Mastigonemesarelateral"hairs" that attach to protistanflagella.Flimsy hairs attach to the flagella ofeuglenidflagellates, while stiff hairs occur instramenopileandcryptophyteprotists.[1]Stramenopile hairs are approximately 15nmin diameter, and usually consist of flexible basal part that inserts into the cell membrane, a tubular shaft that itself terminates in smaller "hairs". They reverse the thrust caused when a flagellum beats. The consequence is that the cell is drawn into the water and particles of food are drawn to the surface of heterotrophic species.
Typology of flagella with hairs:[2][3][4][5][6]
- whiplash flagella (= smooth, acronematic flagella): without hairs but may have extensions, e.g., inOpisthokonta
- hairy flagella (= tinsel, flimmer, pleuronematic flagella): with hairs (= mastigonemessensu lato), divided in:
- with fine hairs (= non tubular, or simple hairs): occurs inEuglenophyceae,Dinoflagellata,someHaptophyceae(Pavlovales)
- with stiff hairs (= tubular hairs, retronemes, mastigonemessensu stricto), divided in:
- bipartite hairs: with two regions. Occurs inCryptophyceae,Prasinophyceae,and someHeterokonta
- tripartite (= straminipilous) hairs: with three regions (a base, a tubular shaft, and one or more terminal hairs). Occurs in mostHeterokonta/Stramenopiles
Observations of mastigonemes usinglight microscopydates from the nineteenth century.[7][8][9][10][11]Consideredartifactsby some, their existence would be confirmed withelectron microscopy.[12][13]
References
edit- ^Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D. G. and Jahns, H. M. (1995).Algae: An introduction to phycology,Cambridge University Press, UK.
- ^Webster & Weber (2007).
- ^South, G.R. & Whittick, A. (1987).Introduction to Phycology.Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. p. 65,[1].
- ^Barsanti, Laura; Gualtieri, Paolo (2006).Algae: anatomy, biochemistry, and biotechnology.Florida, USA: CRC Press. pp. 60-63,[2]
- ^Dodge, J.D. (1973).The Fine Structure of Algal Cells.Academic Press, London. pp. 57-79,[3]
- ^Lee, R. E. (2008).Phycology(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 7,[4].
- ^Loeffler, F. (1889). Eine neue Methode zum Färbern der Mikroorganismen, im besonderen ihrer Wimperhaare und Geisseln.Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie und Parasitenkunde,6, 209–224.[5].
- ^Fischer, A. (1894). Über die Geißeln einiger Flagellaten.Jahrbuch für wissenchaftliche Botanik26: 187-235.
- ^Petersen, J. B. (1929). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flagellatengeißeln.Saertryk af Botanisk Tidsskrift.Bd. 40. 5. Heft.
- ^Vlk, W. (1931). Uber die Struktur der Heterokontengeisseln.Botanisch Centralblatt48: 214–220.[6].
- ^Deflandre, G. (1934). Sur la structure des flagelles.Annales de ProtistologieVol. IV, pp. 31-54.
- ^Pitelka, D. R. (1963).Electron-Microscopic Structure of Protozoa.Pergamon Press, Oxford.[7]
- ^Bouck, G.B. 1971. The structure, origin, and comnposition of the tubular mastigonemes of the Ochromonas flagellum. J. Cell. Biol., 50: 362-384
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