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Nâzım Hikmet

Mehmed Nâzım Ran(17 January 1902 – 3 June 1963),[3][4]commonly known asNâzım Hikmet(Turkish:[naːˈzɯmhicˈmet]ⓘ), was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director, and memoirist. He was acclaimed for the "lyrical flow of his statements".[5][page needed]Described as a "romantic communist"[6][page needed]and a "romantic revolutionary",[5][page needed]he was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile. His poetry has been translated into more than 50 languages.

Nâzım Hikmet Ran
BornMehmed Nâzım
(1902-01-15)15 January 1902[1]
Selanik,Salonica,Ottoman Empire(nowThessaloniki,Central Macedonia,Greece)
Died3 June 1963(1963-06-03)(aged 61)
Moscow,Soviet Union(now Russia)
Pen nameOrhan Selim, Ahmet Oğuz, Mümtaz Osman, Ercüment Er
OccupationPoet,playwright,memoirist,novelist,screenwriter,film director
LanguageTurkish
Citizenship
  • Turkey
  • Poland
[2]
Signature

Family

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According to Nâzım Hikmet, he was of paternal Turkish and maternal German, Polish, French and Georgian descent.[7][8][9]His mother came from a distinguished cosmopolitan family with predominantly-Circassian(Adyghe) roots,[10][11]along with high social position and relations to thePolish nobility.From his father's side, he had Turkish heritage.[12]His father, Hikmet Bey, was the son of Mehmet Nâzım Pasha, after whom Nâzım Hikmet was named.

Nazım’s maternal grandfather,Hasan Enver Pasha,was the son of the Polish-bornMustafa Celalettin Pashaand Saffet Hanım, the daughter,Omar Pasha,a Serbian, and Adviye Hanım, a Circassian who was the daughter of Çerkes Hafız Pasha.

Mustafa Celalettin Pasha (born Konstanty Borzęcki herbuPółkozic) wroteLes Turcs anciens et modernes( "The Ancient and Modern Turks" ) in Istanbul in 1869. That is considered one of the first works ofTurkish nationalistpolitical thought.[11]

Nâzım Hikmet's maternal grandmother, Leyla Hanım, was the daughter ofMehmet Ali Pasha,of FrenchHuguenotand German origin, and Ayşe Sıdıka Hanım, a daughter of Çerkes Hafız Paşa.[13]Nâzım Hikmet and Celile Hanım's cousins includedOktay Rifat Horozcu,a leading Turkish poet, and the statesmanAli Fuat Cebesoy.[14]

Early life

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Nâzım Hikmet in 1917, at the age of 15

Nâzım was born on 15 January 1902, in Selânik (Salonica), where his father was serving as anOttomangovernment official.[3][4]He attended the Taşmektep Primary School in theGöztepedistrict ofIstanbuland later enrolled in the junior high school section of the prestigiousGalatasaray High Schoolin theBeyoğludistrict, where he began to learn French. However, in 1913, he was transferred to the Numune Mektebi, in theNişantaşıdistrict. In 1918, he graduated from theOttoman Naval SchoolonHeybeliada,one of thePrinces' Islands,in theSea of Marmara.His school days coincided with a period of political upheaval, during which the Ottoman government entered theFirst World Warand was allied with Germany. For a brief period, he was assigned as a naval officer to theOttoman NavycruiserHamidiye,but in 1919 he became seriously ill and was not able to fully recover. That got him exempted from naval service in 1920.

In 1921, together with his friendsVâlâ Nureddin(Vâ-Nû),Yusuf Ziya OrtaçandFaruk Nafiz Çamlıbel,he went toİneboluinAnatoliato join theTurkish War of Independence.From there he, together with Vâlâ Nûreddin, walked toAnkara,where the Turkish liberation movement was headquartered. In Ankara, they were introduced toMustafa Kemal Pasha,later called Atatürk, who wanted the two friends to write a poem that would invite and inspire Turkish volunteers in Istanbul and elsewhere to join their struggle. The poem was much appreciated, and Muhittin Bey (Birgen) decided to appoint them as teachers to the Sultani (high college) inBolu,rather than to send them to the front as soldiers. However, theircommunistviews were not appreciated by the conservative officials in Bolu and so both of them decided to go toBatumiin theGeorgian Soviet Socialist Republicto witness the results of theRussian Revolution of 1917and arrived there on 30 September 1921. In July 1922, both friends went toMoscow,where Ran studied Economics and Sociology at theCommunist University of the Toilers of the Eastin the early 1920s. There, he was influenced by the artistic experiments ofVladimir MayakovskyandVsevolod Meyerhold,as well as the ideological vision ofVladimir Lenin.[6]

Style and achievements

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Despite writing his first poems in syllabic meter, Nazım Hikmet distinguished himself from the "syllabic poets" in concept. With the development of his poetic conception, the narrow forms ofsyllabic versebecame too limiting for his style, and he set out to seek new forms for his poems.

