read "EXPRESS" at the top.Due to MTA Bus Time coming out, most old-style stops received a timetable box indicating the bus route's map, expected time arrivals, and a code to use on the website or app.

Newer signs

A newer bus stop at Flatbush Avenue and Utica Avenue in Brooklyn, showing both the routes served and the destination

The modern color-coded lollipop-shaped bus stop signs, which are used at all bus stops on New York City Bus-operated routes as well as at bus stops shared with MTA Bus routes and other companies, were first installed in November 1996 inJamaica, Queens.They were designed by W.S. Sign Design Corporation.The signs were created following two federal grants given to the MTA and DOT in 1994 totaling $1.5 million,in response to complaints from bus riders that the previous metal signs lacked basic information about bus routes and schedules, and that some signs were often missing entirely. They were based on signs used inLondonandParisthat had existed since at least the 1950s.

The initial program called for the installation of 3,000 signs, of which 2,600 would be in Manhattan, and the remainder in the other boroughs. Initially, prototype signs were installed at selected locations, and then 400 signs started to be installed in December 1996, before being completed in April 1997, with the remaining signs installed by the end of 1997. The signs in Manhattan were installed using the $1 million USDOT grant, while the $500,000 from the Congestion Mitigation Air Quality grant was used for signs in the outer boroughs. The signs were placed at high-ridership bus stops that could not have bus shelters and locations where their durability could be properly tested. If the test was successful, it was expected that a full citywide installation would take six years.

The signs are in violation of the New York StateVehicle and Traffic Law,Section 1680. The law requires all "traffic control devices" to comply with the U.S.Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices(MUTCD) as modified by the NYSSupplement,and mandates that parking signs must be rectangular rather than circular.

The new bus stop sign features a large circle on top and rectangular color-coded bus route information on the bottom. The bus stop circle also has a pictograph of a bus and ADA wheelchair, in white on a blue background. Hanging off the pole below are rectangular bus route signs, color-coded by type of service. Each has a route number and final destination, usually the neighborhood in which it terminates, though a street or landmark is listed for some routes. Westbound Bx12 local signs, for example, read "Sedgwick Avenue"instead of the neighborhoodUniversity Heights.

At the bottom of this area is a white rectangle with black text announcing the name of the stop, usually the names of the streets at the intersection. On bus stops that operate at all times of day, an arrow and red text on the bottom of the upper circle indicates the no-standing zone for cars. On stops that only operate part-time, the top route number box will read "NO STANDING", with the top destination box listing the days and/or times of day this is in effect.Some bus routes that run underneathelevated subway lines(such as theBx9underneath theBroadway elevatedin the Bronx) use metal bus stop signs with a printed image depicting a modern bus sign, affixed to the pillars of the El.

Electronic countdown clocks

A countdown clock for Staten Island express routes nearCity Hall(left), and for theQ69 and Q100 busesinAstoria, Queens(right). The sign on the left displays "Stops Away", while the one on the right displays "Minutes Away".

Some bus stops, produced byData DisplayandSTV Incorporated,feature electronic countdown clocks. In addition to the route and destination, an LED readout in between displays how many stops away or minutes away the next bus is using the MTA's "Bus Time"system. The first two signs of this kind, inStapletonandNew Dorpon Staten Island, were installed in 2013. The Stapleton stop is solar-powered. A third stop was installed nearCity Hallin Manhattan in 2015. An additional 18 stops in Staten Island and Brooklyn were approved for installation in late 2014, 10 for Queens in 2015, and 100 in Staten Island in 2016, as part of the NYCDOT's plan to install around 350 across the city.In 2018, as part of itsBus Action Plan,the MTA announced that more signs would receive electronic countdown clocks.

Several stops alongSelect Bus Serviceroutes, such as the B44, B46, M34/M34A, M60, M79, M86, and Q44 employ different countdown clocks that are separate from bus stop signage. These clocks are part of wayfindinginformation kiosksinstalled in conjunction with the city's WalkNYC project beginning in 2013.As of 2016, a total of 32 bus stops had one of the two countdown clocks installed.The current countdown clocks are successors to a pilot program on the M15 in 2007, and another on the M34 and M16 buses between 2009 and 2012.

