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Vnukovo International Airport

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Vnukovo,formallyVnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport(named afterAndrei Tupolev) (Russian:Внуково,IPA:[ˈvnukəvə]) (IATA:VKO,ICAO:UUWW), is a dual-runwayinternational airportlocated inVnukovo District,28 km (17 mi) southwest of the centre ofMoscow,Russia.It is one of the four major airports that serve Moscow, along withDomodedovo,Sheremetyevo,andZhukovsky.

Vnukovo International Airport

Международный аэропорт Внуково
Summary
Airport typePublic
OperatorJSC "Vnukovo Airport"
ServesMoscow metropolitan area
LocationMoscow
Hubfor
ElevationAMSL209 m / 686 ft
Coordinates55°35′46″N37°16′03″E/ 55.59611°N 37.26750°E/55.59611; 37.26750
Websitevnukovo.ru
Map
VKO is located in Moscow Oblast
VKO
VKO
Location of the airport in Moscow Oblast
VKO is located in European Russia
VKO
VKO
Location of the airport in Russia
VKO is located in Europe
VKO
VKO
Location of the airport in Europe
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
06/24 3,500 11,483 Concrete
01/19 3,060 10,039 Concrete
Statistics (2018)
Passengers21,478,486
Aircraft movements163,600
Sources: Russian Federal Air Transport Agency (see also provisional 2018 statistics)[2]

In 2019, the airport handled 24.01 million passengers, representing an increase of 12% compared to the previous year. Vnukovo was theeleventh-busiest airportin Europe in 2021 but had a strong decline in traffic and dropped to 30th place in 2022 as a consequence of sanctions following theRussian invasion of Ukraine.[3]

History

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US PresidentRonald Reaganat Vnukovo in 1988
Old terminal (pictured in 2000)
Apron view
Terminal A

Vnukovo is Moscow's oldest operating airport. It was opened and used for military operations during theSecond World Warbut became a civilian facility after the war.[citation needed]Its construction was approved by the Soviet government in 1937 because the olderKhodynka Aerodrome(located much closer to the city centre, but closed by the 1980s) was becoming overloaded.[citation needed]

Vnukovo was built by several thousand inmates ofLikovlag,aGulagconcentration camp created specifically for this purpose, and opened on 1 July 1941. During theGreat Patriotic War,it was used as a military airbase; passenger services started after the war.[citation needed]

On 15 September 1956, theTupolev Tu-104jetlinermade its first passenger flight from Moscow Vnukovo toIrkutskviaOmsk.[citation needed]

On 4 November 1957, a plane carryingRomanian Workers' Partyofficials, including the most prominent politicians ofCommunist Romania(Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej,Chivu Stoica,Alexandru Moghioroș,Ştefan Voitec,Nicolae Ceauşescu,Leonte Răutu,andGrigore Preoteasa), was involved in an accident at Vnukovo Airport.[citation needed]Preoteasa, who was theminister of foreign affairsat the time, was killed, as was the aircraft's crew. Several others were seriously injured.[citation needed]

The first passenger flights of theIL-18(Moscow toAlma-Ataon 20 April 1956) andTu-114(Moscow toKhabarovskon 24 April 1961) were also made from Vnukovo Airport. In 1980, Vnukovo was expanded because of the22nd Summer Olympic Games.In 1993, Vnukovo Airport became ajoint-stock company.[citation needed]

A massive reconstruction and strategic development programme commenced at Vnukovo International in late 2003, following the transfer by the federal government of the controlling stake in the airport to thegovernment of Moscow.[citation needed]

As part of the Airport Strategic Development Plan, these projects were completed between 2003 and 2005:[citation needed]

  • April 2004: New Terminal B was opened. The terminal currently handles international passengers, but in the future, it will be converted to handledomestic flightsor to fulfill any other dedicated functions to be determined at a later date. The terminal's total floor space offering stands at 80,000 m2(861,113 sq ft)), allowing for an annual passenger throughput capacity of four million.
  • August 2005: Vnukovo's express rail link toKiyevsky Rail Terminalwas opened.
  • December 2010: New Terminal A was opened.
  • Summer 2016: All flights served by Terminal B were transferred into Terminal A, and Terminal B was closed.

Vnukovo is Europe's busiest airport for international flights by larger private planes.[4]

Location and capacity

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Of the three Moscow airports, Vnukovo is the highest (204 m (669 ft 3 in) above sea level), so in case of fog, it has frequently served as an alternative airport.[5]

The airfield has two intersecting runways of 3,500 m (11,482 ft 11 in) and 3,060 m (10,039 ft 4 in) in length. Each runway is 60 m (196 ft 10 in) wide, with 10 m (32 ft 10 in)-wide safety shoulders on each side. The joint runway capacity is 60 aircraft movements per hour. Runway 24 is mostly used for departures, while Runway 01 is for landings.[citation needed]

The airport has two passenger terminals (Terminal A and Terminal B), one general aviation terminal (for charter and business flights), one cargo terminal, and 60 aircraft stands.

