Wikipedia

Michel Vaillant

This article is about the comics series. For the 2003 film, seeMichel Vaillant (film).For the footballer, seeMichel Vaillant Mbiobe Mouegni.

Michel Vaillantis a Frenchcar racingcomicsseries created in 1957 by French[1]cartoonistJean Gratonand published originally byLe Lombard.Later, Graton published the albums by himself when he foundedGraton éditeurin 1982. Michel Vaillant is the main character of the eponymous series, a French racing car driver who competes mainly inFormula One.

Michel Vaillant
Cover ofLe Grand Defi,the first title of the series
Publication information
PublisherLe Lombard,Novedi, Fleurus,Graton éditeur
FormatBande dessinée
Publication date1957 - present
Main character(s)Michel Vaillant
Creative team
Created byJean Graton
Written byJean Graton, Phillipe Graton
Artist(s)Jean Graton,Studio Graton
Colorist(s)Jean Graton, Studio Graton

The feature first appeared inTintinmagazine, where Jean Graton had already published a number of short stories about real-life sporting heroes. The series appeared inTintinbetween 1957 and 1976, in France[2]as well as in Belgium.[3]An estimated 17 million copies of the series' albums have been sold worldwide.[4]

Publication history

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On February 7, 1957,[citation needed]Jean Graton created the character Michel Vaillant, with five short stories published in theFranco-Belgian comicsmagazineTintin,with publication beginning June 12, 1957. With their positive reception, a full-length adventure was written and drawn by Graton, published inTintinin 1959.

The titles were first published in album format byLe Lombarduntil 1976, then byDargauduntil 1979, byFleurusin 1979 and 1980, by Novedi in 1981 and 1982, and finally byGraton editeur,created and owned by Philippe and Jean Graton from 1983 on.[5]In 1995, a new series was launched, theDossiers Michel Vaillantseries, with stories and information on important figures in motorsports and theautomobileindustry. In 2000, thePalmarès Ineditseries was created, with early works and stories previously unpublished in books. In 2007,Studio Gratontranslated three titles intoEnglish:[6]"The Great Challenge" (Tome 1), "China Moon" (Tome 68), "24 Hours Under the Influence" (Tome 70). In 2008, a new collection was launched by Le Lombard, namedIntegrale Michel Vaillant.This series plans to reprint all past adventures in 20 volumes of 200 pages, each volume grouping several stories. All the titles of the original series are to be reprinted, and many comments, dossiers and unpublished strips added.

Jean Graton later left the writing to his son Philippe,[7]gradually leaving the artwork to theStudio Graton,which he established. Since Graton stopped drawing the series himself, the graphic style has evolved, with Philippe Graton continuing with the writing and three artists providing the artwork. Philippe Graton admitted that the draftsmanship isn't as rigorous as it once was.[8]

Series overview

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Vaillanteis a family-run French business which, in the beginning, was atransportingcompany. They also create their owntrucksand cars and so decide to enterFormula Oneracing competition. In 1939, Henri Vaillant, a young driver, creates this new team. In the next seventy plus adventures, Michel Vaillant and the Vaillanterace teamcompete in numerous races in Formula One and other driving competitions such asIndyCar,rallyingorendurochallenges.

Michel, Henri's son, is the main driver, his usual team-mate being the American, Steve Warson. The team is first managed by Henri Vaillant, then by Michel's older brother Jean-Pierre. Henri has remained the chairman of the Vaillante firm, but was replaced by Jean-Pierre when he retired.

As the Vaillante firm grows, Vaillante's drivers, among them Michel, accumulate victories, but their success is either disrupted by rivals, by internal problems in the Vaillante team or by the "Leader", the greatest of Vaillante's enemies. Most of the adventures deal with motor racing life, but they also deal with the Vaillante team drivers' private lives, with concerns in the Vaillante firm and with various outside problems.