Sign colors

The signage for routes at bus stops may be given different colors depending on the types of services available at each stop.

Sign color	Type of service
Blue	MTA local bus service. Bee-Linelocal bus stops Pick-up only except along Broadway above West 242nd Street, White Plains Rd Between E. 241st Street and W. 1st Street (Mt. Vernon City Line), Boston Road, Fordham Road, Mundy Lane, and throughPelham Bay Parkin the Bronx, where there are pickup and drop-off. NICElocal bus stops within New York City limits Pick-up only outbound, drop-off only inbound in Queens, except inFar Rockaway, Queens,along Jamaica Avenue west of 239th Street and Hook Creek Boulevard. Some MTA Bus-operated local bus stops arelight blue.
Purple	MTA Limited-Stop bus service. Some MTA Bus-operated limited bus stops arelight purple.
Green	MTA express bus service, (pick-up only to Manhattan, drop-off only from Manhattan). B110express service in Brooklyn (privately operated). Some MTA Bus-operated express bus stops arelight green.
Turquoise	MTA Select Bus Service. Bus stops generally have several individual light blue and dark blue wavy stripes, juxtaposed with the background gradient. Newer routes have yellow stripes as well.
Turquoise & blue
Black	Service operates late nights only.
Yellow	Special school service (stopping at that stop only when New York City public schools are in session).
White	Private, tour, commuter and long-distance bus company bus stop.

Shelters

An old-style, black-frame bus shelter in the Bronx.

The current bus shelters found at many bus stops were designed by Spain-based advertising companyCemusa,as part of a citywide "street furniture"project that also included newsstands, bike shelters, and public toilets.Cemusa was awarded a 20-year contract for 3,300 bus shelters in May 2006, after the project had been receiving design bids going back to the 1990s. As opposed to the city paying Cemusa to install the shelters, the company paid for exclusive rights to advertise on the shelters; in return, the company would share a portion of the ad revenue generated.They replaced the simple old-style shelters, consisting of black-painted metal with glass.The first 24 shelters were installed by December 2006 in Queens.

A newer, steel-and-glass-frameCemusashelter on theB44 SBSroute in Brooklyn.

Designed by British architectNicholas Grimshawand his firmGrimshaw Architects,the shelters are constructed of stainless steel, with glass on three sides including the roof and rear. The fourth side consists of an advertising panel. On the non-advertising panel is an insert listing the streets of the intersection where the stop is located on the outer side, and route maps and information also featured on theGuide-A-Rideon its inner face.

The shelters come in five sizes (Regular: 5 by 14 feet (1.5 m × 4.3 m); Narrow: 3.5 by 14 feet (1.1 m × 4.3 m); Short: 5 by 10 feet (1.5 m × 3.0 m); Little: 3.5 by 10 feet (1.1 m × 3.0 m); and Double: 5 by 26 feet (1.5 m × 7.9 m)).All the modern shelters feature benches (many of the old ones did not), and were praised for environmentally friendly construction during their introduction.Several of these shelters, primarily in Manhattan, have since been equipped with LED displays,LCDvideo advertisement panels, and ad panels withNFCcommunication technology.Following the acquisition of Cemusa by French advertising firmJCDecauxin 2015, bus shelters are now maintained by JCDecaux.

Bus stops with shelters or nearby trees tend to be cooler than bus stops with neither shelters nor trees. A 2024 study found that some of the hottest bus stops in the city, which lacked both shelters and trees, were located in Queens and the Bronx.

Late-night Request-A-Stop

Between 10:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m., "Request-a-Stop" service is available as dictated byNYCDOTtraffic regulations. If requested by a passenger, the bus operator may discharge passengers at a location along the route that is not a bus stop, as long as it is considered safe. If the location is not "safe" (i.e. it will interfere with traffic flow), the bus operator will discharge passengers at the nearest safe location.Request-A-Stop is not available onSelect Bus Service,Express routes, Limited-Stop routes, or overnight bus shuttles.Request-A-Stop was inaugurated on December 5, 1993, in Staten Island, and expanded to other boroughs in 1994.

Fleet

AQ25CNGbus outsideJamaica Center – Parsons/Archer

AUSB charging portin a bus introduced in 2016.

