Museum Wiesbaden

TheMuseum Wiesbadenis a two-branch museum ofartandnatural historyin theHessiancapital ofWiesbaden,Germany. It is one of the three Hessian State museums, in addition to the museums inKasselandDarmstadt.

Museum Wiesbaden

Museum Wiesbaden
Location	Wiesbaden,Germany
Coordinates	50°04′39″N8°14′45″E

History

The foundation of the originally three museums traces back to the citizens of the city and toJohann Wolfgang von Goethe,who stayed in Wiesbaden in 1814/1815 for a rehabilitation measure, and worked hard to establish such a cultural institution. In 1825 he persuaded theFrankfurterprivate collectorJohann Isaac Freiherr von Gerningto donate his extensive collections of works of art,antiquitiesandin kindto theDuchy of Nassauin return for the payment of anannuityfor life.

Under the responsibility of the newly founded associations, but controlled by theducalgovernment, the citizens of Wiesbaden and the region were able to quickly expand these collections. Together with the pieces of theVerein für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung( "Association for Nassauian Antiquity and Historical Research" ) founded in 1812, three originally independent museums emerged. In addition to theVerein für Nassauische Altertumskunde und GeschichtsforschungtheNassauischer Verein für Naturkunde( "Nassau Society of Natural Science)" and theNassauischer Kunstverein( "Nassau Kunstverein" ) (art society) were responsible for these museums.

Following the death of the Duke, the Hereditary Prince's Palace atWilhelmstraße,built for his son, was now available for other purposes. In contrast to other cities, at a very early stage it was possible to find rooms for the cultural assets collected by thecitizenry.In 1821 the three museums and theregional libraryof Hessen were thus able to move into the palace, which is nowadays the seat of theChamber of Commerce and Industryof Wiesbaden. Around the middle of the 19th century the building became too small, due to the busy collection activities and new acquisitions. The call for a new building became louder and louder. After the three museums came under Prussian control in 1866, the city of Wiesbaden took over these institutions in 1899. This change was generally accepted because Wiesbaden had sufficient funds at the end of the 19th century to promote culture.

According to plans by architectTheodor Fischer,the foundation stone for a new building with three wings was laid at the corner of Wilhelmstraße/Rheinstraße in 1913. Previously, the banker's mansion Mons had stood there, in which the reception building ofLudwigsbahnhofwas housed until 1906. The interior design of the three houses was influenced to a large extent by the three directors and the curators, as there were different needs.

The first to open was theGemäldegalerieon 1 October 1915. In the same year theNatural Sciences Collectionwas also able to move into the new building, but it was not until after the end of the First World War that theNatural Sciences Museumand theMuseum of Nassau Antiquitiesreopened on 15 July 1920.

Half of the picture gallery was to be used for changing exhibitions, which were carried out by theNassauischer Kunstvereinin the 1920s and early 1930s. During this time, citizens of Wiesbaden also contributed to important additions to the collections. The natural science collections showed systematic exhibitions on topics of geology,paleontologyandbiology.Ecological aspects were also presented for the first time.

During theSecond World War,the building was partly used for military purposes. With few exceptions, the collections survived the war unscathed. However, the exhibitions were dismantled and most of the showcases were damaged. Only slowly the rooms were able to regain their original function after renovation. This delay had another reason: theAmericans,who moved to Wiesbaden after 1945, turned the museum into aCentral Collecting Point.Temporarily stored art treasures were shown, such as thebust of Nefertitior the paintingThe Man with the Golden Helmet,which was attributed to Rembrandt at the time.

After their return, a collection was rebuilt from the 1950s onwards with very few resources. Clemens Weilerplayed a major role in the construction of theAlexej von Jawlensky-Collection, which is today the most important collection of the house.The Natural Science Museum was largely rebuilt by Friedrich Heineck, who was impeached of office during the war. It was the aim of the museum to show in particular info on thebiomesin the exhibitions. The reconstruction was not entirely successful, partly because rooms were still being used by other people (e. g. by an American library and an urban archive).

In 1973 the three museums came into the possession of thestate of Hesse.Since that time they have been united in a three-division house, the Museum Wiesbaden. TheNassauischer Kunstverein( "Nassau Kunstverein" ), which had previously been housed in the museum, was moved to the historic villa onWilhelmstraße15 in the immediate vicinity. Since 2010 Alexander Klar has been director of the museum. He succeeds Volker Rattemeyer, who ran the museum for 23 years. Under his leadership, in 2007 it was elected by theInternational Association of Art Critics(Association Internationale des Critiques d' Art (AICA)) asMuseum of the Year.