Realism

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A Vaillante F1, designed by Michel Vaillant, as drawn by Jean Graton on the back cover of the most recent albums

The comic is notable for depictingreal-life motor racingbackground,[9]featuring manyreal-life drivers,teamsand personalities. Michel Vaillant competes in existingmotor racesandGrand Prixonreal-life circuits.In the course of the series, the background in which the characters are featured evolves: the series' environment has always been updated, so that cars, teams and personalities have constantly changed.[10]

Graton's graphic style also aims at being realistic, as the illustrations are very technically accurate. Notably, Graton is recognized for the meticulousdetailshe provides oncarsillustrations.[11]The numerous depictions of cars and circuits featured in the series are very specific and detailed; Graton used to personally attend races and circuits to take notes. Philippe Graton later continued this practice.[12]

Michel Vaillant's name is very similar to that of the birth name of automotive pioneerKarl Benz,which wasKarl Friedrich Michael Vaillant.

Realism is also expressed in the fictional background. Vaillant's factories and property are prominently featured in the series. The Vaillante firm is run as a real company, it has financial problems, must launchadvertisingcampaigns and search forsponsors.It owns factories, which employs severalengineersandmechanicsthat are realistically described and is shown employing several real-life drivers.

The Vaillants own the familial domain "La Jonquière", located a short drive / cycle ride from the factory, and is home throughout the series to Henri and Elisabeth Vaillant. Michel and Jean Pierre lived there in the early books, before striking out on their own.

As the context in which the characters evolved, Michel also is shown getting older. While he looked like a young man of about twenty years at the beginning of his adventures, he is seen progressively reaching middle-age. Recently his appearance is younger than previously. Other fictional characters are also shown getting older. In recent years, their general appearance has become steady. In spite of this he is still depicted as quite young for a man who has competed against drivers of multiple generations, includingJuan Manuel Fangio,Graham HillandAyrton Senna.

Characters

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Michel Vaillantis the main character of the series. Michel Vaillant is a complete driver and sportsman. His main occupation is to drive in theFormula 1 Championship.Michel is namedworld championin four different albums. He also twice won theIndianapolis 500and the24 Hours of Le Mansfour times. He also competed in rally races, winning the EastAfrican Safariand theParis-Dakar.He participated in severalstock-car,F2,F3andGTraces.

He is also able to drivetrucksandmotorcycles,and practicefootball,gymnastics,tennis,judoandskiingvery well. As a kind, serious, helpful, attentive, honest and generous man, Michel is very popular.[13]His many abilities, his courage and his values, his kindness and his physical appearance make him a practically perfect hero, without any flaws.[14]

Françoise Vaillantis Michel's wife. She first appeared in 1963, as a teenager. At that time, she was a journalist for a newspaper owned by her father Louis Latour, a good friend of Henri Vaillant. In 1966, she appeared again, but as an older, attractive young woman. From that time on, she appeared in every album of the series and saw Vaillant more and more, until his family urged him to marry her. They married in 1974. Françoise has an important role in the series, and in some adventures she is the main character.

Jean-Pierre Vaillantis Michel's older brother by six years. Like Michel, he started as a driver for the Vaillante team. He married Agnès de Chanzy, the daughter of Henri Vaillant's friend living in Argentina, in the very first album. But rapidly, he became more and more interested in managing the family team and to elaborate strategies forFormula One racing.He soon became the leader of the Vaillante society, replacing his father. Able to make difficult decisions, he also does not hesitate to launch ambitious projects. He has a son, Jean-Michel Vaillant, who is Michel'sgodson.

Steve Warsonis an American driver and Michel's best friend. He first appeared in the series in 1957. Steve has a different personality than Michel: he smokes, drinks, flirts, fights, and defies other drivers. Despite his several flaws, he is a good driver for the Vaillante team and a faithful teammate to Michel, even if his romantic adventures sometimes caused him to be Vaillante's occasional rival. His numerous girlfriends have included Ruth andJulie Wood.As good driver as Michel, he outdoes him in most rallying and American races.