Main article:MTA Regional Bus Operations bus fleet

See also:Bus depots of MTA Regional Bus Operations

The fleet consists of over 5,700 buses of various types and models for fixed-route service, making MTA RBO's fleet the largest public bus fleet in the United States.The MTA also has over 2,000 vans and cabs for ADA paratransit service, providing service in New York City, southwestern Nassau County, and the city of Yonkers. All vehicles (except for paratransit cabs) are fully accessible to persons with disabilities.Fixed-route buses are dispatched from 28 garages (20 New York City Bus and 8 MTA Bus) and one annex in New York City.

Several fleet improvements have been introduced over the system's history. The first large order of air conditioned buses began service in 1966."Kneeling buses"were introduced in 1976, and wheelchair lifts began appearing in 1980.Also in the 1980s,stop-requestcords ( "bell cords" ) were replaced by yellow tape strips. However, buses ordered after 2008 feature cords rather than tape strips due to the latter's higher maintenance cost.Articulated buseswere introduced in 1996, and have since become prominent in the Bronx and Manhattan.

Low-floor buses,designed to speed boarding and alighting and improve riding conditions for elderly and disabled passengers, were first tested in 1997and made up most of the new non-express buses ordered since the early 2000s. The last non-express high-floor bus was withdrawn in 2019.Most post-2000 orders also feature stop-request buttons located on grab bars.Since 2016, buses built after 2011 have been built or retrofitted withWi-Ficonnectivity andUSB charging ports.

Starting in 2016, efforts to bring an audio/visual system to the current and future fleet went underway to improve customer service and ADA accessibility by using next-stop announcements andpublic service announcements.Though the former Long Island Bus Division (nowNICE Bus) had already deployed such a system throughout its fleet since the early-2000s, the MTA had only trialed similar systems alongside GPS tracking between 2007 and 2012 on select routes in the New York City Bus system. Current plans include the installation of digital information screens installed throughout the interior of the bus which will provide real-time information such as time, weather, advertisements, & service advisories.The screens are supplied by contract from 3 different vendors and are installed on new bus deliveries starting in 2017 while buses built after 2008 are currently receiving retrofits.

A new livery was also introduced, replacing the blue stripe livery on a white base that had been in use in one variation or another since the late 1970s. The first of these buses entered service in mid-May 2016 on theQ10route.

Buses operating on clean or alternative fuels also make up a significant portion of the fleet, particularly since the establishment of the MTA's "Clean Fuel Bus" program in June 2000.Buses runningcompressed natural gas(CNG) were first tested in the early 1990s,and mass-ordered beginning in 1999.Hybrid-electricbuses, operating with a combination of diesel andelectric power,were introduced in September 1998,and mass-ordered beginning in 2004.Within the current fleet are over 1,600 diesel-electric buses and over 700 buses powered by compressed natural gas, which make up over half of the total fleet.This is the largest fleet of either kind in the United States.

Between 2017 and 2021, the MTA tested a fleet ofbattery electric buses– subsequently ordering battery-electric buses in sixty-foot articulated and forty-foot lengths from 2019 onwards.In 2022, the MTA announced that they would trialhydrogen fuel cell buses,funded by a grant fromNew York State Energy Research and Development Authority.The first two buses (New Flyer Xcelsior CHARGE H2) will be launched in The Bronx by late 2024.The MTA announced that it would only purchase zero-emission buses from 2029, and that the entire bus fleet will be zero-emission by 2040.

Fares

See also:New York City transit fares

Dollar bills and half-dollar coins are not accepted on fixed-route buses or Select Bus Service payment stations, nor are they accepted on buses of theBee-Line Bus System(Bee-Line) inWestchester Countyor theNassau Inter-County Express(NICE) inNassau County.All fares are inUS dollars,and the following fare policy applies to all New York City Transit, MTA Bus, NICE, and Bee-Line (except for the BxM4C) buses. Up to three children who are 5 years old or younger get to ride free provided that they are accompanied by a fare-paying rider.

TheQ70route has not charged a fare since May 2022.Starting in September 2023, five additional routes—one in each borough, namely theBx18,B60,M116,Q4andS46/S96—will not charge any fares as part of a pilot program.This program ended August 31, 2024.