From 1994 to 1997, the Kassel architects Schultze and Schulze completely renovated the rooms of the art collection, from 2003 to 2006 the roofs, the entrance area and the lecture hall and opened up new exhibition rooms of the art collection. From 2007 to 2012, the north and south wings were to be renovated. In the north wing, the natural history collection can be shown again from 2013 onwards. According to press reports and reports from the state government, the collection of Nassauian antiquities SNA was handed over to the city of Wiesbaden in 2009. The Old Masters are to be shown in the freed south wing.

From 1994 to 1997, the Kassel architects Schultze and Schulze completely renovated the rooms of the art collection, from 2003 to 2006 the roofs, the entrance area and the lecture hall and opened up new exhibition rooms of the art collection. From 2007 to 2012, the north and south wings were renovated. Since 2013, the natural history collection is now on show in the north wing.TheCollection of Nassau Antiquitiesis now shown at theStadtmuseum am Marktin Wiesbaden.In the freed south wing, theOld Mastersare presented in connection with contemporary art

The chronological sequence was abandoned in favour of spaces on the themes "religion", "portrait", "mythology", "still life" and "landscape".

Art collection

The museum's art collection dates back to the former collection of Johann Isaak von Gerning from Frankfurt. Through purchases, donations and loans, the art collection has become one of the most important in Germany, especially in the area of the 19th and 20th centuries. The Museum Wiesbaden endeavours to identifyNazi plunderin its own collection and, if necessary, to return it to the legitimate heirs. In October 2014, the museum therefore launched a spectacular campaign entitledWiesbaden schafft die Wende!( "Wiesbaden is making the turn!" ) The paintingDie LabungbyHans von Marées,stolen by theNazi regimein 1935, came into the possession of the museum in 1980. It was still shown in the context of this action, but only the reverse of the painting. It was not until the beginning of November, by which time donations had already raised enough money for the now legitimate purchase, that the painting could be turned back.

Sculptures

Sculptures do not play a significant role in the art collection of the Museum Wiesbaden. However, some interesting works are represented. French sculpture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries is presented with a work by one of its main representatives,Aristide Maillol'sBadende.The German sculptors of the first half of the 20th century are represented byMax Klinger(portrait bust ofFriedrich Nietzsche,ca. 1910),Franz von Stuck,Georg Kolbe,Wilhelm Lehmbruck,Gerhard Marcks,Emy Roederand Ernst Barlach (Der Tod, 1925).

Graphic art

Compared to the collection of paintings, the graphic art collection is less important. Work before 1800 is scarce. In the 19th century, on the other hand, there are a number of works byLudwig Knaus,Arnold Böcklin,Hans von MaréesandMax Slevogt,among others. In the first half of the 20th century, theexpressionistsstand out, especiallyAlexej von Jawlensky(seeAlexej von Jawlensky-Collection, excellently represented with drawings,woodcutsandLithographs). These include works byDie Brücke-artistssuch asErnst Ludwig Kirchner,Erich HeckelandKarl Schmidt-Rottluff,as well as works by the artists of theBlaue Reiter-Editorial Association.Of particular note are works byFranz Marc,August Mackeand above allWassily Kandinsky'swatercolourAllerheiligen( "All Saints", 1910) from the collection ofHanna Bekker vom Rath.

Works by other artists of the time, such asEdvard Munch,Otto Dix,Oskar Kokoschka,Käthe KollwitzandPablo Picasso,can also be found.Constructivistworks, including those byLászló Moholy-Nagy,the artist couple Robert Michel andElla Bergmann-Michel,as well asFriedrich Vordemberge-Gildewart,form another focal point of the collection. The graphic art collection after 1945 is extensive, which is why only a few names are mentioned here.Informalismis represented by works byKarl Otto Götz,Otto GreisandBernard Schultze.Further sheets from the 1940s and 1950s come fromWilli Baumeister,HAP Grieshaberand above all from the extensiveErnst Wilhelm Naycollection.Minimalist tendenciesare shown in the works ofSol LeWitt.Pop artis represented byThomas Bayrle,among others.

