The New Zealandhippiemovement was part of an international phenomenon in the 1960s and 1970s in theWestern world,heralding a new artistic culture of music,freedomandsocial revolutionwhere millions of young people across the globe were reacting against old world antecedents and embracing a newhippieethos. Specifically New Zealand'ssubculturehad its foundations in the peace and anti-nuclear activism of the 1960s where hippies were actively trying to stop New Zealand's involvement in theVietnam warand to prevent the French from testingnuclear weaponsatMururoaatoll inFrench Polynesiain thePacific Islands.
The January 1979 three-day music and alternatives festival, held overAucklandanniversary weekend, attracted over 75,000 patrons making it the largest arts, multiple cultural and popular music event of its type in the world.[1]
1978 January. Nambassa three-day music, crafts and alternative lifestyles festival on Phil and Pat Hulses' 400-acre (1.6 km2) farm in Golden Valley, north of Waihi. Attendance 25,000.
1979 January. Nambassa three-day music, crafts and alternative lifestyles festival on Phil and Pat Hulses' 400-acre (1.6 km2) farm in Golden Valley, north of Waihi. Attendance 75,000 plus.
1981 January. Nambassa five-day celebration of music, crafts and alternative lifestyles culture on a 250-acre (1.0 km2) farm at Waitawheta Valley between Waihi and Waikino. Attendance 15,000 – well down on the 1979 festival. Reacting against the huge 1979 event which was deemed by many of the counterculture movement too large and not reflective of the alternative message, the organizers purposely ran this festival on the same weekend as a major commercial rock concert. While this event lost money, it dramatically changed its character away from rock music towards hippie and New Age culture.[2]
The Plague,Nambassa 1979 and 1981. Performed naked but covered in paint in 1979.
Mahana.A travellingMāoritheatrical rock band whoserock operadepicts the trials and tribulations of early white colonisation of New Zealand. Showcased at theNambassa Winter Show1978 and the Nambassa festivals 1978, 1979 and 1981. Produced by John Tucker.
Stephen Gaskin,Nambassa 1978, 1979 and 1981. Co-founder of "The Farm",an internationally knownspiritualcommunity in Summertown,Tennessee.Stephen Gaskin was aGreen Partypresidential primary candidate in the US elections of 2000. He and wifeIna May Gaskin,plus other farm residents, made the annual pilgrimage to Nambassa.
Swami Satchidananda,Nambassa 1979. Known among the 1960s counterculture as the man who opened the originalWoodstock festivalof 1969, and as the sage from India who introduced the art ofYogato the west.
Ina May Gaskin,Nambassa 1978 and 1981. Widely credited with having created the modernhome birthmovement and helping to inspire the renaissance ofmidwiferyin the United States.
Richard Alpert,aka Baba Ram Dass, Nambassa 1981. Richard Alpert was a professor ofpsychologyatHarvard Universitywho became well known for researching the effects ofLSD,working closely with Dr.Timothy Leary.At Nambassa there was standing room only for Ram Dass' diverse lecturers on meditation and health.
ChiefOren Lyons,Nambassa 1981. Lyons is a Native American, a traditional faithkeeper of the Turtle Clan of theOnondaga (tribe)Council of Chiefs of theHau de no sau nee.He conducted lectures and coordinated with Māoriland rightsactivists, sharing his Native American land rights experiences.[10]
Jim Cairns,Nambassa 1981. Former deputyPrime Minister of Australiaand Labor Treasurer in the Australian government who opposed Australia's involvement in theVietnam Warand in 1970 led a protest against the war. He resigned from parliament in 1977 to devote his life to thecounter-culturalmovement.
TheTwin Oaks Communityeco community fromLouisa County, Virginiasent a delegation of six people to the 1981 Nambassa five-day celebration. Their workshop contributions were well received.
Eva Rickard,Nambassa 1979. Vocal agitator for return ofRaglangolf course land to the Tainui Awhiro people from whom it was taken during World War II. Gave a number of powerful lectures, on aerial railway and the main stage. Nambassa is sympathetic towards manyindigenousMāori land claims.[11]
Tim Shadbolt,Nambassa 1978, 1979 and 1981. Political activist and workshop participant. In the 1970s, he founded a commune and concrete cooperative at Huia. He wrote an autobiography,Bullshit and Jellybeans.