Local, Limited-Stop, and Select Bus Service (transfer available upon request)		Express Bus Service (New York City Bus and MTA Bus)		Student fare		Access-A-Ride (New York City paratransit)
Full fare	Reduced fare	Full fare	Reduced-fare (off-peak only)	Student Free MetroCard (City of New York only)	Student Half Fare MetroCard (City of New York only)
$2.90 ($3.25 for a Single-Ride ticket)	$1.45	$7.00	$3.45	Free	$1.45	$2.90
Transfer rules: All transfers are good for 2 hours. EXCEPTION:A three-hour transfer window applies from transfers from any subway station to the Q22, Q113, and Q114 routes of MTA Bus, and the n31, n32 and n33 routes of theNassau Inter-County Express. MetroCardtransfers are good for one connecting trip on any other local or express bus service, New York City Subway, or Bee-Line buses (restrictions apply). EXCEPTIONS:Two transfers are available with MetroCard for the following transfers. The transfers must be made in order or in reverse order, and the 2-hour rule applies. Between bus routes crossing theStaten Island Railwaysouth of theStaten Island Expressway,the Staten Island Railway through St. George Ferry Terminal, and then any MTA local bus or subway service below Chambers Street in lower Manhattan. Between the B61, B62, and any bus route connecting with either the B61 or the B62. Between the B70, S53, and any bus route connecting with the S53. Between the Q22, Q35, and the2and ​5trains at theFlatbush Avenue–Brooklyn Collegestation. Between the Q22, Q52 Select Bus Service or Q53 Select Bus Service, and theAtrain at theRockaway Boulevardstation. Between the Q29, Q33, and Q72. Transfers with coins are good for use on one connecting local bus route. Other notes: Peak travel periods for express buses are 6:00 AM–10:00 AM and 3:00 PM–7:00 PM, Monday through Friday when buses are on a weekday schedule.

Fare collection

Main articles:MetroCardandOMNY

In November 1993,a fare system called theMetroCardwas introduced, which allows riders to use cards that store the value equal to the amount paid to a subway station booth clerk or vending machine.The MetroCard was enhanced in 1997 to allow passengers to make free transfers between subways and buses within two hours; several MetroCard-onlytransfers between subway stationswere added in 2001.With the addition of unlimited-ride MetroCards in 1998, the New York City Transit system was the last major transit system in the United States with the exception ofBARTinSan Franciscoto introduce passes for unlimited bus and rapid transit travel. Unlimited-ride MetroCards are available for 7-day and 30-day periods.One-day "Fun Pass" and 14-day cards were also introduced, but have since been discontinued.

In April 2016, MTA solicited proposals for a contactless "New Fare Payment System" to replace the MetroCard by 2022.On October 23, 2017, it was announced that the MetroCard would be phased out and replaced byOMNY,acontactless fare paymentsystem also by Cubic, with fare payment being made usingApple Pay,Google Pay,debit/credit cards withnear-field communicationtechnology, orradio-frequency identificationcards.The announcement calls for the expansion of this system to a general-use electronic fare payment system at 500 subway turnstiles and 600 buses by late 2018, with all buses and subway stations using electronic fare collection by 2020. However, support of the MetroCard is slated to remain until 2024.

Quality of service

Frequency

Two back-to-back buses on the M15 Select Bus Service route

As of November 2017,three-quarters of bus routes provide high-frequency service in at least one direction during rush hours, with buses arriving at least every ten minutes. Of these routes, 54% provide high-frequency service in both directions, while 21% provide service only in the peak direction (toward transit hubs during the morning, and away from these hubs during the evening). One quarter of routes run withheadwaysof more than 10 minutes during rush hours.

Of the five boroughs, the Bronx has the greatest proportion of bus routes with high frequencies in both directions, with 65% of routes running such frequencies as of November 2017.Manhattan has the highest ratio of routes with high frequencies in at least one direction, at 85%. On the other hand, more than 60% of routes on Staten Island, the city's least populous borough, ran with low rush-hour frequencies, marking the highest such ratio in the city. In roughly 28% of the city's neighborhoods, less than half of routes operate at high frequencies in both directions.Neighborhoods outside of each borough's central business districts, as well as off-peak service, are more likely to be subject to low-frequency bus service, despite significant off-peak demand in areas likeForest Hills, Queens,andSunset Park, Brooklyn.MTA Bus and New York City Bus also have the U.S.'s highest rates ofdeadhead runs,or "not-in-service" runs without passengers, with a respective 19% and 14% of trips being deadheads.

