Wikipedia

Mario Bros.

This article is about the original arcade game. For other uses, seeMario Bros. (disambiguation).
Not to be confused withSuper Mario Bros.

Mario Bros.[a]is a 1983platform gamedeveloped and published byNintendoforarcades.It was designed byShigeru MiyamotoandGunpei Yokoi,Nintendo's chief engineer. Italian twin brother plumbersMarioandLuigiexterminateturtle-likecreaturesandcrabsemerging from the sewers by knocking them upside-down and kicking them away. TheFamicom and Nintendo Entertainment Systemversion is the first game to be developed byIntelligent Systems.It is part of theMariofranchise, but originally began as a spin-off from theDonkey Kongseries.

Mario Bros.
Player characters Mario and Luigi surround a green sewer pipe whilst being surrounded by a turtle (Shellcreeper), a fly (Fighter Fly) and a crab (Sidestepper), the latter of which is hiding inside the pipe.
North American arcade flyer
Developer(s)
Publisher(s)
Producer(s)Gunpei Yokoi
Designer(s)
Composer(s)Yukio Kaneoka
SeriesMario
Platform(s)
Release
1983
  • Arcade
  • Famicom/NES
    • JP:September 9, 1983
    • NA:June 1986
    • EU:September 1, 1986
  • Atari 2600, 5200
    • NA:December 1983
  • PC-88
    • JP:February 1984
  • FM-7
  • PC-8001
  • Commodore 64
    • NA:1984 (Atarisoft)
    • EU:1987 (Ocean)
  • Amstrad CPC
    • EU:June 19, 1987
  • Atari 7800
    • NA:July 10, 1987
  • ZX Spectrum
  • Atari 8-bit
    • NA:November 22, 1988
  • Nintendo e-Reader
    • NA:November 11, 2002
  • Game Boy Advance
    • JP:May 21, 2004
Genre(s)Platform
Mode(s)Single-player,multiplayer

The arcade, Famicom, and Nintendo Entertainment System versions were received positively by critics. Elements introduced inMario Bros.,such as spinning bonus coins, turtles that can be flipped onto their backs, and Luigi, were carried over toSuper Mario Bros.(1985) and became staples of the series.

An updated version, titledMario Bros. Classic,is included as aminigamein all of theSuper Mario Advanceseries andMario & Luigi: Superstar Saga(2003). The NES version ofMario Bros.had been re-released through theWiiandWii U'sVirtual Consoleas well asNintendo Switch Online;the original arcade version was released byHamster Corporationon theNintendo Switchas part of theArcade Archivesseries.[4]

Gameplay

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Mariois about to defeat aShellcreeper(arcade).

Mario Bros.features two plumbers,[5]ItalianbrothersMarioandLuigi,having to investigate the sewers after strange creatures have been appearing down there.[6]The objective of the game is to defeat all of the enemies in eachphase.The mechanics ofMario Bros.involve only running and jumping.[7]Unlike futureMariogames, players cannot jump on enemies and squash them, unless they were already turned on their back.[8]Each phase is a series of platforms with pipes at each corner of the screen, along with an object called a "POW" block in the center.[7]Phases usewraparound,meaning that enemies and players that go off to one side will reappear on the opposite side.[9]Points are scored for defeating enemies and collecting the bonus coins that emerge from the pipes afterward.[10]

Enemies are defeated by kicking them over once they have been flipped on their back.[11]This is accomplished by hitting the platform the enemy is on directly beneath them.[12]If the player allows too much time to pass after doing this the enemy will flip itself back over and recover.[11]

There are four enemies which emerge from the pipes: theShellcreeper;[13]the Sidestepper;[7]the Fighter Fly,[12]which moves by jumping and can only be flipped when it is touching a platform; and the Slipice which turns platforms into slippery ice.[14]A fifth enemy, fireballs, floats around the screen instead of sticking to platforms.[15]The "POW" block will flip all enemies touching a platform or the floor when activated, but can only be used three times before disappearing.[14]The game additionally contains bonus rounds.[11]In later rounds, icicles begin to form on the underside of the platforms and fall off.

One life is lost whenever the player touches an un-flipped enemy, fireball, or fully formed icicle. The game ends when all lives are lost.

Development

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Shigeru Miyamoto(pictured)andGunpei Yokoicollaborated on the design ofMario Bros.

Mario Bros.was created by Shigeru Miyamoto and Gunpei Yokoi, two of the lead developers for the video gameDonkey Kong.InDonkey Kong,Mario dies if he falls too far. ForMario Bros.,Yokoi suggested to Miyamoto that Mario should be able to fall from any height, which Miyamoto was not sure of, thinking that it would make it "not much of a game". He eventually agreed, thinking it would be okay for him to have some superhuman abilities. He designed a prototype that had Mario "jumping and bouncing around", which he was satisfied with. The element of combating enemies from below was introduced after Yokoi suggested it, observing that it would work since there were multiple floors, but it proved to be too easy to eliminate enemies this way, which the developers fixed by requiring players to touch the enemies after they've been flipped to defeat them. This was also how they introduced the turtle as an enemy, which they conceived as an enemy that could only be hit from below.[16]Because of Mario's appearance inDonkey Kongwith overalls, a hat, and a thick moustache, Miyamoto thought that he should be a plumber as opposed to a carpenter, and designed this game to reflect that.[17]Another contributing factor was the game's setting: it was a large network of giant pipes, so they felt a change in occupation was necessary for him.[6]The game's music was composed by Yukio Kaneoka.[18]

