TheNational Police Agency(Japanese:Cảnh sát sảnh,Hepburn:Keisatsu-chō)is the central coordinatinglaw enforcement agencyof theJapanese police system.Unlikenational policein other countries, the NPA does not have any operational units of its own aside from theImperial Guard;rather, it is responsible for supervising Japan's 47prefectural policedepartments and determining their general standards and policies, though it can command police agencies under it in national emergencies or large-scale disasters. It is under theNational Public Safety Commissionof theCabinet Office.[4]
| National Police Agency Cảnh sát sảnh Keisatsu-chō | |
|---|---|
 | |
 TheKyokujitsushou | |
| Abbreviation | NPA |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | July 1, 1954 |
| Preceding agency |
|
| Employees | 7,995(2020)[1] |
| Annual budget | ¥360.348 billion(2020)[2] |
| Legal personality | Law enforcement agency |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| National agency | Japan |
| Operations jurisdiction | Japan |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | 2-1-2Kasumigaseki,Chiyoda,Tokyo100-8974,Japan |
| Civilians | 4,800 |
| Agency executive |
|
| Parent agency | National Public Safety Commission |
| Child agencies |
|
| Bureaus | 5
|
| Regional Bureaus | 6
|
| Website | |
| npa.go.jp/english/index.html(in English) npa.go.jp(in Japanese) | |
| [3] | |
As of 2017, the NPA has a strength of approximately 7,800 personnel: 2,100sworn officers,900 guards, and 4,800 civilian staff.[5]
History
editPolice services of the Empire of Japanwere placed under complete centralized control with thePolice Affairs Bureau(Cảnh bảo cục,Keiho-kyoku)of theHome Ministryat their core. But after thesurrender of Japan,theSupreme Commander for the Allied Powersregarded this centralized police system as undemocratic.[6]
During theoccupation,the principle ofdecentralizationwas introduced by the 1947Police Law.Cities and large towns had their ownmunicipal police services(Tự trị thể cảnh sát,Jichitai Keisatsu),and theNational Rural Police(Quốc gia địa phương cảnh sát,Kokka Chihō Keisatsu)was responsible for smaller towns, villages and rural areas. But most Japanese municipalities were too small to have a large police force, so sometimes they were unable to deal with large-scale violence. In addition, excessive fragmentation of the police organization reduced the efficiency of police activities.[6]
As a response to these problems, complete restructuring created a more centralized system under the 1954 amended Police Law. All operational units except for theImperial Guardwere reorganized intoprefectural policefor eachprefecture,and the National Police Agency was established as the central coordinating agency for these Police Departments.[6]
On April 1, 2022, the NPA created the Cyber Affairs Bureau and the National Cyber Unit.[7]In December 2023, the NPA announced that the TAIT (Telecom Scam Allianced Investigation Team) will be established in April 2024 to unify investigation efforts across Japan on fraud cases.[8]
Organization
editLeadership
editTheCommissioner Generalof the National Police Agency(Cảnh sát sảnh trưởng quan,Keisatsu-chō Chōkan)is the highest ranking police officer of Japan, regarded as an exception to the regular class structure. For the Deputy Commissioner General(Thứ trưởng,Jichō),the Senior Commissioner is supplemented. The Commissioner General's Secretariat(Trưởng quan quan phòng,Chōkan Kanbō)are their staff. Thecivilianpoliticalleadershipis provided by theNational Public Safety Commission.[6]
Internal Bureaus
editCommunity Safety Bureau
editThe Community Safety Bureau(Sinh hoạt an toàn cục,Seikatsu Anzen-kyoku)is responsible for crime prevention, combating juvenile delinquency, and pollution control.[9][10]
This bureau was derived from the Safety Division of theCriminal Affairs Bureauin 1994.[11]
- Community Safety Planning Division(Sinh hoạt an toàn xí họa khóa)
- Personal Safety and Juvenile Division(Nhân thân an toàn ・ thiếu niên khóa)
- Safety Division(Bảo an khóa)
- Director for Economic Crimes Investigation(Sinh hoạt kinh tế đối sách quản lý quan)
Criminal Affairs Bureau
editThe Criminal Affairs Bureau(Hình sự cục,Keiji-kyoku)is in charge of research statistics and coordination of thecriminal investigationof nationally important and international cases.[9]
- (Direct reporting divisions)
- Criminal Affairs Planning Division(Hình sự xí họa khóa)
- First Investigation Division(Lục soát tra đệ nhất khóa)
- Second Investigation Division(Lục soát tra đệ nhị khóa)
- Director for Criminal Intelligence Support(Lục soát tra chi viện phân tích quản lý quan)
