Nicastrin

NCSTN
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search:PDBeRCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4UPC,5A63,4UIS,5FN3,5FN4,5FN5,5FN2,2N7R,2N7Q
Identifiers
Aliases	NCSTN,ATAG1874, nicastrin
External IDs	OMIM:605254;MGI:1891700;HomoloGene:41029;GeneCards:NCSTN;OMA:NCSTN - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	160,358,952bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	171,910,362bp
RNA expressionpattern
	Top expressed in
	stromal cell of endometrium; ; monocyte; ; body of pancreas; ; granulocyte; ; rectum; ; islet of Langerhans; ; olfactory bulb; ; right lung; ; minor salivary glands; ; ventricular zone;
	Top expressed in
	spermatocyte; ; lip; ; genital tubercle; ; granulocyte; ; tail of embryo; ; right kidney; ; ventricular zone; ; epithelium of small intestine; ; stroma of bone marrow; ; superior frontal gyrus;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	peptidase activity; protein binding; endopeptidase activity;
Cellular component	Golgi apparatus; membrane; focal adhesion; melanosome; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; lysosomal membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; extracellular exosome; integral component of membrane; azurophil granule membrane; gamma-secretase complex; cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; cytoplasmic vesicle; cytoplasm; mitochondrion; lysosome; early endosome; synaptic vesicle; endosome membrane; protein-containing complex; sarcolemma; synapse; synaptic membrane; integral component of presynaptic membrane;
Biological process	Notch signaling pathway; ephrin receptor signaling pathway; myeloid cell homeostasis; protein processing; positive regulation of catalytic activity; amyloid-beta metabolic process; epithelial cell proliferation; proteolysis; T cell proliferation; membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis; membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis; positive regulation of apoptotic process; Notch receptor processing; amyloid precursor protein catabolic process; amyloid-beta formation; amyloid precursor protein metabolic process; neutrophil degranulation; cerebellum development; Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent; dopamine receptor signaling pathway; glutamate receptor signaling pathway; learning or memory; central nervous system myelination; adult behavior; amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process; positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process; neuron apoptotic process; neuron death; cellular response to calcium ion; regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation; short-term synaptic potentiation;
	Sources:Amigo/QuickGO
Orthologs
	23385
	59287
	ENSG00000162736
	ENSMUSG00000003458
	Q92542
	P57716
	NM_001290184; NM_001290186; NM_015331; NM_001349729
	NM_021607
	NP_001277113; NP_001277115; NP_056146; NP_001336658
	NP_067620
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Nicastrin,also known asNCSTN,is aproteinthat in humans is encoded by theNCSTNgene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

Nicastrin (abbreviated NCT) is aproteinthat is part of thegamma secretase protein complex,which is one of theproteasesinvolved in processingamyloid precursor protein(APP) to the shortAlzheimer's disease-associated peptideamyloid beta.The other proteins in the complex arePSEN1(presenilin-1), which is thecatalyticallyactive component of the complex,APH-1(anterior pharynx-defective 1), andPEN-2(presenilin enhancer 2).^[8]Nicastrin itself is not catalytically active, but instead promotes the maturation and proper trafficking of the other proteins in the complex, all of which undergo significantpost-translational modificationbefore becoming active in the cell.^[9]Nicastrin has also been identified as a regulator ofneprilysin,anenzymeinvolved in the degradation of amyloid beta fragment.^[10]

History

The protein was named after the Italian countryNicastro,reflecting the fact that Alzheimer's disease was described in 1963 after studying descendants of an extended family originating in the country of Nicastro that hadfamilial Alzheimer's disease(FAD).^[11]

Interactions

Nicastrin has been shown tointeractwithPSEN1^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]andPSEN2.^[12]^[16]

References

^^a ^b ^cGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162736–Ensembl,May 2017
^^a ^b ^cGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000003458–Ensembl,May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Entrez Gene: NCSTN nicastrin".
^Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Ohira M, Kawarabayasi Y, Ohara O, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Miyajima N, Nomura N (Oct 1996)."Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain".DNA Research.3(5): 321–9, 341–54.doi:10.1093/dnares/3.5.321.PMID 9039502.
^Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (Sep 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing".Nature.407(6800): 48–54.Bibcode:2000Natur.407...48Y.doi:10.1038/35024009.PMID 10993067.S2CID 4339220.
^Kaether C, Haass C, Steiner H (2006)."Assembly, trafficking and function of gamma-secretase"(PDF).Neuro-Degenerative Diseases.3(4–5): 275–83.doi:10.1159/000095267.PMID 17047368.S2CID 17324271.
^Zhang YW, Luo WJ, Wang H, Lin P, Vetrivel KS, Liao F, Li F, Wong PC, Farquhar MG, Thinakaran G, Xu H (Apr 2005)."Nicastrin is critical for stability and trafficking but not association of other presenilin/gamma-secretase components".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.280(17): 17020–6.doi:10.1074/jbc.M409467200.PMC1201533.PMID 15711015.
^Pardossi-Piquard R, Dunys J, Yu G, St George-Hyslop P, Alves da Costa C, Checler F (May 2006). "Neprilysin activity and expression are controlled by nicastrin".Journal of Neurochemistry.97(4): 1052–6.doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03822.x.PMID 16606360.S2CID 26983263.
^Feldman RG, Chandler KA, Levy LL, Glaser GH (Oct 1963). "Familial Alzheimer's disease".Neurology.13(10): 811–24.doi:10.1212/wnl.13.10.811.PMID 14066996.S2CID 32600780.
^^a ^bYu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (Sep 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing".Nature.407(6800): 48–54.Bibcode:2000Natur.407...48Y.doi:10.1038/35024009.PMID 10993067.S2CID 4339220.
^Haffner C, Frauli M, Topp S, Irmler M, Hofmann K, Regula JT, Bally-Cuif L, Haass C (Aug 2004)."Nicalin and its binding partner Nomo are novel Nodal signaling antagonists".The EMBO Journal.23(15): 3041–50.doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600307.PMC514924.PMID 15257293.
^Baulac S, LaVoie MJ, Kimberly WT, Strahle J, Wolfe MS, Selkoe DJ, Xia W (Nov 2003). "Functional gamma-secretase complex assembly in Golgi/trans-Golgi network: interactions among presenilin, nicastrin, Aph1, Pen-2, and gamma-secretase substrates".Neurobiology of Disease.14(2): 194–204.CiteSeerX10.1.1.624.6715.doi:10.1016/S0969-9961(03)00123-2.PMID 14572442.S2CID 53205510.
^Gu Y, Chen F, Sanjo N, Kawarai T, Hasegawa H, Duthie M, Li W, Ruan X, Luthra A, Mount HT, Tandon A, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop P (Feb 2003)."APH-1 interacts with mature and immature forms of presenilins and nicastrin and may play a role in maturation of presenilin.nicastrin complexes".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.278(9): 7374–80.doi:10.1074/jbc.M209499200.PMID 12471034.
^^a ^bLee SF, Shah S, Li H, Yu C, Han W, Yu G (Nov 2002)."Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and is required for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid-beta precursor protein and Notch".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.277(47): 45013–9.doi:10.1074/jbc.M208164200.PMID 12297508.