The airport can handle a maximum of 10,100 passengers per hour,[6]and 4,000 people are employed there. In 2013, the airport handled almost 11.18 million passengers, representing a 15.3% increase compared to 2012.[7]In February 2014 the airport handled 722,500 passengers, an increase of 23.8% compared to February 2013, partly attributed to expansion byUtair.[8]

Vnukovo Airport is equipped with a VIP hall, which is used by many political leaders and important people visiting Russia. The Russian President also uses Vnukovo's VIP facility. TheTupolevairliner rework facility is located at the edge of the airport, and major overhaul and modification programmes are carried out in several large aircraft hangars.[citation needed]On the northern perimeter of the airport, the government VIP transport wing is located, operating head-of-state flights for high-ranking government officials. Thus, the airport is occasionally closed for regular flights when VIP flights arrive or depart.[citation needed]

Further expansion

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The prospective development programme was intended to last until 2015,[needs update]and was aimed at transforming Vnukovo International into a highly competitive air transportation hub of international significance – one that would offer a comprehensive range of quality services to both its passengers and its tenant carriers.

A new international passenger Terminal A will have a total floor space of 250,000 m2(2,700,000 sq ft) and passenger throughput capacity of 7,800 passengers per hour, making a total capacity of 18–20 million passengers annually.[9]This will open up many opportunities for the tenant airlines to expand and improve the quality of their customer service at the airport, and ensure the introduction of international-quality service and comfort overall. The sprawling terminal building will be located on the site of the existing domestic passenger terminal, and will also serve as a springboard for the subsequent development of the entire adjacent landside area both next to the terminal and further out towards Vnukovo Settlement. The oldest of the Vnukovo passenger terminals, dating back to 1941, will be demolished by the time construction of the new one goes ahead (it was started to be dismantled in November 2005). The existing domestic Terminal 2, built in the late 1970s, will continue in operation until its eventual demolition during the final phase of construction and replacement with the new terminal.

The expansion plans include lengthening one of the two V-configured runways (3,500 m (11,482 ft 11 in) and 3,060 m (10,039 ft 4 in) long) to 3,800 m (12,467 ft 2 in) and upgrading theinstrument landing systemfrom the present CAT II to CAT III. The existing taxiways are to be extended as part of the expansion and new ones will also be built, along with a brand new control tower, an extension to the cargo terminal, and a multistory car park.

Terminals

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Terminal A is the only terminal used both for domestic and international flights. Terminals B and D are out of service as of October 2017.

Airlines and destinations

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AirlinesDestinations
Aero Nomad AirlinesBishkek,[10]Osh[11]
AJetAnkara
ALROSAMirny,Novosibirsk,Saint Petersburg
Azerbaijan AirlinesBaku,Ganja
AzimuthBatumi,[12]Kutaisi,[13]Pskov,Saint Petersburg,Tbilisi,[12]Termez,Yerevan
Azur Air[14][15]Seasonal charter:Colombo–Bandaranaike,[16]Goa-Dabolim,Hurghada,Malé,Pattaya,[16]Phuket,[16]Sharm El Sheikh
BelaviaHomiel,[17]Minsk[18][19]
Conviasa[20]Caracas,[21]Havana,[22]Porlamar[23]
flydubaiDubai–International
FlyOne ArmeniaYerevan[24]
GazpromaviaBovanenkovo,Nadym,Novy Urengoy,Tyumen,Ufa,Ukhta,Yamburg
Georgian AirwaysTbilisi[25]
I-Fly[26]Sochi
Seasonal:Kaliningrad
Iraqi AirwaysBaghdad
Nesma AirlinesHurghada[27]
Pegasus AirlinesAntalya,Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen,İzmir
PobedaAbu Dhabi,[28]Alanya-Gazipaşa,Antalya,Chelyabinsk,Dubai–International,Gyumri,Istanbul,[29]Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen,Kaliningrad,Makhachkala,Mineralnye Vody,Novosibirsk,Osh,[30]Perm,Saint Petersburg,Samara,Samarqand,[31]Saratov,Sochi,Tashkent,[32]Tyumen,Ufa,Ulyanovsk–Baratayevka,Yekaterinburg
Rossiya AirlinesSaint Petersburg
RusLineTambov,Yaroslavl,[33]Yoshkar-Ola(suspended)[34]
SCAT AirlinesAlmaty,Astana,[35]Şymkent
Shirak AviaYerevan[36]
Somon AirDushanbe
Syrian AirDamascus
Turkish AirlinesIstanbul
UtairBaku,Bukhara,Dubai–Al Maktoum,[37]Dushanbe,Fergana,Ganja,Grozny,Khanty-Mansiysk,Kogalym,Krasnoyarsk–International,Makhachkala,Mineralnye Vody,Nakhchivan,Naryan-Mar,Noyabrsk,Saint Petersburg,Samara,Samarqand,Sochi,Surgut,Syktyvkar,Tashkent,Tyumen,Ufa,Ukhta,Usinsk,Vladikavkaz,[38]Yerevan
UVT AeroBugulma,[39]Kazan,Novosibirsk,Tobolsk[39]
Uzbekistan AirwaysBukhara,Fergana,Namangan,Navoiy,Nukus,Qarshi,Samarqand,Tashkent,Termez,Urgench[40]
Vologda Aviation EnterpriseVologda
Yakutia AirlinesMineralnye Vody,[41]Neryungri,Sochi,Yakutsk