The "Leader"is a mysterious character who is the worst enemy of Vaillante and owner of the Leader team. The Leader team uses modern and advanced technology to compete against the Vaillante team in motor races. The team resorts to aggressive strategies to win races and uses dangerous drivers, such as Vince Hummer, Bob Cramer, Dan Hawkins, Donald Payntor, Michael Borman, and Jack Moore. The leader was brought up by Buddhist monks. An ambitious and cruel man, he studied a form of Buddhism that gives him amazing powers, which he uses to try to dominate the motor industry. His first appearance was in the album "Mach 1 pour Steve Warson".

RuthaliasJo Barettis the Leader's daughter and was briefly Steve Warson's girlfriend. Before knowing her real origin, Ruth was a kind girl and friendly towards the Vaillante team. She became cruel and mean, taking over as the new Leader at her father's death, and tried to avenge him by fighting against his enemies.

Henri Vaillantis Michel and Jean-Pierre's father. He began as amechanic,then became a driver, created his own team and then became chairman of Vaillante. Rather authoritarian, he gave his two children a strict education. Later, he let his son Jean-Pierre take over as the leader and retired. His way of life remains modest, as chairman he went to work on abicycle.A respectable man, close to hisemployees,he is very appreciated by them.

Elisabeth Vaillantis Henri Vaillant's wife. She married him when he was a simple mechanic, but does not know anything about cars,motor racing,or mechanics.

Julie Woodis an Americanmotorcycleracer and at one time Steve Warson's girlfriend. An orphan, she was brought up by her uncle Chris, inCalifornia,with her two brothers, Indy and Phil. She is at ease in any kind ofmotorcycle race.Before her appearance in the Michel Vaillant series (in the album "Paris-Dakar" ), she starred in her own series,Julie Wood,which ran for eight volumes, from 1976 to 1980.

Yves Douleacis a driver for the Vaillante team. He lost his father, a truck driver for Vaillante atMarseilles,at 7. He was brought up by his mother and he was very admirative of Michel Vaillant, getting to know him personally and being employed as a driver. Courageous and proud, he later fell in love with Gabriele Spangenberg, and succeeded in marrying her despite his modest origin.

Gabriele Spangenbergis a German female driver for the Vaillante team and Yves Douléac's girlfriend. Her father, of noble heritage, first opposed such a union, due to Yves's poor origin, but later gave his permission, in the face of Gabriele's determination.

Bob Crameris an American driver, Vaillante's enemy and a driver for the Leader team along with his friend and partner Dan Hawkins. A drunkard and a brawler, he is also aggressive in motor races where he caused a lot of crashes.

Non-fictional characters
As a driver evolving in the motor racing background, Michel Vaillant competes with many existing drivers, some of whom play an important part in the stories.Pierre Dieudonnéappeared in some adventures as a driver for the Vaillante team. Drivers, most notably French and Belgians likeVaninaandJacky Ickx,François Cevert,Patrick Tambay,Thierry Boutsen,René Arnoux,Jean-Pierre BeltoiseandÉric Bernard,have made appearances in the storylines.

Gilles VilleneuveandJacky Ickxare portrayed as good friends of Michel's as isDidier Pironi,and are the most recurring drivers of the series.Didier Pironiplayed an important part in the album: Un pilote a disparu (1980). Non-fictional team managers and journalists also appear regularly, as do some statesmen and celebrities. Michel himself is often seen being interviewed by real-life journalistGérard "Jabby" Crombac.