- Director for Criminal Identification(Phạm tội giam thức quan)
- Organized Crime Department(Tổ chức phạm tội đối sách bộ)
- First Organized Crime Division(Tổ chức phạm tội đối sách đệ nhất khóa)
- Second Organized Crime Division(Tổ chức phạm tội đối sách đệ nhị khóa)
- Director for International Investigative Operations(Quốc tế lục soát tra quản lý quan)
Traffic Bureau
editThe Traffic Bureau(Giao thông cục,Kōtsū-kyoku)is responsible fortraffic policingand regulations. This bureau was derived from the Safety Bureau(Bảo an cục,Hoan-kyoku)(later merged with the Criminal Affairs Bureau; predecessor of theCommunity Safety Bureau) in 1962 because of the expression indicating a high number of deaths from traffic accidents.[6][9]
- Traffic Planning Division(Giao thông xí họa khóa)
- Traffic Enforcement Division(Giao thông chỉ đạo khóa)
- Traffic Management and Control Division(Giao thông quy chế khóa)
- License Division(Vận 転 miễn hứa khóa)
Security Bureau
editThe Security Bureau(Canh gác cục,Keibi-kyoku)is in charge of theinternal securityaffairs, such ascounter-intelligence,counter-terrorismordisaster response.[6][9]
- (Direct reporting divisions)
- Security Planning Division(Canh gác xí họa khóa)
- Public Security Division(Công an khóa)
- Foreign Affairs and Intelligence Department(Ngoại sự tình báo bộ)
- Foreign Affairs Division(Ngoại sự khóa)
- Counter International Terrorism Division(Quốc tế テロリズム đối sách khóa)
- Security Operations Department(Canh gác vận dụng bộ)
- 1st Security Operations Division(Canh gác đệ nhất khóa)
- 2nd Security Operations Division(Canh gác đệ nhị khóa)
- 3rd Security Operations Division(Canh gác đệ tam khóa)
After the 1996Japanese embassy hostage crisisinPeru,the Security Bureau established the Terrorism Response Team where officers liaise with foreign law enforcement and intelligence agencies when Japanese interests or nationals are in danger.[12]It was later reformed to the Terrorism Response Team - Tactical Wing (TRT-2) for Overseas in order to meet with demands to coordinate with foreign police forces in assisting them whenever a terror attack has happened.[12]
Cyber Affairs bureau
editThe Cyber Affairs bureau(サイバー Cục Cảnh Sát,Saibā keisatsu-kyoku)is in charge of policing incyberspace,combat withcybercrimeandcyberterrorism. This bureau was restructured from the Info-Communications Bureau in 2022 by integrating cyber-related divisions in several bureaus.[13]
- Cyber-Policy Planning Division(サイバー xí họa khóa)
- Cybercrime Investigation Division(サイバー lục soát tra khóa)
- Digital Analysis Division(Tình báo kỹ thuật phân tích khóa)
Local Branch Bureaus and Departments
editRegional Police Bureaus
editThere are six Regional Police Bureaus(Quận Cục Cảnh Sát),each responsible for a number of prefectures as below:[14]
- TōhokuRegional Police Bureau(Đông Bắc quận Cục Cảnh Sát,Tōhoku Kanku Keisatsu-kyoku)
- Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, and Fukushima Prefectures
- KantōRegional Police Bureau(Quan đông quận Cục Cảnh Sát,Kantō Kanku Keisatsu-kyoku)
- Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Niigata, Yamanashi, Nagano, and Shizuoka Prefectures
- ChūbuRegional Police Bureau(Trung bộ quận Cục Cảnh Sát,Chūbu Kanku Keisatsu-kyoku)
- Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Gifu, Aichi, and Mie Prefectures
- KinkiRegional Police Bureau(Gần kỳ quận Cục Cảnh Sát,Kinki Kanku Keisatsu-kyoku)
- Shiga, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara, and Wakayama Prefectures
- Chūgoku–ShikokuRegional Police Bureau(Trung Quốc tứ quốc quận Cục Cảnh Sát,Chūgoku Shikoku Kanku Keisatsu-kyoku)
- Tottori, Shimane, Okayama, Hiroshima, and Yamaguchi Prefectures
- Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime, and Kochi Prefectures
- KyūshūRegional Police Bureau(Cửu Châu quận Cục Cảnh Sát,Kyūshū Kanku Keisatsu-kyoku)
- Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Oita, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, and Okinawa Prefectures
They are located in major cities of each geographic region. The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department and Hokkaido Prefectural Police Headquarters are excluded from the jurisdiction of regional police bureaus. Headed by a Senior Commissioner, each regional police bureaus exercises necessary control and supervision over and provides support services to prefectural police within its jurisdiction, under the authority and orders of NPA's Commissioner General. Attached to each Regional Police Bureaus is a Regional Police School which provides police personnel with education and training required of staff officers as well as other necessary education and training.