Buses running off-schedule are also common in the MTA Regional Bus system, with almost one in four buses running either too early or too late to maintain a constant spacing between buses. This is prevalent even on Select Bus Service bus rapid transit routes, where 20% of bus trips do not adhere to their schedules.Some routes suffer frombus bunching.Routes affected by bus bunching may not have any buses in a certain direction for prolonged periods of time, and then several buses will show up within a short time period. In 2017, nearly twelve percent of routes were considered to be bunched on a regular basis, compared to 9.4% in 2015.This phenomenon most affects bus routes withinBrooklyn Community Board 5in East Brooklyn, where 15% of buses are subject to bunching.

Speed

A bus on the M79 route, once ranked one of the slowest in the system

As of 2017,MTA buses on local buses run at average speeds of 7 to 8 miles per hour (11 to 13 km/h),the slowest of any major bus system nationwide.MTA Select Bus Service routes had marginally faster speeds, averaging 8.7 miles per hour (14.0 km/h).The average speed varies between boroughs, with Manhattan having the lowest average local-bus speed (6 miles per hour [9.7 km/h]) and Staten Island having the highest (11 miles per hour [18 km/h]).In 2017, sixteen of the seventeen bus routes with average speeds of less than 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) were located in Manhattan. Conversely, eight of the eleven routes with average speeds of more than 15 miles per hour (24 km/h) were located on Staten Island.On average, buses generally spend a little more than half of the trip (54%) in motion, while 22% of the trip is spent at bus stops and 21% is spent idling at red lights.

TheStraphangers Campaign,another riders' advocacy group, gives out "Pokey Awards" to the slowest bus routes of each year.The slowest bus routes are typically crosstown bus routes in Manhattan, with 14 of the slowest bus routes in 2017 being crosstown bus routes.In 2017, the slowest bus route was theM42crosstown bus on 42nd Street, which had an average speed of 3.9 miles per hour (6.3 km/h), approximately a walking pace. This was followed by theM31/M57,M50,andM66crosstown buses on 57th, 49th/50th, and 65th/66th Streets respectively, all of which averaged less than 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h).Other "winners" of the Pokey Award include theM79on 79th Streetand theM23on 23rd Street,both of which have now been converted to Select Bus Service routes. However, Select Bus Service routes only serve 12% of all bus riders as of 2016,and the average bus route is 10% percent slower than it was in the mid-1990s.

A 2015 study found that 35 MTA routes with significant ridership figures had average speeds of less than 15 miles per hour (24 km/h), and that the M66 crosstown bus had an average speed of 3.1 miles per hour (5.0 km/h). Slow bus rides were not limited to Manhattan routes; theBx2bus in the Bronx and theB35bus in Brooklyn both ran at speeds of less than 6 miles per hour (9.7 km/h).In 2018, the riders' advocacy group Bus Turnaround Campaign rated each bus route based on speed and reliability, and gave 75% of city bus routes a "D" or "F" grade.As a result, in early January 2019, former mayorBill de Blasiopromised to raise bus speeds by 25% by the next year.

As a result of these slow average speeds, MTA Regional Bus Operations has the highest per-mile operating cost of all city bus systems in the U.S., with a per-mile cost of $30.40. If the operating costs were closer to the U.S. average, MTA buses would have the highestfarebox recovery ratioamong U.S. cities' bus systems.

Length and winding routes

Many local New York City Bus and MTA Bus routes take long and winding routes that, in the most extreme cases, take more than two hours to traverse from end to end.Some of the longest routes are in Staten Island, where the average bus line is 10.6 miles (17.1 km) long. The longest local bus route in the city, theS78,is 20.8 miles (33.5 km) long and spans the entire length of Staten Island. Brooklyn also has several long bus routes, and the borough hosts three of the city's ten longest routes.

Some local routes divert into neighborhoods and detour down driveways rather than taking a more direct path. These routes then merge onto heavily congested main corridors.A 2017 report indicated that nearly half of bus routes had at least 10 turns along their routes. The most winding route was the Bx8 bus in the Bronx, with 29 turns.