The notion for education-based workshops and displays developed out of a philosophical view; that the world was heading towards difficult times and that people needed to learn how to become more self-sufficient so that they would be less reliant on a system unable to provide spiritual and survivalist needs.[1]
Humanity has become a cold, hard crust upon the face of the earth through which nothing can pass. At the moment we are doing this planet no good.
The earth creates us out of herself and of herself. We are the very flower of all her produce and she makes us for a very special purpose. That purpose which we are not fulfilling is to feed back into the earth through ourselves that 'Nectar' from the gods out there.
The earth is starving and dying for want of spirit food. Great powers of this food are drawn when all hearts come together in joy, relaxed happiness and nature- like conditions, enhanced by singing, music and above all love.
This festival is unique from its very inception.
It is willed through godliness. At this special time, on this special place, the Eden of New Zealand, the earth will be momentarily replenished.
Miracle conditions will be created so that spirit can, and will, flow threw the hearts of this angelic generation in order to 'Christ' the earth. This is one of the great duties of humankind, what his people are about to do, in the heart centre of 'NAMBASSA'.... New Zealand.....'
The following extracts are taken from the first 1976 "Nambassa Sun" newsletter proposal, in support of theirsurvivalistworkshopsonself sufficiencyand to heal the body and the mind.[13]
There can be no doubt we are living in confusing times. The social pressures alone are enough to start one thinking about living an alternative lifestyle. Already many people are leaving the cities to live on the land, simply because they can no longer afford the costs of urban life.
Let us take a look at city life, the frantic rush and bustle on the streets, all that traffic and factories with all their pollution, noise and waste, and cynical exploitation by big business. And where are you? In the midst of the frenzied grime, paying high rent or struggling to cope with mortgage payments. Food and heating costs have rocketed, and we know they can only go up. You are working as many hours as you can to pay for city life, with little time for leisure, even less time to get to know your children, or to spend a few days with friends. Altogether it's a vicious circle, a struggle for survival, with no time to think and be oneself. No wonder that crime is on the increase and mental institutions are overcrowded. If you haven't fallen victim to one of these social ills, then you could be facing a coronary in your efforts to maintain the pace.
We are using up our natural resources at an ever increasing rate and they are not going to last for ever. In fact we are abusing our planet woefully. Mother earth will not tolerate this continued rape, and is groaning under the burden of unenlightened man. Consider this and ask yourself, "Is this a natural way of life, is this how we were meant to live?" In all truth we have entered a depression, and are fast reaching a stage, not only of economic collapse, but a point where our very survival is threatened. Now, more than ever before, there is a need and a growing desire for people to learn to live outside the collapsing economic and social system, with its greed and avarice, and it's denial of individuality.
The Nambassa festivals were not only music and entertainment events but included educational components which sought to instruct people on lifestyle aids it felt important enough to promote within the then conservative society of New Zealand's 1970s. Many of those involved in Nambassa aspired to the notion that throughout the evolution of westerncivilisation,many valuableancientsurvival,healingandspiritualtechniques, had been lost over 1700 years of a philosophically and culturally dominatingRoman Christianity.[15]Nambassa advocates that many past civilisations supporting religious and political institutions, have historically sought to alienate, and too often violently eliminate, many worthwhile belief systems which did not conform to its then strict conservativedoctrineson culture and religion.[16]Adherents of Nambassa promote the ideology which suggests that, to deny what was once integral to survival inancient history,is essentially to deny one's personalspiritualdevelopment. Through its wide variety of workshop subjects, the festivals attempted to nurture a better understanding of culture andspiritualitywith the goal of fostering a more tolerant and better informed society.[17]
A health workshop at Nambassa 1978
The idea of integrating education basedworkshopdemonstrations with popular mainstream entertainment, set the Nambassa festivals aside from other festivals coming before it. It was during thesocial revolutionof the early 1960s and 1970s[18]that Nambassa pioneered the concept, and was a world leader, in what was to evolve as a new format of presentation for the all encompassing major cultural, creative arts andmusic festivals.Most large open-air entertainment gatherings, prior to Nambassa, were essentially pop concerts. This new format demonstrated the merits of combining, in a complementary way, multiple and diverse entertainment and cultural modules, within the one grand celebratory event. During the 1970s, the Nambassa Trust developed this concept of large scale multidimensional events, which the rest of the world only began adopting some 20 years later.[19]
While the 1960s and 1970shippymovements were, and continue to be, unfairly derided
[20]for their infatuation with rediscovering ancient religion and culture, many of these re-birthing systems are now part of mainstream ideology.[21]
1981 10,000 Nambassadors join for worldpeaceNambassa 1981, awood gasproducer at the Alternative Energy Centre.
