Neurogliaform cells(NGF) are inhibitory (GABAergic)interneuronsfound in thecortexand thehippocampus.NGF cells represent approximately 10% of the total hippocampal inhibitory interneuron population.[1]
In terms of morphology, they are comparatively small and have an unusually high presynaptic bouton density.[2]Almost all NGF neurons expressneuropeptide Y(NPY) and are commonly positive for other signalling and non-signallingpeptides,includingreelin,α-actinin 2,COUP-TFII,andneuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS).[2]However, populations of NGF cells which do not express NPY have been reported in bothcortical layer I[3]and thestriatum.[4]
Developmentally, in the cortex, all NGF cells are derived fromcaudal ganglionic eminence(CGE) but NGF cells of the hippocampus have their origins within both the CGE and themedial ganglionic eminence(MGE).[2]
Functionally, NGF cells are GABAergic and their function in the mature brain is inhibition. However, they are suspected to signal more throughvolume transmissionas opposed to the typicalchemical synapse.One study found that approximately 78% of neurogliaform cell boutons did not form classical synapses and also indicated that their synaptic boutons are at a larger than usual distance from their target dendrites.[5]Taken together, this and other observations has led to the consensus that NGF cells are likely not involved primarily with “point to point” synaptic transmission but release GABA in a target independent, cloud-like manner to generate a non specific form of inhibitory control (volume transmission).[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Bezaire, Marianne J.; Soltesz, Ivan (September 2013)."Quantitative assessment of CA1 local circuits: knowledge base for interneuron-pyramidal cell connectivity".Hippocampus.23(9): 751–785.doi:10.1002/hipo.22141.ISSN1098-1063.PMC3775914.PMID23674373.
- ^abcdChris J. McBain; Overstreet-Wadiche, Linda (August 2015)."Neurogliaform cells in cortical circuits".Nature Reviews Neuroscience.16(8): 458–468.doi:10.1038/nrn3969.ISSN1471-0048.PMC5207343.PMID26189693.
- ^Jiang, Xiaolong; Wang, Guangfu; Lee, Alice J.; Stornetta, Ruth L.; Zhu, J. Julius (February 2013)."The organization of two novel cortical interneuronal circuits".Nature Neuroscience.16(2): 210–218.doi:10.1038/nn.3305.ISSN1097-6256.PMC3589105.PMID23313910.
- ^Muñoz-Manchado, A. B.; Foldi, C.; Szydlowski, S.; Sjulson, L.; Farries, M.; Wilson, C.; Silberberg, G.; Hjerling-Leffler, J. (2016-01-01)."Novel Striatal GABAergic Interneuron Populations Labeled in the 5HT3aEGFP Mouse".Cerebral Cortex.26(1): 96–105.doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu179.ISSN1047-3211.PMC4677971.PMID25146369.
- ^Oláh, Szabolcs; Füle, Miklós; Komlósi, Gergely; Varga, Csaba; Báldi, Rita; Barzó, Pál; Tamás, Gábor (2009-10-29)."Regulation of cortical microcircuits by unitary GABA-mediated volume transmission".Nature.461(7268): 1278–1281.Bibcode:2009Natur.461.1278O.doi:10.1038/nature08503.ISSN1476-4687.PMC2771344.PMID19865171.