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ViscountMishima Michitsune(Tam đảo thông dung,26 June 1835 – 23 October 1888)was a Japanese samurai of theSatsuma Domainduring theLate Tokugawa shogunate.After theMeiji Restorationhe served in theHome Ministryas abureaucratandviscount.He is also commonly known asYaheiorYahée( di binh vệYahee).
His second daughter Mineko was married toŌkubo Toshimichi's second sonMakino Nobuaki.He had two sons, his first sonYatarō Mishimawas an eighth-generation custodian of theBank of Japan,while his second sonYahiko Mishimawas atrack and field athletewho competed in the1912 Summer Olympics.His grandsonMichiharu Mishimaserved as the fourth Chief Scout of theScout Association of Japan.
Ordinance of Yamagata
editIn 1874, Mishima became the Ordinance ofSakata Prefecture.The focus of this new post soon turned to countermeasures aimed at an agrarian-sector demonstration known as theWappa Rebellion.This was a peasant protest opposed to a failure on the part of the ordinance and government officials, who had come from being lords and vassals during the feudal era, to uphold a central edict and thereby imposing labour and taxes identical to those of the previous period. Mishima thus embarked on a full-scale reshuffling of all clerks and officials whilst simultaneously dealing with pressure from the agrarian sector. That following year the protests had been settled through the courts with the money returned to the farmers.
In August 1875, Sakata Prefecture becameUruoka Prefecture;the following year it becameYamagata Prefecturethrough the merging ofOkitama(also Oitama) and Yamagata prefectures. Accordingly, Mishima became Ordinance of both Uruoka and Yamagata prefectures. Mishima's central policy for Yamagata was the maintenance of roads and bridges and the building of public facilities.
During theEdo period,the Yamagata region formed a strong bond withOsaka,even more so than withEdo,due to shipping routes via theSea of JapanandMogami River.However, when land-based transportation was emphasised as an objective of theMeiji eragovernment, traffic control on land routes were progressed so as to form ties withTokyo.Firstly, allowance was made for theKuriko HighwaybetweenYonezawaandFukushima,which was completed in 1880. Then, in 1882 theSekiyama HighwaybetweenYamagataandSendaiwas completed. Both these routes were constructed to allow for vehicles (or, in those days, horse-carriages).
Pressures faced in the public eye
editIn 1884, while he was serving as Governor ofTochigi,[1]members of theLiberal Partyplotted for Mishima's assassination in what became known as theMount Kaban Incident.Even despite this there is still speculation as to whether any pressure from Mishima somehow proved to be an obstacle to anyFreedom and People's Rights Movements[citation needed].
On December 25, 1887, Mishima asSuperintendent Generalbrought to execution theRegulations for the Preservation of Law and Orderdeclared publicly by imperial edict, which aimed to remove so-called "dangerous characters" from the imperial circles and opposed Freedom and People's Rights Movements such as the ( tam đại sự kiện nêu lên vận động Sandai Jiken Kempaku Undō) and theUnited Front Movement.He was also theSuperintendent General of the Metropolitan Policewho brought to execution thePublic Order & Police Law of 1900,the predecessor to thePeace Preservation Law of 1925.
It is speculated that with ChancellorItō Hirobumi's opposition to the Regulations for the Preservation of Law and Order andHome MinisterYamagata Aritomo's passive nature at this time, it was Mishima who actively promoted the Regulations for the Preservation of Law and Order. Resultant targets were figures such asOzaki Yukio,Kataoka Kenkichi,Nakae ChōminandHoshi Tōru.
Personal achievements
editMishima also displayed his enthusiasm for district developments outside the public office through the Chōkōsha firm inNasunogahara,Tochigi (known today as Mishima Farms). He recruited his son Yatarō Mishima as managing director and fourteen of his closest subordinates to join the firm as shareholders, ensuring that land cultivation in the area would not succumb tomonopolization.
References
edit- ^Strong, Kenneth (2005).Ox Against the Storm: A Biography of Tanaka Shozo: Japans Conservationist Pioneer.Taylor & Francis. p. 35.ISBN9781135318949.