A popular story of how Mario went from Jumpman to Mario is that anItalian Americanlandlord,Mario Segale,had barged in onNintendo of America(NOA)'s staff to demand rent, and they decided to name Jumpman after him.[19]This story is contradicted by former NOA warehouse managerDon James,who has stated that he and then-NOA presidentMinoru Arakawanamed the character after Segale as a joke because Segale was so reclusive that none of the employees had ever met him.[20][21]Miyamoto also felt that the best setting for this game was New York due toits labyrinthine subterranean network of sewage pipes.[6]The pipes were inspired by severalmanga,which Miyamoto states feature waste grounds with pipes lying around. In this game, they were used in a way to allow the enemies to enter and exit the stage through them to avoid getting enemies piled up on the bottom of the stage. The green coloring of the pipes, which Nintendo late presidentSatoru Iwatacalled an uncommon color, came from Miyamoto having a limited color palette and wanting to keep things colorful. He added that green was the best because it worked well when two shades of it were combined.[16]

Mario Bros.introduced Mario's brother, Luigi, who was created for the multiplayer mode by doing a palette swap of Mario.[17]The two-player mode and several aspects of gameplay were inspired byJoust.[22]To date,Mario Bros.has been released for more than a dozen platforms.[23]The first movement fromMozart'sEine kleine Nachtmusikis used at the start of the game.[24]This song has been used in later video games, includingDance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix[24]andSuper Smash Bros. Brawl.[25]

Release

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Arcade cabinetofMario Bros.

The arcade game was released in 1983, but there are conflicting release dates.Game Machinemagazine reported that the game made its North American debut at the AMOA show during March 25–27 and entered mass-production in Japan on June 21.[26]The bookArcade TV Game List(2006), authored by Masumi Akagi and published by the Amusement News Agency, lists the release dates as March 1983 in North America and June 1983 in Japan.[27]Former Nintendo presidentSatoru Iwatasaid in a 2013Nintendo Directpresentation that the game was first released in Japan on July 6, 1983.[28][29]

Upon release,Mario Bros.was initially labeled as being the third game in theDonkey Kongseries. For home video game conversions, Nintendo held the rights to the game in Japan, while licensing the overseas rights toAtari, Inc.[30]

Ports and other versions

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Mario Bros.was ported by other companies to theAtari 2600,Atari 5200,Atari 8-bit computers,Atari 7800,[31]Amstrad CPC,andZX Spectrum.TheCommodore 64has two versions: anAtarisoftport which was not commercially released[32]and a 1986 version byOcean Software.The Atari 8-bit computer version bySculptured Softwareis the only home port which includes the falling icicles. An Apple II version was never commercially released,[33]but copies of it appear to exist.[34]

A port by Nintendo andIntelligent Systemsfor theNintendo Entertainment System(NES) was released in North America in June 1986. Another NES port was released in August 1993 exclusively inGermanyas part of theClassic Series.[35]

A port for NEC'sPC-8001,unrelated to the Hudson Soft-developedMario Bros. SpecialandPunch Ball Mario Bros.,was developed by MISA and published by Westside Soft House in 1984.[36]

A modified version titledKaettekita Mario Bros.,[b]was released only in Japan on November 30, 1988, for theFamicom Disk Systemthrough the Disk Writer service.[37]

In Taiwan and Mainland China, the game is sometimes nicknamed asPipeline( ống dẫn ) orMr. Mary( Mã Lỵ ) due to the fact that pirated copies of this game were distributed widely, and pirate companies could not use the real name of the game and characters to bypass copyright.[citation needed]

The NES version ofMario Bros.was ported via theVirtual Consoleservice in North America, Australia, Europe and Japan for theWii,[38]Nintendo 3DS,andWii U.[39][40]The original arcade version ofMario Bros.was released in September 2017 for theNintendo Switchas part of theArcade Archivesseries.[41]The NES version was a launch title forNintendo Switch Online.[42]

Nintendo includedMario Bros.as a bonus in a number of releases, includingSuper Mario Bros. 3[43]and the Game Boy Advance'sSuper Mario Advanceseries[44]as well asMario & Luigi: Superstar Saga,[45]The NES version is included as a piece of furniture inAnimal Crossingfor theGameCube,along with many other NES games, though this one requires the use of aNintendo e-Readerand a North America-exclusiveAnimal Crossinge-Card.[46]

In 2004, Namco released an arcade cabinet containingDonkey Kong,Donkey Kong Jr.andMario Bros.The latter was altered for the vertical screen used by the other games, with the visible play area cropped on the sides.[47]