Old Masters

Compared to the 19th and 20th century collections, theOld Mastersare rarely represented in the museum. The focus is on Italian and Dutch artists from the 15th century onwards. The most important Italians areProspero Fontana,Albertino Piazza(Heimsuchung Mariae,"Visitation of Mary" ),Domenico Tintoretto,Marietta Robusti,Sebastiano del Piombo,Alessandro Rosi,Luca Giordano,Francesco Solimena,Sebastiano Ricci,Cristoforo MunariandGennaro Greco.

Dutch paintingis represented by artists such asJoos van Cleve(Christuskind mit Weintraube,"Christ Child with Grape" ),Albrecht Bouts,Otto van Veen,Joos de Momper,Frans Floris,Roelant Savery,Gerard van Honthorst,Willem van de Velde,Willem van de Velde,Jan Lievens,Frans Snyders(Stillleben,"Still life" ) andNicolaes Berchem.

Late GermanGothicandRenaissance artis represented bythe Master of the Heisterbach Altar,the Master of the Holy Family,Lucas Cranach the Elder,Bartholomew Bruyn the Elder andHans Muelich.The GermanBaroqueandClassicismis represented by Johann Conrad Seekatz andJanuary Zick,Nicolas Treu,Johann Georg PlatzerundAngelika Kauffmann(Bildnis Johann Isaak von Gerning,1798 – "Portrait of Johann Isaak von Gerning" ).English paintingis represented byJoshua Reynolds.

19th-century collection

The 19th century is excellently represented in the collection. Although the great names and FrenchImpressionismare missing, a broad overview for this period is guaranteed. With artists such asWilhelm von Kobell,Carl Morgenstern and Georg Waldmueller, Germangenre paintingis particularly well represented.Ludwig Knausfrom Wiesbaden, who at his time was equally important asAdolph von Menzel,is represented in practically no other museum here. HisSpaziergang im Tuileriengarten( "Walk in the Tuilerie Garden" ) of around 1855 is an early approach toImpressionism,from which he later withdrew.

TheDüsseldorf school of paintingis represented by several works of the brothersAndreas AchenbachandOswald Achenbach.TheDeutschrömer– German artists and writers who lived in Rome – are represented byAnselm Feuerbach(Nanna,1861),Arnold BöcklinandHans von Marées.Karl Friedrich LessingandJohann Wilhelm Schirmerare also featured.Carl Spitzweg(The Butterflycatcher,around 1840),Wilhelm von Kaulbach,Franz von LenbachandFranz von Stuckform the counterpart of theMunich School.

TheLeibl-Kreisin Munich is represented extensively, especially byWilhelm Trübner,but alsoHans Thoma,Carl SchuchandOtto Scholdererare present with paintings in the collection.French realismis featured with works byGustave Courbet,Jean-François MilletandCharles-François Daubigny,whileRussian realismis represented by a work by theAlexej von JawlenskyteacherIlya Repinfrom the Ernst Alfred Aye Collection.

The collection of this century ends with the works of the main representatives of GermanImpressionism,Max Liebermannand above allLovis Corinth,of whom the museum owns five paintings (Portrait von Frau Halbe,1898) as well asOskar Moll(Havelkähne,1907) andChristian Rohlfs.

Jawlensky-Collection

The works of the Russian artistAlexej von Jawlensky,who spent the last twenty years of his life in Wiesbaden, are outstanding in the collection of the Museum Wiesbaden. With 57 paintings and 35 graphics, the museum has the largest collection of this artist besides theNorton Simon MuseuminPasadena.The collection includes early works such asStillleben mit Krug und Buch( "Still Life with Jug and Book", around 1902), many expressive major works such asDame mit Fächer( "Woman with a Fan", 1909),Nikita(1910) orSelbstbildnis( "Self-portrait", 1912) and, above all, many works of the paintings in series, such as the variationsVon Frühling, Glück und Sonne( "Of Spring, Happiness and Sun", 1917) or the Abstract Heads created in Wiesbaden asKopf in Rot-Weiß-Gold( "Head in Red-White-Gold", 1927) and the meditations asMein Geist wird weiterleben( "My Spirit will live on", 1935).

