TheNāgarī scriptorNorthern Nagari[7]is the ancestor ofDevanagari,Nandinagariand other variants, and was first used to writePrakritandSanskrit.The term is sometimes used as a synonym for Devanagari script.[8][9]It came in vogue during the first millennium CE.[10]
Nāgarī | |
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Script type | |
Time period | 7th century CE |
Languages | |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | |
Sister systems | Bengali-Assamese script,Odia script,[2]Nepalese |
The Nāgarī script has roots in the ancient Brahmi script family.[9]The Nāgarī script was in regular use by 7th century CE, and had fully evolved into Devanagari and Nandinagari scripts by about the end of first millennium of the common era.[8][11][12]
Etymology
editNagari is avṛddhiderivation fromनगर(nagara), which means city.[13]
Origins
editThe Nāgarī script appeared inancient Indiaas a central-eastern variant of theGupta script(whereasŚāradāwas the western variety andSiddhamwas the far eastern variety). In turn it branched off into several scripts, such as Devanagari and Nandinagari.[citation needed]
Usage outside India
editThe 7th century Tibetan kingSongtsen Gampoordered that all foreign books be transcribed into the Tibetan language, and sent his ambassador Tonmi Sambota to India to acquire Alpha betic and writing methods, who returned with a Sanskrit Nāgarī script from Kashmir corresponding to twenty-four (24) Tibetan sounds and innovating new symbols for six (6) local sounds.[14]
The museum in Mrauk-u (Mrohaung) in theRakhine stateofMyanmarheld in 1972 two examples of Nāgarī script. ArchaeologistAung Thawdescribes these inscriptions, associated with theChandra, or Candra,dynasty that first hailed from the ancient Indian city ofVesáli:[15]
... epigraphs in mixed Sanskrit and Pali in North-eastern Nāgarī script of the 6th century dedicated by [Queen] Niti Candra and [King] Vira Candra
— Aung Thaw,Historical sites in Burma (1972)
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Coppern plates in Nāgarī script, 1035 CE
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Nagari Script 01
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Nagari Script 02
See also
editReferences
edit- ^https://archive.org/details/epigraphyindianepigraphyrichardsalmonoup_908_D/mode/2up,p39-41[dead link]
- ^abHandbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride(2019),p.27
- ^Daniels, P.T. (January 2008). "Writing systems of major and minor languages".
{{cite journal}}
:Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^Masica, Colin (1993).The Indo-Aryan languages.p. 143.
- ^Richard Salomon (1992), Indian Epigraphy, Oxford University Press, p. 81
- ^D.R. Sahni (1911),Sahet-Mahet plate of Govinda Chandra Samvat 1186,Epigraphia Indica, Volume XI, pp. 20–26
- ^Tripathi, Kunjabihari (1962).The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script.Utkal University. p. 28.Retrieved21 March2021.
Northern Nāgarī (almost identical with modern Nagari)
- ^abKathleen Kuiper (2010), The Culture of India, New York: The Rosen Publishing Group,ISBN978-1615301492,page 83
- ^abGeorge Cardona and Danesh Jain (2003), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge,ISBN978-0415772945,pages 68-69
- ^"Devanagari through the ages".India Central Hindi Directorate (Instituut voor Toegepaste Sociologie te Nijmegen).University of California. 1967.
{{cite book}}
:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Richard Salomon (2014), Indian Epigraphy, Oxford University Press,ISBN978-0195356663,pages 33-47
- ^Pandey, Anshuman. (2017).Final proposal to encode Nandinagari in Unicode.
- ^Monier Williams Online Dictionary,nagara,Cologne Sanskrit Digital Lexicon, Germany
- ^William Woodville Rockhill,Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution,p. 671, atGoogle Books,United States National Museum, page 671
- ^Aung Thaw(1972).Historical sites in Burma.Rangoon: Ministry of Union Culture, Government of the Union of Burma.OCLC65722346.