He was influenced by the young Soviet poets who advocatedFuturism.On his return to Turkey, he became the charismatic leader of the Turkishavant-gardeby producing streams of innovative poems, plays and film scripts.[6]

In Moscow in 1922, he broke the boundaries of syllabic meter, changed his form and began writing infree verse.[15]

He has been compared by Turkish and non-Turkish men of letters to such figures asFederico García Lorca,Louis Aragon,Vladimir Mayakovsky,Faiz Ahmed Faiz,Yiannis Ritsos,andPablo Neruda.Although Ran's work bears a resemblance to these poets and owes them occasional debts of form and stylistic device, his literary personality is unique in terms of the synthesis he made of iconoclasm and lyricism, of ideology and poetic diction.[5]: 19 

Many of his poems have been set to music by the Turkish composerZülfü Livaneliand byCem Karaca.Part of his work has been translated into Greek byYiannis Ritsos,and some of the translations have been arranged by the Greek composersManos LoizosandThanos Mikroutsikos.

Because of his political views, his works were banned in Turkey from 1938 to 1965.[16]

Later life and legacy

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Nâzım's imprisonment in the 1940s became acause célèbreamong intellectuals worldwide. A 1949 committee that includedPablo Picasso,Paul Robeson,andJean-Paul Sartrecampaigned for his release.[17]

Nâzım Hikmet

On 8 April 1950, Nâzım began a hunger strike to protest the Turkish Parliament's failure to include an amnesty law in its agenda before it closed for the upcoming general election. He was then transferred from the prison inBursa,first to the infirmary ofSultanahmet Jail,inIstanbul,and later toPaşakapısı Prison.[18]Seriously ill, Ran suspended his strike on 23 April,National Sovereignty and Children's Day.His doctor's request to treat him in hospital for three months was refused by officials. As his imprisonment status had not changed, he resumed his hunger strike on the morning of 2 May.[17]

Nâzım's hunger strike caused a stir throughout the country. Petitions were signed and a magazine named after him was published. His mother, Celile, began a hunger strike on 9 May, followed by the renowned Turkish poetsOrhan Veli,Melih CevdetandOktay Rıfatthe next day. In light of the new political situation after the1950 Turkish general election,held on 14 May, the strike ended five days later, on 19 May, Turkey'sCommemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day,when he was finally released by a general amnesty law enacted by the new government.[17]

On 22 November 1950, theWorld Council of Peaceannounced that Nâzım was among the recipients of theInternational Peace Prize,along with Pablo Picasso, Paul Robeson,Wanda JakubowskaandPablo Neruda.[17]

Later on, Nâzım escaped from Turkey to Romania on a ship via theBlack Seaand from there moved to theSoviet Union.Because the Soviet bloc recognized the Turkish minority only in communist Bulgaria, the poet's books were immediately brought out in this country, both in Turkish originals[19]and in Bulgarian translations.[20]The communist authorities in Bulgaria celebrated him in Turkish and Bulgarian publications as 'a poet of liberty and peace.'[21]The goal was to discredit Turkey presented as a "lackey of the imperialist" United States in the eyes of Bulgaria's Turkish minority,[22]many of whom desired to leave for or were expelled to Turkey in 1950–1953.[23]

When theEOKAstruggle broke out in Cyprus, Ran believed that its population could live together peacefully, and he called on the Cypriot Turks to support theGreek Cypriots' demand for an end to British rule and union with Greece (enosis).[24][25][26]Hikmet drew negative reaction from Turkish Cypriots for his opinions.[27]

Persecuted for decades by Turkey during theCold Warfor his communist views, Nâzım died of a heart attack inMoscowon 3 June 1963 at 6.30 a.m. while he was picking up a morning newspaper at the door of his summer house inPeredelkino,far away from his beloved homeland.[28]He is buried in Moscow'sNovodevichy Cemetery,where his tomb is still a place of pilgrimage for Turks and others from around the world. His final wish, which was never carried out, was to be buried under a plane tree (platanus) in any village cemetery inAnatolia.[citation needed]

His poems depicting the people of the countryside, villages, towns and cities of his homeland (Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları,"Human Landscapes from my Country" ), as well as theTurkish War of Independence(Kurtuluş Savaşı Destanı,i.e.The Epic of the War of Independence "), and theTurkish revolutionaries(Kuvâyi Milliye,"Force of the Nation) are considered among the greatest literary works of Turkey.[citation needed]

After his death, the Kremlin ordered the publication of the poet's first-ever Turkish-language collected works in communist Bulgaria, where a large and recognized Turkish national minority still existed. The eight volumes of these collected works,Bütün eserleri,appeared atSofiabetween 1967 and 1972, in the very last years of the existence of the Turkish minority educational and publishing system in Bulgaria.[29]