At all festivals there was a smorgasbord of spiritual and religious learning. Here the public could venture to various Healing Arts areas and attend either a bible study course, or chant spiritual names with the Buddhists and Hare Krishnas, or sing and pray with Christians, or attend Sunday mass with the Catholics or learn how to meditate with Ananda Marga or find out the meaning of Karma from the Hindus. The policy of the Nambassa Trust was to attempt to create an ambiance which would dispel all religious factionalism, so that philosophical labels could dissipate enabling people of all religious persuasion to share in their most common fundamental of traits, their humanity. In maintaining Nambassa's nonsectarian and open door policy onreligious philosophy,workshops were conducted on:Hinduism,Hare Krishna,Bible scholarship andborn againChristianity,Roman Catholic Church,Judaism,Ananda Marga,Buddhism,Taoism,Islam,Krishna-Haribol,Sufism,Esoteric Christianity,shamanism,Wicca,andZen.[1]
At the centre of all Nambassa festivals lay the villagemarketplaces.These consisted of dozens of hand craft outlets andhealth foodeateries. Here the hustle and bustle, the exuberant colour and relaxed atmosphere, prevalent at the various Nambassa village marketplaces, was a feature. These centers of community are where one found the main information centre or where folks simply culminated just to absorb the diverse quirky celebratory ambiance. Over the various festivals the marketplaces evolved and became major attractions in themselves. Not only a space for the enjoyment ofbarteringfor the various eclectic products and oddities, but they were a place of fun and entertainment, spontaneous or otherwise. The idea of a marketplace servicing the local population, as a method of doing business, buying, selling and exchanging products, is as old as civilisation itself.
The 1981 festival village was designed around a central rotunda with amaypole,where spontaneously, poets,buskersand ravers alike featured. Nambassa vigorously promoted handcrafts, not only because of their therapeutic qualities, but because they had the potential to be a source of revenue to lifestyle proponents looking towards self-sufficiency and economic independence. From the festival village one could attend any number of craftworkshops,pick up a copy of the daily Nambassa Waves newspaper, go buy fresh bread cooked in thewood-fired ovenbakery constructed in a converted hay shed, go do some shopping, check out Radio Nambassaland, pick up some information from the mother centre, or just simply chill out and absorb the atmosphere.
1978 Peter Terry, Nambassa founder and events coordinator.
The multiple festival format which combinedCreative Arts,popular musicandmulticulturalismthat shaped the Nambassa festivals,[22]was conceived by Peter Terry while living in theWaikinocraft village during early 1976. January 1977 heralded theWaikino music festival,a prelude to Nambassa, which experimented with the concept of amalgamating into a singular festive event, controversial alternative culture with popular music. By February 1977 Lorraine Ward and Bernard Woods in an old restored farmhouse atop of rural Bulltown Rd inWaihi,assisted Terry to edit a blueprint for the Nambassa Trust and the first festival. The first Nambassanewsletterproposal was printed, ten thousand copies of a free 13-page manuscript outlining the model and need for a Nambassa event, were circulated among the music, arts and alternative communities throughout the nation, inviting the wider community to participate. The first Mother Centre was opened on a farm in Willow Road atWaihiearly November 1977, where the initial Nambassa support base and volunteers assembled to construct the festival facilities to accommodate a small city for the planned three-day music,craftsandalternative lifestyleevent which was to be held at the end of January 1978 on two farms at the end of Landlyst Waihi.