Publications

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  • Volume 1:Le Grand défi(1959)
  • Volume 2:Le Pilote sans visage(1960)
  • Volume 3:Le Circuit de la peur(1961)
  • Volume 4:Route de nuit(1962)
  • Volume 5:Le 13 est au départ(1963)
  • Volume 6:La Trahison de Steve Warson(1964)
  • Volume 7:Les Casse-cou(1964)
  • Volume 8:Le 8e pilote(1965)
  • Volume 9:Le Retour de Steve Warson(1965)
  • Volume 10:L'Honneur du Samouraï(1966)
  • Volume 11:Suspense à Indianapolis(1966)
  • Volume 12:Les Chevaliers de Königsfeld(1967)
  • Volume 13:Concerto pour pilotes(1968)
  • Volume 14:Mach 1 pour Steve Warson(1968)
  • Volume 15:Le Cirque infernal(1969)
  • Volume 16:Km. 357(1969)
  • Volume 17:Le Fantôme des 24 heures(1970)
  • Volume 18:De l'huile sur la piste!(1970)
  • Volume 19:5 filles dans la course!(1971)
  • Volume 20:Rodéo sur 2 roues(1971)
  • Volume 21:Massacre pour un moteur!(1972)
  • Volume 22:Rush(1972)
  • Volume 23:Série noire(1973)
  • Volume 24:Cauchemar(1973)
  • Volume 25:Des filles et des moteurs(1974)
  • Volume 26:Champion du monde(1974)
  • Volume 27:Dans l'enfer du safari(1975)
  • Volume 28:Le Secret de Steve Warson(1975)
  • Volume 29:San Francisco Circus(1976)
  • Volume 30:Les Jeunes Loups(1977)
  • Volume 31:La Révolte des rois(1978)
  • Volume 32:Le Prince blanc(1978)
  • Volume 33:La Silhouette en colère(1979)
  • Volume 34:KO pour Steve Warson(1979)
  • Volume 35:Le Galérien(1980)
  • Volume 36:Un pilote a disparu(1980)
  • Volume 37:L'Inconnu des 1000 pistes(1980)
  • Volume 38:Steve Warson contre Michel Vaillant(1981)
  • Volume 39:Rallye sur un volcan(1981)
  • Volume 40:Rififi en F1(1982)
  • Volume 41:Paris-Dakar(1982)
  • Volume 42:300 à l'heure dans Paris(1983)
  • Volume 43:Rendez-vous à Macao(1983)
  • Volume 44:Steve et Julie(1984)
  • Volume 45:L'Homme de Lisbonne(1984)
  • Volume 46:Racing show(1985)
  • Volume 47:Panique à Monaco(1986)
  • Volume 48:Irish coffee(1986)
  • Volume 49:Catégorie poids lourds(1987)
  • Volume 50:Le Défi des remparts(1988)
  • Volume 51:Le Caïd de Francorchamps(1989)
  • Volume 52:F3000(1989)
  • Volume 53:La Nuit de Carnac(1990)
  • Volume 54:L'Affaire Bugatti(1991)
  • Volume 55:Une histoire de fous(1992)
  • Volume 56:Le Maître du monde(1993)
  • Volume 57:La Piste de jade(1994)
  • Volume 58:Paddock(1995)
  • Volume 59:La Prisonnière(1997)
  • Volume 60:Victoires oubliées(1997)
  • Volume 61:La Fièvre de Bercy(1998)
  • Volume 62:Le $pon$or(1999)
  • Volume 63:Cairo(2000)
  • Volume 64:Opération Mirage(2001)
  • Volume 65:L'Épreuve(2003)
  • Volume 66:100.000.000$ pour Steve Warson(2004)
  • Volume 67:Pour David(2005)
  • Volume 68:China Moon(2006)
  • Volume 69:Hors-piste en enfer(2006)
  • Volume 70:24 hours under the influence(2007)

New series

  • Volume 1:In the name of the Son(2012)
  • Volume 2:Charge(2013)
  • Volume 3:Beyond Control(2014)
  • Volume 4:Collapse(2015)
  • Volume 5:Renaissance(2016)
  • Volume 6:Rebellion(2017)
  • Volume 7:Macau(2018)
  • Volume 8:13 Days(2019)
  • Volume 9:Duels(2020)
  • Volume 10:Pikes Peak(2021)
  • Volume 11:Cannonball(2022)
  • Volume 12:Target(2023)
  • Volume 13:Redemption(2024)

In 1986, the albumIrish coffeewas awarded theAvoriazFestival's Grand Prix (Morzine,France).