Police Communications Departments
editMetropolitanTokyoand the island ofHokkaidōare excluded from the regional jurisdictions and are run more autonomously than other local forces, in the case of Tokyo, because of its special urban situation, and of Hokkaidō, because of its distinctive geography. The National Police Agency maintains police communications divisions in these two areas to handle any coordination needed between national and local forces. In other area, Police Communications Departments are established within each Regional Police Bureaus.
- Independent Communications Departments
- Tokyo Metropolitan PoliceInfo-Communications Department(Đông Kinh đều cảnh sát tình báo thông tín bộ,Tōkyō-to Keisatsu Jōhō Tsūshin-bu)
- HokkaidoPolice Info-Communications Department(Hokkaido cảnh sát thông tín tình báo bộ,Hokkaidō Keisatsu Tsūshin Jōhō-bu)
Subsidiary Organs
edit- National Police Academy(Cảnh sát đại học giáo,Keisatsu Dai-gakkō)
- National Research Institute of Police Science(Khoa học cảnh sát viện nghiên cứu,Kagaku Keisatsu Kenkyū-sho)
- Imperial Guard Headquarters(Hoàng cung cảnh sát bản bộ,Kōgū-Keisatsu Honbu)
See also
edit
References
edit- ^Hành chính cơ quan viên chức số người quy định lệnh ( chiêu cùng 44 năm ngày 16 tháng 5 chính lệnh đệ 1 số 21 ) ( cuối cùng sửa lại, lệnh cùng 2 năm ngày 30 tháng 3 chính lệnh đệ 75 hào )-e-Gov pháp lệnh kiểm tác
- ^Lệnh cùng 2 niên độ giống nhau kế toán dư tínhTài vụ tỉnh
- ^"Police of Japan".National Police Agency. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-02-22.Retrieved2008-08-06.
- ^Police of Japan, National Police Agency."POLICE OF JAPAN - NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY | Office of Justice Programs".ojp.gov.Retrieved19 May2022.
- ^National Police Agency (2018).POLICE OF JAPAN 2018 (Overview of Japanese Police)(PDF)(Report).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2019-04-07.Retrieved2019-04-07.
- ^abcdefNational Police Agency Police History Compilation Committee, ed. (1977).Japan post-war police history(in Japanese).Japan Police Support Association.
- ^"Japan makes progress on international cyber probe collaboration".4 September 2023.
- ^"Police to Set up Special Fraud Investigation Team".14 December 2023.
- ^abcdNational Police Agency."Mechanism of Police systems"(in Japanese). Archived fromthe originalon 2012-12-06.Retrieved2016-11-07.
- ^NPA."Organization Chart".Retrieved2024-04-28.
- ^Japan Federation of Bar Associations."Declaration on police activities and citizens' human rights"(in Japanese). Archived fromthe originalon 2016-11-15.Retrieved2016-11-08.
- ^ab"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2011-03-23.Retrieved2011-03-26.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^Asahi Shinbun news papre."NPA to create new bureau for cybersecurity threats".The Asahi Shimbun.Retrieved2024-04-28.
- ^"Public Safety Commission System and Police Activity Support"(PDF).Japanese National Police Agency. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2012-04-20.Retrieved2012-02-15.
External links
edit
- Official website(in Japanese)
- Official website(in English)
- National Police AgencyonTwitter