The Nambassa administration involved hundreds, to the extent that the 1981 five-day celebration gave out 1500 complimentary tickets to people and groups involved in the event in some official capacity. Those mainly responsible were: Peter Terry (Nambassa trustee, founder and events coordinator 1976–2005), Lorraine Ward (Nambassa secretary and trustee 1977–2005), Neil Wernham (art and graphics 1977–1981), Doug Rogers (music and staging technical adviser, 1976–1979), Fred Alder (Nambassa sun coordinator 1979, 1978 construction team, and former trustee 1978 and 1979), Bryce Lelievre (1981 festival secretary), Mike Taylor (communications and site coordinator 1978 and 1979), Jonathon Acorn (1981 Woozlebub coordinator), Chris Hegan (main stage manager), Murray Grey (assistant stage manager),Trevor Kotlowski (1981 goffa), Mike Colonna (children's facility coordinator 1978 and 1979), Colin Broadley (programing, Nambassa book coordinator and open-air theatre 1979–1981) and Barry Lowther, (Mother Centre father, 1978 and 1979).[citation needed]
The organising of the festivals and supporting events were themselves practical workshops in every sense. The Nambassa spectacles were organised on a purely voluntary basis by energetic and visionary young unemployed hippies (at a time when New Zealand's unemployment rate was at an unprecedented high), coordinated into a cohesive working force by Terry. Three months out of each festival its supporters would assemble at a farm community called the "Mother Centre", living in house trucks, vans, cars and tents. Nambassa's open door policy encouraged anyone of whatever race, creed or economic circumstance to join in, providing one met the basic rules of the Mother Centre camp. The guidelines were no alcohol or hard drugs, and vegetarian diet was supplied by the Trust. Participants were required to work each day towards the collective goal of preparing the festival in time for opening day. In exchange they were fed and had immediate needs catered for. Over the years thousands of people, young and old, carved out permanent careers from the inspiration learnt, just from being involved with or going to a Nambassa event.
Nambassa is administered not by private enterprise but through a registeredcharitable trustwhose articles list provisions and aims allowing it to organise public events to raise funds to meet objectives. Consequently, the organisation is nurtured by and for the people, as opposed to being driven bycorporateinterests looking to maximise profit. This effectively enabled the events organisers to set minimal entry fees, based upon projected profits, so that festivals were affordable to lower income people. For example, the 1979 festival entrance was $18 (pre-paid) for a three-day adult pass. Thetrusteeshave several times declined offers of corporate sponsorship because the products offered have not met the Trust's philosophical aims and objects. In the 1970s the Nambassa Trust donated $29,698 to other organisations which meet its criteria. All Nambassa events made a profit with the exception of Celebration 1981.[1]
Nambassa significantly expanded the concept of multiple open air staging, all running simultaneously at the one event. Out of the first 1978 three-day festival, the requirement of a second stage grew from the need to expand the entertainment program because of the resounding feedback from local performers and artists wanting to play at Nambassa. This became the "Aerial Railway", a second fully operational stage with sound, lighting and management. Aerial Railway absorbed the overflow of performers from the Main Stage, and also acted as a venue for spontaneous performances or raves. This second option was integral to the Nambassa philosophy of promoting local music and arts. Although theMiami Pop Festivalin December 1968 featured two simultaneous 'main' stages, most of the early U.S. and Europeanrock festivals,includingWoodstock festival,Monterey Pop FestivalandIsle of Wight Festivalwere predominantly single stage productions. The Nambassa 1978 festival had three stages; 1979 saw this expanded to four (including workshop stages), and the 1981 5-day celebration heralded five separate sound and lighting venues, all running at the same time. In 1981, "Aerial Railway" was replaced with the "Open Air Theatre" and "Woozlebub" for children. The multiple staging concepts seem to be finally making a comeback in the 21st century as seen at the recentBig Day OutandGlastonbury festivals.
The 1981 Nambassa 5-day event introduced "Radio Nambassaland". This broadcast live feeds from all the 5 stages and workshops, into the surrounding community.
Interesting occurrences from the Nambassa festivals
On a per-capita basis, the 1979 Nambassa festival was over 10 times bigger than the famous 1969Woodstock Festival.Swami Satchidananda,who also opened Woodstock ten years previously said, "This is better than Woodstock- you've got it made, lead the world".[23]
As Nambassa sought to demonstrate the practical ideals of alternative lifestyle, alcohol and meat could not be purchased at any Nambassa event. However, festival patrons were welcome to bring their own if they so desired.