External links

nicastrin+proteinat the U.S. National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings(MeSH)

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162736–Ensembl,May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000003458–Ensembl,May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: NCSTN nicastrin".

[pmid9039502-6] Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Ohira M, Kawarabayasi Y, Ohara O, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Miyajima N, Nomura N (Oct 1996)."Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain".DNA Research.3(5): 321–9, 341–54.doi:10.1093/dnares/3.5.321.PMID 9039502.

[PMI10993067-7] Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (Sep 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing".Nature.407(6800): 48–54.Bibcode:2000Natur.407...48Y.doi:10.1038/35024009.PMID 10993067.S2CID 4339220.

[pmid17047368-8] Kaether C, Haass C, Steiner H (2006)."Assembly, trafficking and function of gamma-secretase"(PDF).Neuro-Degenerative Diseases.3(4–5): 275–83.doi:10.1159/000095267.PMID 17047368.S2CID 17324271.

[pmid15711015-9] Zhang YW, Luo WJ, Wang H, Lin P, Vetrivel KS, Liao F, Li F, Wong PC, Farquhar MG, Thinakaran G, Xu H (Apr 2005)."Nicastrin is critical for stability and trafficking but not association of other presenilin/gamma-secretase components".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.280(17): 17020–6.doi:10.1074/jbc.M409467200.PMC1201533.PMID 15711015.

[pmid16606360-10] Pardossi-Piquard R, Dunys J, Yu G, St George-Hyslop P, Alves da Costa C, Checler F (May 2006). "Neprilysin activity and expression are controlled by nicastrin".Journal of Neurochemistry.97(4): 1052–6.doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03822.x.PMID 16606360.S2CID 26983263.

[pmid14066996-11] Feldman RG, Chandler KA, Levy LL, Glaser GH (Oct 1963). "Familial Alzheimer's disease".Neurology.13(10): 811–24.doi:10.1212/wnl.13.10.811.PMID 14066996.S2CID 32600780.

[pmid10993067-12] Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, Song YQ, Rogaeva E, Chen F, Kawarai T, Supala A, Levesque L, Yu H, Yang DS, Holmes E, Milman P, Liang Y, Zhang DM, Xu DH, Sato C, Rogaev E, Smith M, Janus C, Zhang Y, Aebersold R, Farrer LS, Sorbi S, Bruni A, Fraser P, St George-Hyslop P (Sep 2000). "Nicastrin modulates presenilin-mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and betaAPP processing".Nature.407(6800): 48–54.Bibcode:2000Natur.407...48Y.doi:10.1038/35024009.PMID 10993067.S2CID 4339220.

[pmid15257293-13] Haffner C, Frauli M, Topp S, Irmler M, Hofmann K, Regula JT, Bally-Cuif L, Haass C (Aug 2004)."Nicalin and its binding partner Nomo are novel Nodal signaling antagonists".The EMBO Journal.23(15): 3041–50.doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600307.PMC514924.PMID 15257293.

[pmid14572442-14] Baulac S, LaVoie MJ, Kimberly WT, Strahle J, Wolfe MS, Selkoe DJ, Xia W (Nov 2003). "Functional gamma-secretase complex assembly in Golgi/trans-Golgi network: interactions among presenilin, nicastrin, Aph1, Pen-2, and gamma-secretase substrates".Neurobiology of Disease.14(2): 194–204.CiteSeerX10.1.1.624.6715.doi:10.1016/S0969-9961(03)00123-2.PMID 14572442.S2CID 53205510.

[pmid12471034-15] Gu Y, Chen F, Sanjo N, Kawarai T, Hasegawa H, Duthie M, Li W, Ruan X, Luthra A, Mount HT, Tandon A, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop P (Feb 2003)."APH-1 interacts with mature and immature forms of presenilins and nicastrin and may play a role in maturation of presenilin.nicastrin complexes".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.278(9): 7374–80.doi:10.1074/jbc.M209499200.PMID 12471034.

[pmid12297508-16] Lee SF, Shah S, Li H, Yu C, Han W, Yu G (Nov 2002)."Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and is required for intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid-beta precursor protein and Notch".The Journal of Biological Chemistry.277(47): 45013–9.doi:10.1074/jbc.M208164200.PMID 12297508.

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