The first-ever collected works of the Turkish poet Nâzım Hikmet, published in communist Bulgaria
Frontispiece of Volume 1 of the first-ever collected works of the Turkish poet Nâzım Hikmet

Nâzım had Polish and Turkish citizenship.[2]The latter was revoked in 1959 and restored in 2009.[30][31]His family has been asked if it wanted his remains repatriated from Russia.[32]

Patronage

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During the 1940s, as he was serving his sentence at Bursa Prison, painted. There, he met a young inmate,İbrahim Balaban.Ran discovered Balaban's talent in drawing, gave all his paint and brushes to him, and encouraged him to continue with painting. Ran influenced the peasant and educated him, who had finished only a three-grade village school, in forming his own ideas in the fields of philosophy, sociology, economics, and politics. Ran greatly admired Balaban and referred to him in a letter to the novelistKemal Tahiras "his peasant painter" (Turkish:Köylü ressam). Their contact remained after they were released from the prison.[33][34]

Selected works

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"I Come and Stand at Every Door"

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See also:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Nâzım's poem "Kız Çocuğu"(" The Girl Child ") conveys a plea for peace from a seven-year-old girl, ten years after she perished in the USatomic bombattacks atHiroshimaand Nagasaki. It has achieved worldwide popularity as a powerful anti-war message and has been performed and translated in many languages as a song by a number of singers and musicians both in Turkey and many countries. It is also known in English by various other titles, including "I Come and Stand at Every Door", "I Unseen" and "Hiroshima Girl".[35]

Turkish

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Bengali

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  • Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet)translated Hikmet's poems intoBengali.The poems are collected in two anthologies,Nirbachita Nazim Hikmet(1952)(Selected Poems of Nazem Hikmet)ISBN81-7079-501-XandNazem Hikmet er Aro Kobita(1974) (More Poems of Nazem Himet). Some of the translations are available in open source.

Greek

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  • Thanos Mikroutsikos,in the albumPolitika tragoudia(Political Songs,1975) composed a series of Hikmet's poems, adapted in Greek by the poetYiannis Ritsos.[37]
  • Manos Loizoscomposed settings of some of Ran's poems, adapted in Greek byYiannis Ritsos.They are included in the 1983 discGrammata stin agapimeni(Letters to the Beloved One).

English

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  • The usual tune is a nontraditional melody composed by Jim Waters in 1954 to fit the lyrics of Child 113 ballad "The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry",which was recorded by American folksingerJoan Baezas "Silkie" on her second albumJoan Baez, Vol. 2in 1961.
  • According to American activistfolk musicianPete Seeger,Jeanette Turner did a loose English "singable translation" of the poem under a different title, "I Come And Stand At Every Door", and sent a note to Seeger asking "Do you think you could make a tune for it?" in the late 1950s. After a week of trial and failure, the English translation was used by Seeger in 1962 with an adaptation of "an extraordinary melody put together by aMassachusetts Institute of Technologystudent, James Waters, who had put a new tune to a mystical ballad 'The Great Silkie' which he could not get out of his head, without permission. "Seeger wrote inWhere Have All the Flowers Gone:"It was wrong of me. I should have gotten his permission. But it worked. The Byrds made a good recording of it, electric guitars and all."[38]Seeger also used the track in his 1999 compilation albumHeadlines & Footnotes: A Collection Of Topical Songs.Seeger sang the song on 9 August 2013, the 68th anniversary of theNagasaki atomic bombing,on aDemocracy Now!interview.[39]
  • British folk singerHarvey Andrewsrecorded a version under the title "Child of Hiroshima" (sometimes re-released as "Children of Hiroshima" ), released on his eponymous debut EP in 1965.[40]
  • The Byrds;the American rock band used the translation on their third albumFifth Dimensionin 1966.
  • Roger McGuinnof the Byrds later recorded the song with its original lyrics as part of hisFolk Denproject.
  • The Misunderstoodused the translation, changing the title to "I Unseen", on a 1969 UK Fontana single, later included in the 1997 anthology albumBefore The Dream Fadedwith their own tune.
  • Paul Robesonrecorded the song as "The Little Dead Girl" with another translation.

The song was later covered by

Nâzım Hikmet's children's tale, "Sevdalı Bulut" (A Cloud in Love), has been translated into English by Evrim Emir-Sayers fordePICTions,the annual critical review of the Paris Institute for Critical Thinking (PICT). The translation is open-access.[41]

Japanese

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In 2005, famousAmami ŌshimasingerChitose Hajimecollaborated withRyuichi Sakamotoby translating "Kız Çocuğu" into Japanese, retitling itShinda Onna no Ko[Chết んだ nữ の tử] "A dead girl" ). It was performed live at theAtomic Bomb Domein Hiroshima on the eve of the 60th Anniversary (5 August 2005) ofAtomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.The song later appeared as a bonus track on Chitose's albumHanadairoin 2006.