On the Friday night before the 1979 festival was officially opened, the festival1981 Nambassa Village Marketattendance had already reached its maximum capacity. At 3 am Saturday morning Peter was on the phone negotiating paddocks from neighbouring farms, while Fred, Mike and Bernie were out in the dead of night with bolt cutters, removing fences to allow cars and campers into newly acquired festival acreage. By 11 am Saturday morning on opening day, the traffic police closed the festival, and were telling people to go home, announcing on radio that the event could accommodate no more patrons. They ordered the organizers to remove the entry gates to free the roads, as vehicles and pedestrians were banked up in all directions for some 20 kilometres. But still they arrived. Some 5 kilometres towards Waihi a tent city spontaneously arose on a neighbouring farm where approximately 15,000 people parked and then walked the final leg into the festival site. Others abandoned their vehicles in Waihi itself and made thepilgrimageto Nambassa on foot.[24]
Nuditywas a factor at all Nambassa festivals. In an atmosphere of openness and compellingspiritualflow, a sense of personal freedom and discovery prevailed and this led to a considerable amount of nudity in the most innocent sense. Thousands of people simply got naked and wandered the festivals with little or no clothing.
Due to post 1978 festival intimidation by the media concerning the public smoking ofmarijuanaat Nambassa, and whether the police were going to act on it in 1979, 58 people were arrested forcannabison the first day of Nambassa 1979. As a response, tens of thousands of festival goers marched up the hill of the mainauditoriumto the police compound, threatening to storm it if the arrests did not cease. Festival organiser Peter Terry arranged a meeting with the police principals and advised them that they had made their point. He told the police that they themselves had become the focus of disruption, threatening the peaceful outcome of the event. He advised the police that if the arrests continued then he too would join thecivil disobediencecampaign to have them removed from the festival site. The police discontinued their arrest policy. Peter Terry was advised that theNew Zealand Defence Forcehad been placed on standby as a precaution to any further protest directed at the police.[24]
Just a month out of the 1981 5-day celebration at Waitawheta Valley, the Ohinemuri Council sought, and were granted, a legalinjunctionwhich effectively cancelled the festival. This resulted from objections to the event from local Waitawhetafarmers.Once thered tapeandbureaucracywas negotiated to everyone's satisfaction, the injunction was lifted.1981 Nambassa Festival at Waitawheta Valley nearWaikino
The 1978 campaign to bringSplit Enzhome from England to play Nambassa 1979, was initially fraught with all kinds of complications. No one, includingMichael Gudinskiand hisMushroom Recordslabel, (Split Enz record company), would back the venture because the band had not fared overly well in the UK and had undergone significant member changes. After talks between Nambassa and Mushroom, (Peter Terry flew to Melbourne in an attempt to negotiate a deal), Michael Gudinski declined to assist financially with the proposed Nambassa venture. He said Mushroom had already lost considerable money on the band's UK adventure and was not in a position to invest further in their future. Gudinski, who Nambassa had dealt with the previous year with Skyhooks, instead offered a compromise without Split Enz, involving top Australian bands eager to play Nambassa. This was rejected by Nambassa organizers. The Trust wanted Split Enz, who they considered to be integral to the NZ music scene, or nothing. Nambassa eventually decided to negotiate directly with the band itself and ultimately financed the band's return. Split Enz performed for free at Nambassa 1979, forgoing their appearance fee so that they could return to New Zealand. In an eleventh hour deal Mushroom agreed to take the band from Nambassa and tour Australia, after which Mushroom Records subsequently released their hit single "I See Red"to coincide with their Nambassa appearance. When Split Enz played at 8.30 pm on Saturday night on 28 January 1979, their professional performance was widely regarded as having heralded a new and unprecedented era for the new band.[25]
Due to the huge volume of people who attended the Nambassa 3-day festival in 1979, the organizers were unable to get an accurate census of attendees, but have given estimates of 75,000 people. Some segments of the media, includingTelevision New Zealandwho were regularly flying over the festival, were quoting estimates as high as 150,000 people. This event became a free concert, because the police, unable to control the large volume of traffic which had closed all roads in a 20 kilometre radius, officially closed the event down mid-morning of the first day.