Remarkable among theStill lifesis the paintingStillleben mit schwarzer Vase( "Still Life with Black Vase", 1910) and among the paintings of landscapes by Jawlensky the workBlaue Berge( "Blue Mountains", 1912). The collection of graphics includelithographssuch asLiegender weiblicher Akt( "Lying female nude", 1912) and drawings includingKonstantinowka mit geneigtem Kopf( "Konstantinovka with inclined head", circa 1912). Most recently, the collection has been extended by eleven paintings and three drawings from the Hanna Bekker vom Rath Collection in 1987, including the portraitBildnis Marianne von Werefkin( "Portrait of Marianne von Werefkin" ) from 1906.

From 17 September 2021, to March 2022 the museum showsAlles! 100 Jahre Jawlensky in Wiesbaden (All! 100 years of Jawlensky in Wiesbaden)– an anniversary show celebrating the history of the collection with a complete exhibition of the works of expressionist Alexej von Jawlensky.

Expressionists and the Hanna Bekker vom Rath collection

Even beforeWorld War II,the Museum Wiesbaden had an important collection of works by theExpressionists.In addition, the collection of the Wiesbaden art collector and patron Heinrich Kirchhoff was regularly exhibited, with which many modernist works could be shown. With the Nazi confiscation campaign under the titleEntartete Kunstall modern works of art were removed from the museum, so that one had to start again after the war. High quality works were purchased fromPaula Modersohn-Becker,Otto Mueller(Liebespaar) ( "Love Couple", 1925),Emil Nolde,Walter Jacob,Conrad Felixmüller(Familienbildnis Kirchhoff,"Kirchhoff family portrait", 1920),Karl Hoferand above all from Jawlensky's companionMarianne von Werefkin(Schindelfabrik,"Schindel Factory", around 1910). In addition, a work of the RussianNatalia Goncharovawas acquired. A milestone in the history of the art collection was the acquisition of a large part of theHanna Bekker vom Rathcollection. With this collection, the museum not only received 11 paintings and three drawings by Jawlensky, but also 16 other works of Classical Modernism. Graphics byWassily KandinskyandAugust Mackeas well as paintings byErnst Ludwig Kirchner,Erich Heckel(paintingMaske vor Buschbockfell,"Mask in front of Buschbockfell", 1913),Adolf Hölzel,Ida Kerkovius,Willi BaumeisterandErnst Wilhelm Nayhave enriched the collection ever since. In addition, there are five paintings by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, among which the paintingSelbstportrait( "Self portrait", 1919), and two paintings byMax Beckmann,including the famous paintingWeiblicher Akt mit Hund( "Female Nude with Dog", 1927). After this great enrichment, further individual works from this collection were acquired, to mention above all Jawlensky's paintingHeilandsgesicht: Ruhendes Licht( "Face of Salvation: Resting Light" ) from 1921.

Constructivist artists

Constructivist art is a focal theme in the collection of the Museum Wiesbaden. Although some of the big names are missing, the collection still offers a good overview. Among others,László Moholy-Nagywith his paintingArchitektur III(1920),Erich Buchholz,Walter Dexelas well as the post-war artists Klaus Staudt,Günter FruhtrunkandFrançois Morelletare included here. There are large complexes of works by the artist couple Robert Michel andElla Bergmann-Michel,Anton Stankowski,and above all byFriedrich Vordemberge-Gildewartwith the painting complexK 116(1940). His archive is maintained by the museum.

Art since 1945

TheArt collectionof the Museum Wiesbaden is one of the most important art collections in Germany after 1945. It starts withArt Informel.Here the German artistsKarl Otto Götz(Krakmo,1958), Otto Greis, Heinz Kreutz, Fred Thieler,Emil Schumacher,Hann Trier,Gerhard Hoehme andBernard Schultze(Venen und Tang,"Veins and Seaweed", 1955) are shown. The museum owns several of Bernard Schultze'sMigofs,a title which he attached to his sculptural works. The other positions of art of the 1940s and 1950s are envisioned byErnst Wilhelm Naywith his paintingAfrikanisch( "African", 1954),Willi Baumeister,Max Ackermann,Rolf Cavael,Fritz Winterand above all the painter Otto Ritschl from Wiesbaden with his paintingKomposition(1955).