Reception

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Mario Bros.was initially a modest success in arcades,[53]with an estimated 2,000 arcade cabinets sold in the United States by July 1983.[54]It went on to be highly successful in American arcades.[55][56]In Japan,Game MachinelistedMario Bros.on their July 15, 1983, issue as being the third most-successful new table arcade unit of the month.[57]In the United States,Nintendosold 3,800Mario Bros.arcade cabinets.[58]The arcade cabinets have since become mildly rare and hard to find.[59]Despite being released during thevideo game crash of 1983,the arcade game was not affected. Video game authorDave Ellisconsiders it one of the more memorable classic games.[60]To date in Japan, the Famicom version ofMario Bros.has sold more than 1.63 million copies, and theFamicom Minire-release has sold more than 90,000 copies.[61][62]TheNintendo Entertainment System(NES) version went on to sell 2.28 million cartridges worldwide.[63]The Atari 2600 version also sold 1.59 million cartridges, making it one of the bestsellinggames of 1983.[64]This brings total Atari 2600, NES andFamicom Minicartridge sales to3.96 millionunits sold worldwide.

The NES and Atari versions ofMario Bros.received positive reviews fromComputer and Video Gamesin 1989. They said the NES version is "incredibly good fun" especially in two-player mode, theAtari VCSversion is "just as much fun" but with graphical restrictions, and the Atari 7800 version is slightly better.[12]

The 2009Virtual Consolere-release of the NES version later received mixed reviews, but received positive reviews from gamers.[11]In a review of the Virtual Console release,GameSpotcriticized the NES version for being a poor port of the arcade version and that retains all of the technical flaws found in this version.[48]IGNcomplimented the Virtual Console version's gameplay, even though it was critical of Nintendo's decision to release an "inferior" NES port on the Virtual Console.[11]IGNalso agreed on the issue of the number of ports. They said that since most people haveMario Bros.on one of theSuper Mario Advancegames, this version is not worth 500 Wii Points.[11]TheNintendo e-Readerversion ofMario Bros.was slightly more well received byIGN,who praised the gameplay, but criticized it for lack of multiplayer and for not being worth the purchase because of theSuper Mario Advanceversions.[49]

TheSuper Mario Advancereleases andMario & Luigi: Superstar Sagaall featured the same version ofMario Bros.(titledMario Bros. Classic). The mode was first included inSuper Mario Advance,and was praised for its simplicity and entertainment value.[65]IGNcalled this mode fun in its review ofSuper Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2,but complained that it would have been nice if the developers had come up with a new game to replace it.[66]Their review ofYoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3criticizes it more so than in the review ofSuper Mario Advance 2because Nintendo chose not to add multiplayer to any of the mini-games found in that game, sticking instead with an identical version of theMario Bros.game found in previous versions.[67]GameSpot's review ofSuper Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3calls it a throwaway feature that could have simply been gutted.[44]Other reviewers were not as negative on the feature's use in laterSuper Mario Advancegames. Despite its use being criticized in mostSuper Mario Advancegames, aGameSpyreview called the version found inSuper Mario Advance 2a blast to play in multi-player because it only requires at least twoGame Boy Advances,one copy of the game, and a link cable.[68]

Legacy

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edit
Screenshot fromMario Clash(1995) for theVirtual Boy

In 1984,Hudson Softmade two different games based onMario Bros.Mario Bros. Special[c]is a reimagining with new phases and gameplay.Punch Ball Mario Bros.[d]includes a new gameplay mechanic: punching small balls to stun enemies.[69]Both games were released for thePC-6001mkII,[70]PC-8001mkII,[71]PC-8801,FM-7andSharp X1.[69]

A version of the game was announced alongside theVirtual Boyhardware itself atNintendo Space World 1994.Footage demonstrated showed a faithful recreation of the game, albeit with the Virtual Boy's trademark graphical qualities ofmonochrome red and black graphicsand a slightstereoscopic 3Deffect. Its demonstration was generally poorly received by video game publications, which lamented the selection of a decade-old game to demonstrate the technology of the new Virtual Boy hardware.Mario Bros. VB,as demonstrated, was never released, but some gameplay concepts were utilized inMario Clash(1995), a much more creative reimagining of the originalMario Bros.[72][73][74][75][76]

Super Mario 3D Worldfor the Wii U contains a version ofMario Bros.starring Luigi:Luigi Bros.This version, based on the NES port and included as a part of theYear of Luigicelebrations, replaced Mario with Luigi in his modern color scheme; the second player's sprite retains the original Luigi colors.[77][78]

High score

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On October 16, 2015,Steve Kleisathobtained the world record for the arcade version at 5,424,920 points verified byTwin Galaxies.[79]

Notes

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  1. ^Sources for the release dates are conflicting. Sources list it as somewhere between March and July 1983.

Japanese titles

  1. ^Japanese:マリオブラザーズ,Hepburn:Mario Burazāzu
  2. ^Japanese:Quy ってきたマリオブラザーズ,Hepburn:Kaette kita Mario Burazāzu
  3. ^Japanese:マリオブラザーズスペシャル,Hepburn:Mario Burazāzu Supesharu
  4. ^Japanese:パンチボールマリオブラザーズ,Hepburn:Panchi Bōru Mario Burazāzu

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