Nepali

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Some of Nâzım's poems are translated intoNepalibySuman Pokhreland are published in print and online literary journals.[42][43]

Spanish

Spanishavant-gardegroup Aguaviva covered it in 1971 asNiña de Hiroshima.

On the soldier worth 23 cents

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How do you propose to get it? Do you want to get it through the cooperation of Turkey where the men in the ranks get 23centsa month the first year and 32 cents the second year, or do you want to get an American division and equip it and send it over to Turkey which would cost you 10 times as much?

— John Foster Dulles, U.S. Secretary of State, 1955

He also opposed theKorean War,in which Turkey participated. After the Senate address ofJohn Foster Dulles,who served asU.S. Secretary of Stateunder PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower,where he valued Turkish soldiers at 23 cents a month[44]compared with the lowest echelon U.S. soldiers at $70,[45]Nazım Hikmet Ran wrote a protest poem criticising the policies of the United States. This poem is titled"23 Sentlik Askere Dair"(On the soldier worth 23 cents).

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  • Nâzım's poem "We'll Give the Globe to the Children" was set to music in 1979 by Russian composerDavid Tukhmanov.[46]
  • Tale of Talesis a Russian animated film (1979) partially inspired by Hikmet's poem of the same name.
  • Finnish bandUltra Brarecorded a song"Lähettäkää minulle kirjoja"( "Send me books" )[47]based on a translated excerpt of Hikmet's poem "Rubai".[48][49]
  • The Ignorant Fairiesis a 2001 Italian film, in which a book by Hikmet plays a central plot role. This is reprised in the 2022TV serialization of the film.
  • Mavi Gözlü Dev(Blue Eyed Giant) is a 2007 Turkish biographical film about Nazım Hikmet. The title is a reference to the poemMinnacık Kadın ve Hanımelleri.The film chronicles Nazim Hikmet's imprisonment at Bursa Prison and his relationships with his wife Piraye and his translator and loverMünevver Andaç.He is played byYetkin Dikinciler.
  • Hikmet's poem was quoted in the 2012 Korean dramaCheongdam-dong Alice.
  • In the grand-strategy video game "Hearts of Iron IV",Nazim Hikmet is available to hire in a" Revolutionary Poet "ministerial position forTurkey,boosting daily communism support.
  • The video gameSuzerainopens with a quote from Hikmet, and the character Bernard Circas is based on him. The game has elements inspired by modern Turkish history.
  • Nâzım Hikmet's children's tale, "A Cloud in Love," was adapted into an animated short film in the Soviet Union in 1959[50]and into a children's opera by the Greek National Opera in 2022.[51]The tale was translated into English by Evrim Emir-Sayers fordePICTions,the open-access annual critical review of the Paris Institute for Critical Thinking (PICT), in 2023.[41]

Bibliography

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Plays

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  • Kafatası(1932,The Skull)
  • Unutulan Adam(1935,The Forgotten Man)
  • Ferhad ile Şirin1965 (Ferhad and Şirin)
  • Lüküs Hayat(Luxurious Living) (asghostwriter)

Ballet libretto

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Novels

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  • Yaşamak Güzel Şey Be Kardeşim(1967,Life's Good, Brother)
  • Kan Konuşmaz(1965,Blood Doesn't Tell)

Poems

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  • "Taranta-Babu'ya Mektuplar"(1935, "Letters to Taranta-Babu" )
  • "Simavne Kadısı Oğlu Şeyh Bedreddin Destanı"(1936, "The Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin" )
  • "Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları"(1966–67, "Human Landscapes from My Country" )
  • "Kurtuluş Savaşı Destanı"(1965, "The Epic of the War of Independence" )

Poetry

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  • İlk şiirler/ Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi, 2002.ISBN975-08-0380-9
  • 835 satır/ Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul: YKY, 2002.ISBN975-08-0373-6
  • Benerci kendini niçin öldürdü?/ Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul: YKY, 2002.ISBN975-08-0374-4
  • Kuvâyi Milliye/ Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul: YKY, 2002.ISBN975-08-0375-2
  • Yatar Bursa Kalesinde/ Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul: YKY, 2002.ISBN975-08-0376-0
  • Memleketimden insan manzaraları:(insan manzaraları) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul: YKY, 2002.ISBN975-08-0377-9
  • Yeni şiirler:(1951–1959) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2002.ISBN975-08-0378-7
  • on şiirleri:(1959–1963) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2002.ISBN975-08-0379-5