Statistics

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Annual traffic

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Annual passenger traffic at VKO airport. SeeWikidata query.
Annual Passenger Traffic[42]
Year Passengers % Change
2010 09,460,292
2011 08,197,162 13.4%
2012 09,699,452 18.3%
2013 11,175,142 15.2%
2014 12,733,118 14.0%
2015 15,815,129 24.2%
2016 13,946,688 11.8%
2017 18,139,000 30.1%
2018 21,478,000 18.4%
2019 24,001,521 14.4%
2020 12,565,241 47.4%
2021 17,999,084 43.2%
2022 16,400,000 08.9%
2023 14,500,000 11.6%

Ground transportation

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Rail

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A double-deckAeroexpressESh2,at Vnukovo Airport train station

Before 31 July 2024Aeroexpressdirect line was connecting Vnukovo Airport andKiyevsky Rail Terminalin Moscow city centre (operations launched in August 2005). Since 1 August 2024 railway line is only served byCentral Suburban Passenger Company.[43]

Bus

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Moscow city can be reached by the municipalMosgortransbus lines: 611 - reaches two consecutive stations (TroparyovoandYugo-Zapadnaya) ofMoscow MetroSokolnicheskaya Line,611k (Russian:611к) reaches only the nearestSalaryevostation ofMoscow MetroSokolnicheskaya Line,but avoids the often congested crossing withMKADroad; nearbyRumyantsevostation is only easily accessible on the way to the airport, not away from it. The fare is 50rubles(as of September, 2016; eq. to 0.77 US$), travel time 20-35 min. by schedule.
Privatemarshrutkaline 45 also serves this direction. One-way journey costs 150rubles(as of February 2016; eq. to 2 US$). Due to heavy traffic in Moscow, journey takes 15 minutes to 1 hour.

Taxi

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Several taxi services to Moscow city and suburbs are available at the airport.Uber,Gett,Yandex.Taxiand localtransportation network companiesoffer flat rate trips to anywhere in Moscow.

Metro

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The project of the Vnukovo Metro Station, that was opened in 2023

Since 6 September 2023 Airport is served by"Aeroport Vnukovo" Metro station,terminus ofMoscow MetroLine 8a (Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya Line).

Other facilities

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PreviouslyVnukovo Airlineshad its head office at the airport.[44]

Ownership

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The airport is co-owned by the Russian state and Russian businessman Vitaly Vantsev and his partners. In March 2018,Qatar Airwaysannounced plans to buy a 25 percent stake in Vnukovo Airport.[45]

