Mount Ontake(Ngự Nhạc Sơn,Ontake-san),also referred to asMount Kiso Ontake(Mộc tằng ngự Nhạc Sơn,Kiso Ontake-san),is the 14th highest mountain and second highestvolcanoinJapan(afterMount Fuji) at 3,067 m (10,062 ft).[3]It is included inKyūya Fukada's 1964100 Famous Japanese Mountains.
| Mount Ontake | |
|---|---|
| Ngự Nhạc Sơn | |
 Viewed from Kuzo Pass ofRoute 361 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,067 m (10,062 ft)[1] |
| Prominence | 1,712 m (5,617 ft)[2] |
| Listing | Ultra 100 famous mountains in Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°53′34″N137°28′49″E/ 35.89278°N 137.48028°E[1] |
| Geography | |
  Mount Ontake Japan | |
| Location | GifuandNagano,Chūbu region,Japan |
| Topo map(s) | Geographical Survey Institute,25000:1 ngự Nhạc Sơn, 50000:1 ngự Nhạc Sơn |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
| Last eruption | October 2014 |
Description
editMt. Ontake is located around 100 km (62 mi) northeast ofNagoya,and around 200 km (125 mi) west of Tokyo, at the borders ofKisoandŌtaki, NaganoandGero, Gifu.The volcano has fivevolcanic crater lakes,withNi no Ike(Nhị ノ trì)at 2,905 m (9,531 ft) being the highest mountain lake in Japan.[citation needed]
Ontake is a majorsacred mountain,and followingshugendōpractices, actors and artists have gone to the mountain to put themselves intotrancesto get divine inspiration for their creative activities.[4]
Eruptions
editOntake was thought to be inactive until October 1979, when it underwent a series of explosivephreatic eruptionswhich ejected 200,000 tons of ash, and had avolcanic explosivity index(VEI) of 2.[5]There were minor non-explosive (VEI 0) phreatic eruptions in 1991 and 2007.[5]
On Saturday, September 27, 2014, at around 11:53 a.m.Japan Standard Time(UTC +9),[6]the volcano erupted with a VEI of 3.[7][8]There were no significantearthquakesthat might have warned authorities in the lead up to thephreatic eruption—caused by ground water flashing to steam in ahydrothermal explosion.[9]The Mount Ontake volcano eruption was an extremely rare phenomenon which made it difficult to take precautionary measures.[10][11]At the time of the eruption, several hiking parties were undertaking ascents and descents of Ontake, with emergency descents having to be undertaken in the presence of ash clouds and falling rocks.[12]63 people were killed; five bodies were never found.[13]TheJapan Self-Defense Forcesbegan carrying out helicopter searches for missing people after the eruption.[14]
Gallery
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Mount Ontake seen from Kurakake Pass on October 11, 2014. -
Mount Ontake fromKiso Valley
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ab"Mountains altitude list in Japan(Gifu prefecture)"(in Japanese). Geospatial Information Authority of Japan.RetrievedDecember 18,2010.
- ^"Japan Ultra-Prominences".Peaklist.org. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
- ^"Ontakesan".Global Volcanism Program.Smithsonian Institution.
- ^Bernbaum, Edwin (1997).Sacred Mountains of the World.Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.ISBN978-0-520-21422-4.
- ^abNgự Nhạc Sơn có sử lấy hàng の núi lửa hoạt động(in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency.RetrievedSeptember 29,2014.
- ^"Ngự Nhạc Sơn が phun hỏa hỏa khẩu から４キロ trình độ は cảnh giới を".NHK.September 27, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2014.RetrievedSeptember 27,2014.
- ^"Ngự Nhạc Sơn phun hỏa, ７ người が hôi に chôn まる sơn に tàn lưu ４４ người cảnh sát sảnh".Asahi Shimbun.RetrievedSeptember 27,2014.
- ^"3 buried under volcanic ash".NHK.Archived fromthe originalon September 29, 2014.RetrievedSeptember 27,2014.
- ^"Experts warn of further eruptions".NHK.September 28, 2014. Archived fromthe originalon October 2, 2014.
- ^Cyranoski, David (September 29, 2014)."Why Japan missed volcano's warning signs".Nature.Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science.doi:10.1038/nature.2014.16022.
- ^"Japan volcano Ontake an extremely rare eruption".Australian Geographic. September 29, 2014.
- ^"Japan volcano: Mt Ontake rescue teams find 31 bodies".BBC News.September 28, 2014.RetrievedJune 7,2022.
- ^"Mount Ontake: Four years after its deadly eruption".The Japan Times.September 28, 2018.RetrievedNovember 14,2018.
- ^"Japanese troops head for volcano after eruption to search for missing climbers".Chatham Daily News.Ontario. September 27, 2014.RetrievedSeptember 29,2014.
External links
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- Ontakesan- Japan Meteorological Agency(in Japanese)
- "Ontakesan: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan"(PDF).- Japan Meteorological Agency
- Ontakesan- Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program