Partial list of translated works in English

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  • Selected Poems/ Nâzim Hikmet; done into English by Taner Baybars. London, Cape Editions, 1967.
  • The Moscow Symphony and Other Poems/ translated into English by Taner Baybars. Chicago: Swallow Press, 1971.
  • The day before tomorrow: poems/ translated into English by Taner Baybars.South Hinksey,England: Carcanet Press, 1972.ISBN0-902145-43-6
  • That Wall/ Nâzım Hikmet; illustrations [by] Maureen Scott, London: League of Socialist Artists, 1973.ISBN0-9502976-2-3
  • Things I didn't know I loved: selected poems/ Nâzim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing &Mutlu Konuk.New York: Persea Books, 1975.ISBN0-89255-000-7
  • Human Landscapes/ by Nazim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk; foreword by Denise Levertov, New York: Persea Books, c1982.ISBN0-89255-068-6
  • Selected poetry/ Nazim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk, New York: Persea Books, c1986.ISBN0-89255-101-1
  • Poems of Nazim Hikmet,trans. Randy Blasing & Mutlu Konuk. New York: Persea Books, 1994 (revised 2nd ed., 2002).
  • Beyond the walls: selected poems/ Nâzim Hikmet; translated by Ruth Christie, Richard McKane, Talât Sait Halman; introduction by Talât Sait Halman, London: Anvil Press Poetry, 2002.ISBN0-85646-329-9
  • Life's Good, Brother/ Nâzım Hikmet; translated by Mutlu Konuk Blasing, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2013.ISBN978-0892554188
  • "A Cloud in Love" / Nâzım Hikmet; translated by Evrim Emir-Sayers,dePICTionsvolume 3: Critical Ecologies (2023), Paris Institute for Critical Thinking (open-access).[41]