Space Angels in the 'Return of the Ancients', 1978 Nambassa Winter Show.
TheNambassa Winter Show with Mahanawas amusical theatricalproduction of 60 entertainers and crew who toured theNorth IslandofNew Zealandin a convoy ofMobile homes,buses and vans, performing at major centres and theatres throughout September and October 1978. While initially 4 main shows were scheduled for this collective theatre company, repeat and spontaneous performances around the nation saw this number of live performances increased to over 10. This theatrical extravaganza was organised by the Nambassa Trust as part of its national promotion of the arts and towards promoting its 1979 3-day music, crafts andAlternative lifestylefestival which was held inWaihiattracting 70,000 people.
Housetruckers are individuals, families and groups who convert old trucks andschool busesinto mobile-homes and live in them, preferring an unattached and transientgypsylifestyle to more conventional housing. These unique vehicles began appearing around New Zealand during the mid-1970s and even though there are fewer today they continue to adorn NZ roads.[1]
Nambassa Festival,a two-hour musical film documentary which had five crews working on it, New Zealand, 1980 The New Zealand Film Archive / Ngā Kaitiaki O Ngā Taonga Whitiāhua The film (50-minute version) was part of the New Zealand Film Commissions entry to the 1980Cannes Film Festival.Director/editor, Philip Howe. Production company: Nambassa Trust, Peter Terry and Dale Farnsworth.
"Enzology"Frenzy (1978–1979). Episode 5 of Radio New Zealand National's story of Split Enz. Frenzy (duration: 49′55″).[26]
Insight 79 – NambassaSound Archives/Nga Taonga Korero is New Zealand's foremost radio archive. This documentary is about the alternative lifestyles festival at Nambassa in January 1979. 70,000 people attended workshops covering such topics as religion, medicine, food, music, education, low cost housing, ham radio, wind energy, pottery etc. 29'00 ".[27]
Adouble albummade up of music, raves and comedy was recorded live from the main stage of the 1979 event and released throughout New Zealand as "Festival Music" (Stetson Records, 2SRLP12). This vinyl release featured Split Enz, Living Force, Flight 77, Chapman and White, Mahana, John Hore, Steve Tulloch, Plague, Chris Thompson, Schtung, Rick Steel, Tribrations, Nevil Purvis, Satchidananda, Gary McCormick, Andy Anderson. It was produced by Peter Terry, and re-recorded and mixed by Peter MacInnes and Dave Hurley atMandrill Studios,Auckland NZ.
Nambassa: A New Direction,edited by Colin Broadley and Judith Jones, A. H. & A. W. Reed, 1979. It records the huge three-day 1979 festival, with its 137 pages, 18 pages of full colour and 200 B&W photo images. Nambassa: Judith Jones: Source link.ISBN0-589-01216-9.
Nambassa Festival Newsletter 1edited by Peter Terry, Lorraine Ward and Bernard Woods. Published in 1976, 1977 and printed byGoldfields Press Ltd, Paeroa.
^abcdefgNambassa: A New Direction, edited by Colin Broadley and Judith Jones, A. H. & A. W. Reed, 1979.ISBN0-589-01216-9.
^Nambassa Newsletter "Waves (1980–1981)" Volume 1 & 2. Referenced: National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Matauranga O Aotearoa, Alexander Turnbull Library collections.
^Nambassa Newsletter (1976–1977)Volume 1, Issue 1. Referenced: National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Matauranga O Aotearoa, Alexander Turnbull Library collections.
^Nambassa Festival Newsletter 1 edited by Peter Terry, Lorraine Ward and Bernard Woods. Published in 1976, 1977 and printed byGoldfields Press Ltd, Paeroa.Archived6 February 2007 at theWayback MachineReferenced: National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Matauranga O Aotearoa, Alexander Turnbull Library collections.
^Nambassa Newsletter (1976–1977)Volume 1, Issue 1.Referenced: National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Matauranga O Aotearoa, Alexander Turnbull Library collections.
^The Dark Side of Christian History.Morningstar Books. 1 July 1995.ISBN0964487349– via Amazon.
^A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages Volume 1.Cosimo Classics. 1 December 2005.ISBN1596056193– via Amazon.