Accidents and incidents

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  • On 21 December 1943, aLisunov Li-2crashed while on a training flight due to a defect in the left rear fuel tank.[46]
  • On 4 March 1944,Douglas C-47Acrashed into a Bell P-39Q Airacobra on the ground while attempting to execute a go-around.[47]
  • On 5 November 1946,Douglas C-47Bcrashed after the crew decided to go-around some 300 m (980 ft) past a landing sign. The aircraft was flying low and engine power was sharply increased. The aircraft went into a steep climb, lost speed and crashed 600 m (2,000 ft) from the landing sign.[48]
  • On 5 November 1946, an Aeroflot-LithuaniaLisunov Li-2crashed due to fuel exhaustion after repeated approach attempts while in a holding pattern.[49]
  • On 1 July 1947, an AeroflotIlyushin Il-12crashed after the left engine failed on takeoff, causing a loss of airspeed.[50]
  • On 29 March 1951, an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-12P crashed during which the right propeller struck the top of a radio tower.[51]
  • On 14 June 1957, anIlyushin Il-14Poperating LOT Polish Airlines Flight 232 crashed after the crew did not follow instruction to use an instrument approach.[52]
  • On 4 November 1957, an Ilyushin Il-14P belonging to the Romanian Government crashed on approach in the fog.[53]Grigore Preoteasa,who was theminister of foreign affairsat the time, was killed, as was the aircraft's crew.
  • On 2 September 1959, anIlyushin Il-18Bsuffered significant structural damage, forcing it to make an emergency landing. The aircraft was written off.[54]
  • On 23 October 1959,Aeroflot Flight 200crashed in a forest on approach and was destroyed by fire, killing 28 of the 29 people aboard.[55]
  • On 26 August 1969, an AeroflotIlyushin Il-18Bcrashed after the crew forgot to lower the landing gear, killing 16 passengers.[56]
  • On 10 October 1971,Aeroflot Flight 773crashed shortly after takeoff when an explosive device on board detonated, killing all 25 people aboard.[57]
  • On 3 January 1976,Aeroflot Flight 2003,aTupolev Tu-124,crashed 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of Vnukovo Airport after bothartificial horizonsfailed inIMC.
  • On 17 March 1979,Aeroflot Flight 1691crashed 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) away from the runway while attempting to return to the airport.[58]
  • On 2 June 1980, a Soviet Air ForceAntonov An-22Asuffered an in-flight fire and crashed short of the runway.[59]
  • On 16 January 2010,UtairBoeing 737-500VQ-BAC departed the runway on landing and was substantially damaged when the nosewheel collapsed.[60]
  • On 29 December 2012, aRed Wings TU-204 overran the runway hitting the M3 highway.The aircraft burst into flames and broke into three pieces, withdashcamfootage showing a car being hit by the debris. Five people were killed.[61]
  • On 20 October 2014, aDassault Falcon 50 collided on take-off with a snow plow,killing all four people on board, including the CEO ofTotal S.A.oil and gas companyChristophe de Margerie.
  • In 2021, a young male passenger murdered a female airline staff member at the airport. They were said to have arranged a rendezvous after a flight. He fled and was caught after a few days on the run.[62]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Авиакомпания "РусЛайн" меняет аэропорт базирования в Москве.rusline.aero(in Russian). Airline "RusLine".Retrieved19 March2018.
  2. ^"Объемы перевозок через аэропорты России"[Transportation volumes at Russian airports].favt.ru(in Russian).Federal Air Transport Agency.Retrieved23 October2018.
  3. ^"Airport Insights Report: Top 10 European airports for 2022 and 2023 outlook".CTC - Corporate Travel Community.Retrieved24 June2023.
  4. ^"Advertising to the super-rich: Posters for plutocrats".The Economist.Aug 3, 2013.
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  10. ^"Home".Aero Nomad.
  11. ^"On February 10, the domestic Aero Nomad Airlines operated the first regular flight Osh-Moscow-Osh, thereby increasing the number of regular flights from Osh to Moscow".Aero Nomad Airlines.10 February 2023.Retrieved7 April2023.
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  13. ^Liu, Jim (25 September 2024)."Azimuth late-Sep 2024 Caucasus Network Expansion".AeroRoutes.Retrieved25 September2024.
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  29. ^Liu, Jim."Pobeda increases Istanbul flights form Nov 2020".Routesonline.Retrieved21 October2020.
  30. ^""Победа" открыла продажи на новый международный рейс – в Киргизию ".pobeda.aero(in Russian). Pobeda Airlines LLC, Aeroflot Group.Retrieved4 March2024.
  31. ^""Победа" открыла продажу билетов на новый международный рейс – Москва-Ташкент ".pobeda.aero(in Russian). Pobeda Airlines LLC, Aeroflot Group.Retrieved26 December2023.
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  34. ^ЭШКИНИНА, ВАЛЕРИЯ (1 October 2023)."Взлетная полоса аэропорта Йошкар-Олы закрылась на ремонт".Общественно-политическое сетевое издание «Марийская правда».Retrieved2 October2023.
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  41. ^Liu, Jim."Yakutia W19 Domestic network additions".Routes.Retrieved24 October2019.
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  48. ^Ranter, Harro."ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-47B-5-DK (DC-3) CCCP-L946 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)".aviation-safety.net.Retrieved2017-04-13.
  49. ^Ranter, Harro."ASN Aircraft accident Lisunov Li-2 CCCP-L4207 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)".aviation-safety.net.Retrieved2017-04-13.
  50. ^Ranter, Harro."ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 12P CCCP-L1317 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)".aviation-safety.net.Retrieved2017-04-13.
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  62. ^"Flight attendant strangled to death during hotel meet-up".29 May 2021.
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