These artists are followed byabstractpainting artists such asRupprecht Geiger,Ulrich Erben, Bruno Erdmann andGotthard Graubner.TheZERO groupandkinetic artare featured by artists such asGünther Ueckerwith his workSpirale Weiß( "White spiral", 1963), Rolf Kissel, Hermann Goepfert,Heinz Mackand Adolf Luther. AlsoSigmar Polkeand, above all,Gerhard Richterbelong to the collection. The museum possesses five paintings by Richter, including the famousEin Wunder rettete( "A Miracle Saved", 1964).Surrealismis illustrated by two paintings byMax Ernst.

In 1962 the legendary firstFluxusFestivaltook place in the museum. Of this period, the museum holds works byJoseph Beuys,Wolf VostellandNam June Paik.His workZen for Head(1962) is part of the collection. TheAmerican post-war artis featured by some of its main protagonists by works ofMark Rothko,Ad ReinhardtandAgnes Martin.Also listed in the collection are artists such asSol LeWitt,Donald Judd,Robert Mangold,Fred Sandback,Dan FlavinandBrice Marden.The museum also has the largest collection of works (graphics, paintings and objects) by the German-AmericanEva Hesse.One of her works is the wall objectEighter from Decatur(1965). Thepainting of the 1970s and 1980sis portrayed by artists such asGeorg Baselitzwith his workStillleben( "Still Life", 1969), Eugen Schönebeck,Jörg Immendorffand Thomas Bayrle.

An outstanding focus of the collection is theinstallation-andobjectart of the last thirty years. The most important artists in the collection are Dietrich Helms,Jeppe Hein,Rebecca Horn,Thomas Huber,Vollrad Kutscher,Ingeborg Lüscher,Christiane Möbus, Norbert Radermacher,Franz Erhard Waltherand Dorothee von Windheim with her workFassade III(in EnglishFacade III) (1979). In addition, there are works of international artists such asIlya Kabakovwith his workDer Rote Waggon( "The Red Wagon", 1991),Micha Ullman,Richard Serra,Jochen Gerzwith his compositionDer Transsibirische-Prospekt( "Trans-Siberian View", 1977) andChristian Boltanski.Modernist sculptureis represented byKatsura Funakoshiwith his work of artA Tale of the Sphinx(2004).

Art awards

Although the Museum Wiesbaden does not award any art awards itself, two of them are closely linked to the museum.

Alexej von Jawlensky Prize

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his death in 1991, the city of Wiesbaden established the Alexei von Jawlensky Prize, endowed with 18,000 Euros.Alexei von Jawlensky(1865–1941) was an important Russian artist in the first half of the 20th century who spent the last twenty years of his life in Wiesbaden. The prize is awarded every five years and has so far been awarded six times. The prize includes the purchase of a work for the Museum Wiesbaden and a special exhibition on the work of the winner in the Museum Wiesbaden.

The previous laureates were:

• 1991:Agnes Martin
• 1996:Robert Mangold
• 2001:Brice Marden
• 2006:Rebecca Horn
• 2010:Ellsworth Kelly
• 2014:Richard Serra

Otto Ritschl Prize

The Otto Ritschl Prize was established by the Museumsverein Otto Ritschl e. V. in 2001.Otto Ritschl(1885–1976) was an important German post-war artist who lived in Wiesbaden until his death. An international jury awards the prize at irregular intervals, which is associated with a cash reward and an exhibition at the Museum Wiesbaden.

The previous laureates were:

• 2001Gotthard Graubner
• 2003 Ulrich Erben
• 2009 Kazuo Katase
• 2015Katharina Grosse

Natural history collections

Exhibition on Movements

The originally independent Museum of Natural History in Wiesbaden was founded in 1829 by citizens of the region with the support of the Duke together with theNassauischer Verein für Naturkunde(Nassau Association for Natural History). The beginning of the 19th century was marked by industrialization and enormous discoveries in the natural sciences. This is how the desire for a permanent institution was born. On the one hand, this offered the opportunity to establish an important place of education for the public and, on the other hand, to promote internal research. These goals are still pursued by today's natural history collections. One can find more information on this at the site of the Museum Wiesbaden.

Scientific collections

Originally the collection was intended to cover nature of theDuchy of Nassau.However, as the duchy lacked a university and international collections had to be integrated with the founding of the museum, this approach was abandoned. Nowadays theNatural History Collectionsbelong to the larger ones in Germany with material from all regions of the world.

About one million individual objects and series are available to science and public relations. Several thousand first described specimens serve in particular research intobiodiversity.With few exceptions, the collection survived the Second World War. A large part of the collection is documented in catalog, on index cards and digitally. Larger gaps exist especially in the areas of geology andinvertebrateanimals. Digital photographs are also available of numerous items in the collection.