Partial list of translated works in other languages

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  • Poesie/ Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans.), Newton Compton, 2010.ISBN978-88-541-2027-3
  • La conga con Fidel/ Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans.), Fahrenheit 451, 2005.ISBN978-88-86095-89-1
  • Il nuvolo innamorato e altre fiabe/ Nâzım Hikmet, Giampiero Bellingeri (Trans.), F. Negrin (Illustrator), Mondadori, 2003.ISBN978-8804524892
  • De mooiste van Hikmet/ Nâzım Hikmet, Koen Stassijns & Ivo van Strijtem (ed.), Perihan Eydemir & Joris Iven (Trans.), Lannoo | Atlas, 2003.ISBN90-209-5266-8
  • Poesie d'amore/ Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans.), Mondadori, 2002.ISBN978-88-04-50091-9
  • Il neige dans la nuit et autres poèmes/ Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans.), Güzin Dino (Trans.), Gallimard, 1999.ISBN978-20-70329-63-2
  • Preso na Fortaleza de Bursa/Yatar Bursa Kalesinde,Leonardo da Fonseca (Trans.), In. (n.t.)Revista Literária em Tradução nº 1(set/2010), Fpolis/Brasil,ISSN2177-5141[52]
  • Vita del poeta/ Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans.), Cattedrale, 2008.ISBN978-88-95449-15-9
  • Paesaggi umani/ Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans.), Fahrenheit 451, 1992.ISBN978-88-86095-00-6
  • Gran bella cosa è vivere, miei cari/ Nâzım Hikmet, F. Beltrami (Trans.), Mondadori, 2010.ISBN978-88-04603-22-1
  • Poesie d'amore e di lotta/ Nâzım Hikmet, G. Bellingeri (Editor), F. Beltrami (Trans.), F. Boraldo (Trans.), Mondadori, 2013.ISBN978-88-04-62713-5
  • Les Romantiques (La vie est belle, mon vieux)/ Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans.), Temps Actuels, 1982.ISBN978-22-01015-75-5
  • La Joconde et Si-Ya-Ou/ Nâzım Hikmet, Abidine Dino (Trans.), Parangon, 2004.ISBN978-28-41901-14-2
  • Pourquoi Benerdji s'est-il suicidé?/ Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans.), Aden Editions, 2005.ISBN978-29-30402-12-3
  • Le nuage amoureux/ Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans.), Gallimard Jeunesse Giboulées, 2013.ISBN978-20-70648-89-4
  • Últimos poemas I (1959–1960–1961)/ Nâzım Hikmet, Fernando García Burillo (Trans.), Ediciones Del Oriente Y Del Mediterráneo S.L., 2000.ISBN978-84-87198-60-1
  • Últimos poemas II (1962–1963): Poemas finales/ Nâzım Hikmet, Fernando García Burillo (Trans.), Ediciones Del Oriente Y Del Mediterráneo S.L., 2005.ISBN978-84-87198-75-5
  • Poezje wybrane/ Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans.), Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza, 1981.ISBN978-83-20533-75-0
  • Romantyczność/ Nâzım Hikmet, Aleksander Olecki (Trans.), Książka i Wiedza, 1965.
  • Allem-kallem: baśnie tureckie/ Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans.), Elżbieta Gaudasińska (Trans.), Nasza Księgarnia, 1985.ISBN831008515X
  • Zakochany obłok: baśń turecka/ Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans.), Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1987.ISBN978-83-03016-35-5
  • 나쥠 히크메트 시선집[Selected Poems of Nâzım Hikmet / Nâzım Hikmet] (in Korean (North Korea)). Translated by Paik, Sok; Chon, Chang-shik; Kim, Byong-wook. Pyongyang: National Press. Pyongyang. 1956.
  • Legenda o miłości. Opowieść o Turcji/ Nâzım Hikmet, Ewa Fiszer (Trans.), Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1954
  • Many of Hikmet's poems are translated intoNepalibySuman Pokhrel,and some are collected in an anthology tilled Manpareka Kehi Kavita.[53][54]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Nazım Hikmet'in doğum günü yanlış biliniyormuş"[Nazım Hikmet's birthday is known (to be) wrong] (in Turkish). 1 July 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 7 December 2013.Retrieved22 December2016.
  2. ^abZalega, Dariusz (13 July 2008)."Zalega - Pióro jak dynamit - lewica.pl"[Remains: Feather like dynamite].lewica.pl(in Polish). Polish Section of the Communist International (Stalinowsko-Hodżystowskiej).Archivedfrom the original on 15 July 2008.Retrieved10 October2022.