In other media

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In 1967, French TV broadcast a live-action adaptation of the series,Les Aventures de Michel Vaillant.It ran for 13 episodes and featured stories written and filmed around a real-life world sportscar championship, documenting Henri Grandsire driving anAlpine A110,interspersed with dramatic interludes acted by Grandsire himself. Episodes offer rare close-up contemporary footage of races and cars that year at the Rallye Du Nord,Magny Cours,Nürburgring,Monza,Targa Florio,Le Mans,Monaco,Rouen-Les-Essarts,SebringandReims.

The series was also adapted into aMichel Vaillantanimated series. 65 episodes of 26 minutes were produced in 1990 in France byla Cinq.It was released in the U.S. in 1991-1992 asHeroes on Hot Wheels,produced byJetlag Productionsand theformer Family Channel,sponsored byMattel'sHot Wheelsfranchise (hence the title) and distributed by France 3 Video and Pacific Media Ventures.[15]Michel's name was anglicized to "Michael Valiant". It was broadcast again in France in 1993 and 1998 byFrance 2,and sold in more than 30 countries.

AMichel Vaillant filmwas made in 2003, and thesoundtrack to the moviecomposed by the bandArchivewas released at the same time.

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A Dutch poster celebrating the 50th anniversary of the series in 2007

The series has been influential in the world ofauto racing.Some famousFormula One drivershave admitted that their passion for automobile racing originated from reading theMichel Vaillantcomics series,[16]among them four- timeFormula One championAlain Prost.[17]In 1969,Henry Ford IIandEnzo Ferraripersonally wished Michel Vaillant a happy 20th birthday.[18]Thecircuit Zolder,in Belgium, in which several well-knownmotorsport racestake place, have paid tribute to the series, naming the biggest building of the circuit "Michel Vaillant club".[19]

Many real cars were adapted from automobile designs from the series. Cars bearing the logo Vaillante ran inLe Mansin 1997 and 2003: ACouragein 1997, while in 2003, Vaillante cars have been designed to be used in theLuc Besson's movie.[20]Some fans have built a real Vaillante Grand Defi, a model which appeared several times in the comics series. The car has participated in real races, under the brand Vaillante.[21]A model was marketed in Belgium, theHonda Civic Vaillante,of which 50 models have been produced.[22]Automobile designerLuc Donckerwolke(current designer ofLamborghini,previously ofSEAT) has drawn his inspiration from cars drawn by Jean Graton to design some real car models.[23]He also designed theSEAT Ibiza Vaillante,exhibited at theGeneva Motor Showin 2006.[24]It was also Luc Donckerwolke who transformed aLola B98/10–Juddinto a Vaillante and aPanoz LMP-1 Roadster-Sinto a Leader car in 2003 for the Besson movie.[25]Donckerwolke also collaborated withStudio Gratonon the latest titles of the series, drawing some cars featured in the albums.[26]

Many commercial products have been derived from the series,[27]among them figurines, collected by automobile fans as well as comics fans.[28]There's also a video game featuring Michel Vaillant[29]which has ranked first in the auto racing video games inBenelux,[30]and has been the top download on commercial websites.[31]

Alain Menu's Vaillant color Chevrolet Cruze 1.6T

In June 2012, Swiss racing driverAlain Menucompeted in theWorld Touring Car ChampionshipRace of Portugalwith a Vaillante-themed livery.[32]Menu won the second feature race of the event (round 14) under the name M. Vaillant, even dying his hair and shaving his beard to resemble the look of the character.