Starting in 2015, the MTA investigated express bus routes on Staten Island, which were circuitous, duplicative, and infrequent.The MTA proposed replacing all of the existing express bus routes with simpler and shorter variants, a proposal supported by 76% of Staten Island residents who had learned about the study.After hosting several meetings with Staten Island residents, the MTA announced that express bus service to Staten Island was expected to be completely reorganized in August 2018. As part of the redesign, all of the existing bus routes were discontinued and replaced with 21 new routes with a "SIM" prefix.This was followed by the redesign of Bronx local and express routes, which took effect on June 26, 2022.The redesigns of the Brooklyn and Queens bus networks, initially scheduled for early 2021, were delayed due to theCOVID-19 pandemic in New York City.

Ridership

As of December 2017,weekday bus ridership in 2017 averaged 1.9 million, while total weekend ridership averaged 2.1 million. Express buses had an average weekday ridership of 40,200, while paratransit was used by a mean of 27,900 people each weekday.

Bus ridership has steadily declined through the 2000s and 2010s. From 2008 to 2017, bus ridership declined by more than 100 million.Average weekday bus ridership fell 5.7%, and average weekend bus ridership fell 4%, from 2016 to 2017.The greatest ridership decreases were in Manhattan, where bus ridership declined more than 15% from 2011 to 2016. Ridership decreased less dramatically in Brooklyn and parts of Queens and Staten Island, while ridership increased slightly within the Bronx, southwest Brooklyn, central Queens, and most of Staten Island.Bus lines that ran parallel to subway routes also saw ridership declines. As of 2017, there were thirteen bus routes with at least 20 stops within 0.1 miles (0.16 km) of a subway station; all saw ridership declines, with each route averaging a 20% loss.

Service improvements

Bus lanes

Bus lanes on the B44 route in Brooklyn

Main article:Bus lanes in New York City

To speed up bus service, the city started installing bus lanes inDowntown BrooklynandSt. George, Staten Island,in 1963.Another bus lane was soon installed alongHillside Avenuein Queens.In 1969, part of42nd StreetinMidtown Manhattanalso received a bus lane.Additional bus lanes were added in the 1970s and 1980s.Bus lanes now exist on major corridors in all five boroughs, and are especially prevalent on high-volume and Select Bus Service corridors. There are also bus lanes along several highways that lead to Manhattan.The city's bus lane network is about 104 miles (167 km) long as of November 2017,representing nearly two percent of the city's 6,000 miles (9,700 km) of streets.

The bus lane rules are enforced bytraffic camerasongantriesabove the lanes; photos are taken of vehicles who violate the rules, and these motorists are then fined.Bus lanes have generally increased average bus speeds and reduced travel times where they are installed. However, double-parked vehicles and other obstructions often force buses to merge out of these lanes.

Bus priority signals

As of July 2017,traffic signal preemptionis used on five bus corridors in New York City.Traffic signals with bus preemption allow traffic lights to display a green signal for a longer-than-normal period of time when a bus approaches the intersection. The first corridor to receive traffic signal priority was theVictory Boulevardcorridor on Staten Island in 2006, which usedinfrareddetection technology to allow traffic signals to communicate with transponders on buses.Although the system itself was successful, the buses with transponders were reassigned to bus routes in Brooklyn and Queens, rendering the devices useless. Moreover, MTA administrators did not see any cost savings from the program, and employees generally lacked the motivation to maintain the system.In 2008, the Victory Boulevard installation was followed by theFordham Road and Pelham Parkway corridor(Bx12 bus) in the Bronx, which usedGPStransponders aboard buses. Due to both systems' high cost, they were eventually removed from both corridors.

In 2011, MayorMichael Bloombergproposed that traffic signal priority be installed along 11 bus routes within the following two years.The MTA started testing signal priority along theM15in Lower Manhattan in 2012.From 2014 to 2016, fiveSelect Bus Serviceroutes received GPS-based traffic signal priority at 260 intersections. They were the M15 in Manhattan; theB44alongNostrand Avenuein Brooklyn; theS79alongHylan Boulevardon Staten Island; theBx41alongWebster Avenuein the Bronx; and theB46alongUtica Avenuein Brooklyn.The New York City government subsequently studied four of these routes, and found that all of the routes saw increases in average bus speeds along the portions that had bus priority signals.Speeds on these routes increased by an average of 18%.