General geology and mineralogy

Themineralcollection is still completely in its 19th-century form, as the exhibition combines both scientific and display collections in vitrines. In addition to a general mineral collection of worldwide origin, the focus is on finds from the region, which document in particular the mining industry, which was important until a few decades ago. The scientific collection comprises about 14,000 pieces, currently listed in a computerized catalog.

Geological history

Threegeologicaleras are particularly represented in the immediate region of Wiesbaden. About 50,000fossilsare documented. From the recent history of the earth there are testimonies from thePleistocene,which originate in particular from theMosbacher Sande.RegularlyRhineandMainhad dammed up in front of theMiddle Rhine Valleyand bones carried along remained in the sediment. Especially from thewarm periodsnumerous fossils are preserved. A second focal point is the find area at theCaves of Steeden,where the oldestartefactsof Hesse were found. One of the most important collections is related to the following two earth ages. It is the largest part of the legacy of the brothersGuidoandFridolin Sandberger.

TheMainz Basinbears witness to the impressive world of life in thePaleogene.In this warmer phase after the extinction of the dinosaurs, the Mainz basin was regularly connected to the surrounding seas, in between these connections were lost, the inland sea sweetened out, a lake was formed and finally the water disappeared completely. In this change numerous animal species lived here, so there are traces of, amongst others,Manatees,Basking sharks,reef-forming mussel banks, but also land creatures, such as theDeinotherium,which was found inEppelsheim.

Especially artefacts from the Taunus originate from theDevonian,an equally warm time with a high sea level. Therefore, the collection contains evidence of an enormous marine fauna:trilobites,conodontsandgraptolites.Beside it are worth mentioning: aPalaeozoicandmesozoicfish collection, an extensive Mesozoicvertebrate collection,a large and completeichthyosaurspecimen ofHolzmaden,a well sorted paleontological reference collection from the hydrobiic layer of the Mainz Basin, an extensiveCephalopodscollection, a well sortedBrachiopodescollection and an extensive collection offossilsfrom theTaunus quartzite(incl.Trace fossils).

Repatriation

In 2023 the museum was one of seven German museums and universities to returnMāoriandMorioriremains to theMuseum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewain New Zealand.

Further reading

• Bernhard Pinsker; Wiesbaden Verein f. Nassauische Altertumskunde u. Geschichtsforschung e.V., eds. (1 January 1993),200000 Jahre Kultur und Geschichte in Nassau. Dargestellt an Objekten der Sammlung Nassauischer Altertümer des Museums Wiesbaden[200000 years of culture and history in Nassau. Presented with objects from the collection of Nassau antiquities of the Museum Wiesbaden] (in German), Wiesbaden,ISBN978-3-922027-89-8{{citation}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Walter Czysz (1 August 2004),175 Jahre Nassauischer Verein für Naturkunde und Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlung des Museums Wiesbaden. 1829–2004[175 Years Nassau Society for Natural History and Natural Science Collection of the Museum Wiesbaden. 1829–2004] (in German), Wiesbaden: Nassauischer Verein für Naturkunde,ISBN978-3-9809749-1-2
• Volker Rattemeyer; Renate Petzinger, eds. (2007),Das Museum Wiesbaden. Museum des Jahres 2007[The Museum Wiesbaden. Museum of the Year 2007] (in German), Wiesbaden: Museum Wiesbaden,ISBN978-3-89258-073-7
• Alexander Klar (1 October 2015),Die Kunstsammlungen: Museum Wiesbaden[The art collections: Museum Wiesbaden], München: Hirner,ISBN978-3-7774-2464-4
• Roman Zieglgänsberger (18 September 2021),Alles! 100 Jahre Jawlensky in Wiesbaden. Ausstellung im Museum Wiesbaden bis zum 27. März 2022. Der Katalog ist zugleich Jawlensky-Bestandsverzeichnis des Hauses[Exhibition at the Museum Wiesbaden until March 27, 2022. The catalog is at the same time the Jawlensky inventory of the house], München: Hirner,ISBN978-3-7774-3746-0

External links

• Museum Wiesbaden
• Natural History Collection
• Nassau Society of Natural Sciences
• The caves of Steeden ( "The First Hessians" )