In 2017Rebellion Racingentered the2017 FIA World Endurance Championship,including the24 Hours of Le Mansas "Vaillant Rebellion" using Vaillant colours on cars #13 and #31.

Reception

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The series is very popular among fans of automobiles, because it features real-life cars, including renowned and prestigious models. The series have fans throughout several countries, though it has not translated into other languages except for English,Dutch,German,Danish,Norwegian(with Michel Vaillant renamed Mark Breton in the two latter),Portuguese,Serbian,Croatian,FinnishandItalian.It has above all fans in France and Belgium, including Dutch-speaking Belgium, given thatMichel Vaillantalbums have been translated into Dutch.[citation needed]

The series has received various tributes as a masterpiece of thebande dessinéegenre. A stamp representing Michel Vaillant was published in Belgium,[33]a rare privilege granted only to the greatest comics series'. It was made available from January 1, 2007 with a face value of 0.50 euros, in allBelgian post offices.[34]Celebrations for the 50th anniversary of the series took place in 2007, among themStrip Turnhout,at the bi-annual official Flanders comics festival, organizing a retrospective exhibition.[35]

The series also ranks high on the collector's market, with original editions ranking among the most valuable. Graton's original art pages have fetched high prices at auctions. In January 2006, apagefrom "Le 13 est au départ" was sold for 4,800 euros at an auction in Paris. In April 2006, in Paris again, an original page from "L'Honneur du Samourai" was auctioned for 12,384 euros (whereas its original value was 3,500 euros), breaking the record of the time.[36]In 2008, an original page from "De l'huile sur la piste" was sold for 11,520 euros at auction in 2008 atBrusselsamong other works previously published byTintinmagazine, establishing the record sale of that day.[37]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Ruëll, Niels (December 1, 2005)."Studio Graton: de strijd van een kleine uitgever"(in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Brusselnieuws. Archived fromthe originalon August 4, 2009.
  2. ^"Michel Vaillant dans le journal Tintin édition française".Bdoubliées(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2008-10-13.Retrieved2008-10-10.
  3. ^"Michel Vaillant dans le journal Tintin édition belge".Bdoubliées(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 2008-10-11.Retrieved2008-10-10.
  4. ^"Jean Graton".BD Paradisio.On estime à 17 millions le nombre d'albums vendus dans le monde depuis 1959
  5. ^"Michel Vaillant -" Série "".Bdtheque(in French).
  6. ^"Books in English".michelvaillant.Archived fromthe originalon 2008-11-09.
  7. ^"Graton, Philippe".Bedetheque.En 1994, Philippe reprend l'écriture des scénarii de Michel Vaillant
  8. ^"Philippe Graton:" Notre studio respecte le style Graton tout en le faisant évoluer "".ActuaBD.17 June 2008.On perd donc une certaine spontanéité et nous n'avons pas la même rigueur
  9. ^"Vaillante".cartype (a museum of automobile typography).The realistic drawings constitute an exceptional encyclopaedia of 50 years of motor racing
  10. ^La Marque BD "Sport-Auto dans Michel Vaillant"Rétrospective des aventure F1 de Michel Vaillant"
  11. ^Saturday Morning CartoonsMichel Vaillant
  12. ^"Michel Vaillant affronte les Audi aux 24H du Mans".Webcarnews.Pour être le plus réaliste possible, la collaboration avec Vanina Ickx (fille de Jacky et pilote chez Audi) mais aussi avec Luc Donckerwolke, un designer automobile, donne à cet opus un véritable goût d'asphalte.
  13. ^"A coeur Vaillant... - Michel Vaillant, l'Intégrale".Le Nouvel Observateur.Lorsqu'il discute moteur (...), Michel parle en réalité de la Vie, avec un grand V. Celle qui exige force de caractère et droiture. D'ailleurs les femmes qui le côtoient dans ses aventures lui reconnaissent tour à tour les qualités du gendre idéal, du fiston rêvé et du petit-fils parfait.[permanent dead link‍]