Eleven more corridors were set to receive traffic signal priority by July 2017.The number of equipped intersections rose to 500 by March 2018, and was set to increase further to 1,000 intersections by 2020. However, as of that date, traffic signal priority was still in the testing stages,and preemptive traffic signals in New York City were used in much lower proportions than in other major cities.An expansion of traffic signal priority is planned as part of the Bus Action Plan.In January 2019, de Blasio said that the traffic signal priority program would be expanded to 1,200 intersections.As of June 2021,traffic signal priority was active at 1,700 intersections, and transponders had been installed in 2,700 vehicles that operated on seven routes.

Bus Action Plan

AnAlexander Dennis Enviro500double-decker bus unveiled as part of the Bus Action Plan

In April 2018, in response toa citywide transit crisisand complaints about the general quality of MTA bus service, the MTA published a Bus Action Plan detailing 28 suggestions to improve the bus system. Within twelve months, targeted corridor improvements were to be implemented, some bus stops would be removed to speed up service, and off-peak bus service would be expanded on strategic routes. As part of the plan, there will be a system-wide redesign of the bus network by 2021 to improve connectivity and provide more direct service.

Expanding bus priority is also part of the plan. Traffic Signal Priority would be implemented on additional routes, and new bus lanes and queue jump lanes would be instituted. In addition, the MTA would study ways to implement exclusive bus lanes and busways on priority corridors. To ensure that bus lanes are not blocked, dedicated transit-priority traffic teams would be put into place with the NYPD in 2019. Tap readers would be installed by the end of 2020, and all-door boarding would be installed with the introduction of a newcontactless paymentsystem that is planned to replace theMetroCard.There would be regular fare enforcement on bus routes to reducefare evasion.

The plan also contained some improvements to bus riders' experience. All buses delivered after April 2018, as well as 1,000 existing buses, would also receive digital information screens with automated announcements. In addition, by the end of 2018, new bus maps would be designed to make it easier to comprehend the bus network and to provide location-specific maps for neighborhoods in each neighborhood. Although the MTA had already started installing bus stop signs with real-time information, the Action Plan called for more bus shelters to be equipped with these signs. Starting in 2019, the MTA's mobile app would provide real-time seat availability information on selected bus routes. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality, the agency announced its transition to a zero-emissionselectric busfleet. The MTA would also test out adouble-decker buson the redesigned Staten Island bus routes in 2018.

Safety features and customer amenities were installed on new and existing buses as part of the Bus Action Plan.By January 2019, audible "pedestrian turn warning" announcement systems were installed on 617 buses, while cameras were installed on the inside of 3,469 buses and on the outside of 319 buses.Relocated or smaller pillars were installed on most new buses to increase visibility for drivers.Amenities such as USB charging ports, Wi-Fi, and digital information screens were installed on thousands of existing buses, as well as in all new buses.Traffic signal priority systems and automatic passenger counters were both installed in over a thousand buses.In addition, the MTA was planning to buy 248 compressed natural gas buses, 285 diesel-electric hybrid buses, and 60 electric buses in order to reduce energy emissions from the new bus fleet. Ten hybrid and ten electric buses had been tested in 2018.

As of June 2021,there were interior and exterior cameras on 4,200 buses, as well asrearview camerason 120 buses.In addition, 1,300 buses had pedestrian turn warnings and 1,800 buses had high-visibility windows.Digital information screens were installed on 2,800 buses, and automatic passenger cameras with information about passenger loads were installed in 2,500 buses.Additionally, starting in 2021, newer buses were equipped with wider rear doors and wheelchair ramps.The MTA deactivated the buses' free Wi-Fi in January 2023, citing the fact that only two percent of riders used the Wi-Fi; the agency estimated that this would save $3.3 million annually.As part of a pilot program in early 2024, CCTV screens were to be installed on 100 buses to discourage fare evasion and assaults against staff.

See also

• Transportation in New York City

External links

• Media related toMTA Regional Bus Operationsat Wikimedia Commons
• Metropolitan Transportation Authority