  3. ^ab"Nazim Hikmet - Turkish author".Britannica.29 May 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 3 July 2022.Retrieved10 October2022.
  4. ^ab"NÂZIM HİKMET".Archived fromthe originalon 19 March 2007.Retrieved22 December2016.Note: 403 Forbidden error received 10 October 2022.
  5. ^abcSelected poems, Nazim Hikmet translated by Ruth Christie, Richard McKane, Talat Sait Halman, Anvil press Poetry, 2002, p.9ISBN0-85646-329-9,9780856463297OCLC49356123
  6. ^abcSaime Goksu, Edward Timms,Romantic Communist: The Life and Work of Nazim Hikmet,St. Martin's Press, New YorkISBN0-312-22247-5,9780312222475OCLC40417757
  7. ^"Vera tulyakova hikmet nazım la son söyleşimiz".issuu.Hüseyin Şenol.Retrieved2 May2015.[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^Hikmet, Vera Tulyakova (1989).Nâzımʾla söyleşi[Interview with Nâzım] (in Turkish). Istanbul: Cem Yayınevi. p. 257.ISBN9789754060737.OCLC21231691.
  9. ^Akgül, Hikmet (2002).Nâzım Hikmet: siyasi biyografi[Nâzım Hikmet: political biography] (in Turkish). Istanbul: Çiviyazilari. p. 50.ISBN9789758663187.OCLC50540950– via Google Books.
  10. ^Gündem, Mehmet (6 October 2004)."Atatürk'ü Samsun'da koruyanlar Çerkez'di".Milliyet(in Turkish). Istanbul.Retrieved2 May2015.
  11. ^abGuillet, Marc (15 January 2012)."Nâzım Hikmet's Tea Garden in Kadıköy".Enjoy-Istanbul.Retrieved2 May2015.
  12. ^Tulyakova Hikmet, Vera (1989).Nâzım'la Söyleşi(in Turkish). Translated byBehramoğlu, Ataol.Cem Yayınevi.
  13. ^Kalyoncu, Cemal A. (12 September 2005)."Atatürk ile Paşaların arasını açmak istediler"[Desired to drive a wedge between Atatürk and pashas].Aksiyon(in Turkish). Istanbul:Feza Publications.Archived fromthe originalon 29 November 2014.Retrieved2 May2015.
  14. ^Çilek, Özgür (18 February 2001)."Nâzım'ın gen haritası"[Nâzım’s gene map].Hürriyet(in Turkish). Istanbul.Retrieved2 May2015.
  15. ^Blasing, Mutlu Konuk (2010)."Nazim Hikmet and Ezra Pound:" To Confess Wrong without Losing Rightness "".Journal of Modern Literature.33(2): 8.doi:10.2979/jml.2010.33.2.1.ISSN0022-281X.JSTOR10.2979/jml.2010.33.2.1.S2CID162349806.
  16. ^mphillips (22 September 2015)."Poetry's Place in the History of Banned Books".Poetry's Place in the History of Banned Books.Retrieved30 January2019.
  17. ^abcd"Nazım Hikmet".Ministry of Culture.Retrieved7 February2010.
  18. ^"Life Story -5".Nazım Hikmet Ran. Archived fromthe originalon 6 October 2008.Retrieved7 February2010.
  19. ^Nazim Hikmet. 1951.Secilmis siirler[Selected Poems] (translated by Ludmil Stoyanof Людмил Стоянов). Sofia: BKP
  20. ^Назъм Хикмет Nazim Hikmet. 1952. Стихотворения Stikhotvoreniia [Poems] (translated by Nikolai Tsonev Николай Цонев). Sofia: Bulgarski pisatel
  21. ^Kamilef, H [Кямилев, X]. 1953.Nazim Hikmet - hurriyet ve baris sarkicisi[Nazim Hikmet: A Singer of Liberty and Peace] (translated from the Bulgarian into Turkish by Suleyman Hafizoglu). Sofia: BKP; Кямилев, Х. [Kiamilev, Kh]. 1953.Назъм Хикмет, певец на свободата и мираNazim Khikmet, pevets na svobadata i mira [Nazim Hikmet: A Singer of Liberty and Peace] (translated from the Russian into Bulgarian by Кругер Милованов Krugev Milovanov]. Sofia: BKP.
  22. ^Димитрова, Блага Николова [Dimitrova, Blaga Nikolova]. 1952.Назъм Хикмет в България: ПътеписNazim Khikmet v Bulgariia: Putepis [Nazim Hikmet in Bulgaria: Travels]. Sofia: Bulgarski pisatel; Dimitrova, Blaga [Димитрова, Блага]. 1955.Nazim Hikmet Bulgaristanda: Yolculuk notlari[Nazim Hikmet in Bulgaria: Travel Notes] (translated from the Bulgarian into Turkish by Huseyin Karahasan. Sofia: Naorodna prosveta.
  23. ^Kostanick, Huey. 1957.Turkish resettlement of Bulgarian Turks, 1950–1953(Ser: University of California Publications in Geography, Vol 8, No 2). Berkeley: University of California Press
  24. ^Greek newspaperI Avgi,17 January 1955 andPhileleftheros,31 March 2007:

    Nâzım sent a message to the Turks of Cyprus emphasizing that Cyprus was always Greek. [...] (The Turkish Cypriots) must support the Greek Cypriots' struggle for liberation from British imperialism. [...] Only when the British imperialists leave the island will its Turkish residents be truly free. [...] Those who encourage Turks to oppose Greeks actually only support the interest of the foreign ruler.

  25. ^"Bloody Truth pg.218"(PDF).Movement For Justice And Freedom in Cyprus.
  26. ^Hürsöz newspaper(in Turkish). 28 August 1951.Berlin Solcu Gençlik Festivali münasebetiyle Stalin uşağı komünist şair Nazım Hikmet, Kıbrıslılara şu mesajı göndermektedir: 'Kıbrıslı Rum ve Türk kardeşlerim! Aynı güzel adanın insanlarısınız! Adanızı İngiliz boyunduruğundan uzak tutunuz. Türk, Rum, Kıbrıslı kardeşlerim- hepiniz el ele vererek Kıbrısın hürriyetini kazanmak için mücadele ediniz.' (Bu Türk vatandaşlığından iskat edilen Stalin uşağı, Kıbrıs'ın hürriyetini adanın Yunanistan'a ilhakında mı buluyor. Yazıklar olsun!.) Bir basın toplantısında komünist şair 17 sene zındanda kaldığını -ne bir casus ve ne de vatanın bir düşmanı olduğunu; kendi halkını sevdiği için onun ekmeğini ve suyunu temin etmek hususunda mücadele ettiğini ve kendisini bu sebepten dolayı hapsettiklerini söylemiştir… Berlinde solcu gençler festivalinde aynı gazetenin bildirdiğine göre, Kıbrıs'ın Yunanistan'a ilhakı için temennilerde bulunulmuştur.{{cite news}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  27. ^Alasya, H. Fikret (9 October 1951). "Veyl kızıl şaire".Halkın Sesi newspaper(in Turkish).Kızıl uşak Nazım Hikmet Kızıl cennete göçtükten ve Türkiye Cumhuriyet Hükümeti tarafından vatandaşlıktan iskat edildikten sonra Kıbrıslılara 'Kıbrıslı Rum ve Türk kardeşlerim' diye başlayan bir mektup göndermiş ve Rumlarla Türkleri isyana teşvik etmiştir… Kıbrıs'ın 1571'de Türkler tarafından zaptını müteakip Türkiye'nin muhtelif vilayetlerinden Kıbrıs'a mecburi göç ettirilen 5720 hane halkı ile Kıbrıs seferine iştirak eden gazilerle Türkiye'den gönderilen kızların evlenip yuva kurmaları ile ortaya çıkan Türk nüfusu, bu tarihten itibaren Anavatanın bütün hareketlerini adım adım takip etmiştir… bir Kızılın sözlerine kıymet verecek kadar şuursuz ve milliyetsiz değildir… Onun bu hitabına Komünist Rum yoldaşları bir işaret olarak bakabilirler ve belki buna göre hareket tarzlarını tanzim edebilirler fakat Türkler asla!…
  28. ^"Nazim Hikmet".Retrieved22 December2016.
  29. ^Nâzım Hikmet. 1967-1972.Bütün eserleri[Collected Works] (8 vols, edited by Ekber Babaef {Babaev}, illustrated by Abidin Dino). Sofia: Narodna prosveta. OCLC Number: 84081921.
  30. ^"Nazım'la ilgili girişim iade-i itibar değil".CNN Türk(in Turkish). 10 January 2009.Retrieved11 January2009.
  31. ^"Nazım Hikmet Ran'ın Türk Vatandaşlığından Çıkarılmasına İlişkin 25/7/1951 Tarihli ve 3/13401 Sayılı Bakanlar Kurulu Kararının Yürürlükten Kaldırılması Hakkında Karar"(Press release) (in Turkish). Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü. 10 January 2009. 2009/14540.Retrieved11 January2009.
  32. ^"Nazım yeniden Türk vatandaşı oluyor".Radikal(in Turkish). 5 January 2009.Retrieved5 January2009.
  33. ^"İbrahim Balaban celebrates six decades of art in latest exhibition".Today's Zaman.13 January 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 3 May 2014.Retrieved2 May2014.
  34. ^Genç, Türkan (8 April 2012)."Bursa: Tarihin İçinde Zamanın Ötesinde - Şair Baba Nazım'ın Köylü Ressamı: İbrahim Babaan"(in Turkish). Time Out Bursa.Retrieved2 May2014.
  35. ^"Talking History".Retrieved22 December2016.
  36. ^Fazil Say: Kız CocuğuonYouTube
  37. ^"stixoi.info: Πολιτικά τραγούδια ( δίσκος @ 1975 )".stixoi.info.Retrieved13 January2023.
  38. ^Seeger describes the story behind his version of the song in hisWhere Have All the Flowers Gone: A Singer's Stories, Songs, Seeds, Robberies (A Musical Autobiography)(1993): "In the late '50s I got a letter: 'Dear Pete Seeger: I've made what I think is a singable translation of a poem by the Turkish poet, Nazim Hikmet. Do you think you could make a tune for it? (Signed), Jeanette Turner.' I tried for a week. Failed. Meanwhile, I couldn't get out of my head an extraordinary melody put together by a Massachusetts Institute of Technology student who had put a new tune to a mystical ballad The Great Silkie from the Shetland Islands north of Scotland. Without his permission I used his melody for Hikmet's words. It was wrong of me. I should have gotten his permission. But it worked. The Byrds made a good recording of it, electric guitars and all."
  39. ^"Pete Seeger Marks 68th Anniversary of Hiroshima Bombing By Singing..."YouTube.9 August 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 12 December 2021.Retrieved20 September2013.
  40. ^"Harvey Andrews – Harvey Andrews (1965, Vinyl)".Discogs.Retrieved12 April2020.
  41. ^abcHikmet, Nazim (28 June 2023)."A Cloud in Love".parisinstitute.org.Translated by Evrim Emir-Sayers. Paris Institute for Critical Thinking.Retrieved9 August2023.
  42. ^Hikmet, Nazim(April 2015), Momila (ed.), "हृदयरोग (Angina Pectoris)",Kalashree,5(5), translated bySuman Pokhrel,Kathmandu, Nepal: Nepali Kala Sahitya Dot Com Pratisthan: 352
  43. ^Hikmet, Nazim (22 October 2016)."मैले थाहा नपाएका मलाई मनपर्ने चिजहरू (Things I Didn'T Know I Loved)".setopati.Translated bySuman Pokhrel.सेतोपाटी. Archived fromthe originalon 18 April 2018.Retrieved6 August2017.
  44. ^United States Congress.Senate Committee on Appropriations (1955).Legislative-judiciary Appropriations.U.S. Govt. Print. Off. p. 87.
  45. ^United States Congress,Committee on Foreign Relations(1951).Mutual Security Act of 1951.U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 60.
  46. ^Sofia Rotaru and children's chorus — We'll Give the Globe to the ChildrenonYouTube
  47. ^"Ultra Bra - Works - MusicBrainz".
  48. ^"Mnemosyne's Memes".
  49. ^"Juha Siro - Mitä tapahtuu todella - Kirjallisuus- ja kulttuuriblogi » Hirsipuussa vastustajat hiljenee".
  50. ^Hikmet, Nazim."A Cloud in Love".imdb.Retrieved9 August2023.
  51. ^Hikmet, Nazim."A Cloud in Love".nationalopera.gr.Retrieved9 August2023.
  52. ^"(n.t.) Revista Literária em Tradução - Edições"(in Portuguese).Retrieved22 December2016.
  53. ^Akhmatova, Anna;Świrszczyńska, Anna;Ginsberg, Allen;Agustini, Delmira;Farrokhzad, Forough;Mistral, Gabriela;Jacques, Jacques;Mahmoud, Mahmoud;Al-Malaika, Nazik;Hikmet, Nazim;Qabbani, Nizar;Paz, Octavio;Neruda, Pablo;Plath, Sylvia;Amichai, Yehuda(2018).Manpareka Kehi Kavitaमनपरेका केही कविता[Some Poems of My Choice] (in Nepali). Translated byPokhrel, Suman(First ed.). Kathmandu: Shikha Books. p. 174.
  54. ^Tripathi, Geeta (2018).अनुवादमा 'मनपरेका केही कविता'[Manpareka Kehi Kavita in Translation]. Kalashree. pp. 358–359.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|url=(help)
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