  14. ^"Michel Vaillant: Bringing a cartoon strip to the screen"(PDF).InCamera.Kodak. April 2003.The character of Michel Vaillant is an ideal mixture of all the characteristics they like to see in a popular hero!
  15. ^Perlmutter, David (2018).The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows.Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 288–290.ISBN978-1538103739.
  16. ^"Jean Graton"(in French).Quelques grands pilotes actuels avouent devoir leur passion à Michel Vaillant.
  17. ^"Michelvaillant".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-11-09.Michel Vaillant has revealed the world of motor racing of all ages. Some even admit they passion began with Michel Vaillant books. These include Alain Prost, five times world champion or Luc Donckerwolke, the most renowned automobile of his generation.
  18. ^"Vaillante".Cartype (a museum of automobile typography).This imaginary hero [is] recognised by the world of racing (Henry Ford IIandEnzo Ferraripersonally wished him a happy 20th birthday)
  19. ^"VIP Lounges - Michel Vaillant club".Circuit Zolder.Archived fromthe originalon 2009-08-01.
  20. ^"Michel Vaillant affronte les Audi aux 24H du Mans".Webcarnews(in French).De véritables Vaillante avaient pris le départ en 1997 et en 2003.
  21. ^La bande dessinée et l'automobile: Partie 5, quand l'automobile s’inspire de la B.D... et inversement.leblogauto
  22. ^leblogautoGenève 2006: Seat Ibiza Vaillante
  23. ^"Luc Donckerwolke, génération BD".Le Figaro(in French). 23 May 2008.
  24. ^"A Vaillante signed Donckerwolke".michelvaillant.Archived fromthe original(high definition images, a 3D movie and a movie in English to be downloaded)on 2009-08-03.
  25. ^"La Seat Ibiza version BD".Tout en BD(in French).A l'occasion du Salon de l'auto de Genève, la marque espagnole présente un concept car inspiré de Michel Vaillant: la Seat Ibiza Vaillante.
  26. ^Franz-Peter Hudek."Culture: comic and design"(PDF).Audi 2006 annual report.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 15 June 2011.
  27. ^La marque BD "Sport-Auto dans Michel Vaillant"Produits dérivés
  28. ^Official website"Les objets"
  29. ^gamespotMichel Vaillant"Michel Vaillant is a mobile racing game featuring Michel Vaillant."
  30. ^Official websiteArchived2008-11-09 at theWayback MachineMobile games: Vaillant takes the lead
  31. ^themobilegamesMichel Vaillant Racing
  32. ^"Chevrolet unveils one-off WTCC livery that Alain Menu will use at the Algarve circuit".Autosport.Haymarket Publications.28 May 2012.Retrieved3 June2012.
  33. ^"How to make a maximum card?".belgianmaximaphiles.be.Archived fromthe originalon 2009-01-30.Retrieved2008-10-10.
  34. ^Official websiteArchived2008-11-09 at theWayback MachineA stamp for Michel Vaillant.The stamp panel can be seenhereArchived2009-08-04 at theWayback Machine.
  35. ^"Michel Vaillant at 50".forbiddenplanet.co.uk.Archived fromthe originalon 2012-07-08.Strip Turnhout, the bi-annual official Flanders comics festival, wanted to honour Michel Vaillant and his creator by organising a retrospective exhibition to mark this anniversary. The show, which tells the story of the comic, but also of car racing in general, debuts on December 15, together with this year's edition of the festival.
  36. ^Official websiteArchived2008-11-09 at theWayback MachineAuctionandRecord sale in Paris.The two panels can be seenhereArchived2009-08-04 at theWayback MachineandhereArchived2009-08-04 at theWayback Machineand here.
  37. ^"11.520 euros la planche de Michel Vaillant".Tout en BD.Une planche à l'encre de Chine de l'épisodeDe l'huile sur la pistea créé la surprise lors d'une vente publique à Bruxelles.
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