Nishizō Tsukahara(Trủng nguyên nhị bốn tam,Tsukahara Nishizō,April 3, 1887 – January 10, 1966),was an admiral in theImperial Japanese NavyduringWorld War II.
Nishizō Tsukahara | |
|---|---|
 Vice Admiral Tsukahara Nishizō (1939-45) | |
| Born | April 3, 1887 Fukui Prefecture,Japan |
| Died | January 10, 1966(aged 78) Tokyo,Japan |
| Allegiance |  Empire of Japan |
| Service |  Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Years of service | 1908–1945 |
| Rank |  Admiral |
| Commands | Ōi,Akagi,2nd Carrier Division,2nd Combined Air Group, 1st Combined Air Group,Chinkai Guard District,11th Air Fleet,Naval Aviation Bureau,Senior Vice-chief of Navy General Staff,Naval Councillor,Yokosuka Naval District |
| Battles / wars | |
Biography
editTsukahara was born inFukui Prefecture,but his official residence wasKofu city,Yamanashi Prefecture,where he was raised. Tsukahara graduated from the 36th class of theImperial Japanese Naval Academyin 1908. He was ranked 20th out of 119 cadets, and noted AdmiralChuichi Nagumowas his classmate. He served hismidshipmanduty aboard thecruisersSoya,andIwateandbattleshipOkinoshima.After he was commissioned as anensignin 1910, he was assigned to theShikishima,followed bydestroyerYūdachi.
Tsukahara subsequently served on theYamashiroand cruiserAso.After his promotion tolieutenantin 1914, he was assigned toUmikaze,and was chief navigator onMogamiin 1916, followed byChitose,repair shipKanto,andbattlecruiserIbuki.
Tsukahara graduated from theNavy Staff Collegein 1920, and was promoted tolieutenant commander.He held a number of staff positions within theYokosuka Naval District,particularly pertaining tonaval aviation.He was sent to theUnited StatesandEuropefrom 1925–1926, and on his return was assigned asexecutive officerto theaircraft carrierHōshō.
On November 29, 1929, Tsukahara was promoted to captain, and was also given command ofŌi.From 1931-1932, he was part of the Japanese delegation to theGeneva Naval Disarmament Conference.On October 20, 1933, he was given command of the aircraft carrierAkagi.
Tsukahara was promoted toRear admiralon November 15, 1935. He commanded a number of fighter squadrons, and was promoted on toVice admiralon November 15, 1939. In April 1940, he became commander of theChinkai Guard District,and from September 10, 1941 until October 1, 1942, he wasCommander in Chiefof the11th Air Fleet.[1]Unlike western military services where most military aircraft were under Army control, the Japanese Imperial Navy maintained large land-based aerial forces. In addition to seaplanes and maritime patrol aircraft, each of theseAir Fleetshad several wings of land-based fighters, dive bombers, torpedo bombers, and twin-engined medium bombers. The exact composition was tailored by theImperial Japanese Navy Air Serviceto the location and mission. They also included a number of support ships for resupply and destroyers for protection of supply lanes.
Based out ofTaiwan Islandwhen the war began, the 11th Air Fleet was involved in theinvasion of the Philippines.[1]Later it moved forward in support of Japanese offensives in theNew Guinea campaign,and fought some airvs.naval actions south of New Guinea on the eastern side of Indonesia during theDutch East Indies campaign.
Afterwards the 11th Air Fleet with the help of its dedicated supporting ships moved forward and engaged in operations flying during theSolomon Islands campaignfromRabaul,New Britainand other locations. On August 8, 1942, after theAllied landingsonGuadalcanalandTulagiTsukahara moved to Rabaul to more closely direct air attacks against Allied forces around Guadalcanal.[2]While at Rabaul, the scope of Vice admiral Tsukahara's command was expanded to include all naval forces in the New Guinea and Solomon Islands' area in addition to the 11th Air Fleet in what was renamed theSoutheast Area Command.[3]Soon after this change he fell ill, was relieved and replaced in Rabaul byVice-Admiral Jin'ichi Kusakaon October 1, 1942.
After recovering from illness, Tsukahara was appointed Director ofNaval Air Commandfrom December 1, 1942 to September 15, 1944. Subsequently, he was commander in chief of the Yokosuka Naval District to May 1, 1945.[4]
Tsukahara was promoted to (full)Admiralon May 15, 1945, one of the last two officers promoted to this rank. He died in 1966, and his grave is at the Tama Reien Cemetery inFuchū, Tokyo.
Notes
editReferences
edit- L, Klemen (2000)."Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942".
- Lundstrom, John B. (2005).The First Team And the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942(New ed.). Naval Institute Press.ISBN1-59114-472-8.
- Wendel, Marcus."Axis History Factbook".Retrieved2007-08-08.
Further reading
edit- Frank, Richard B.(1990).Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle.New York:Penguin Group.ISBN0-14-016561-4.
- Miller, Thomas G. (1969).Cactus Air Force.Admiral Nimitz Foundation.ISBN0-934841-17-9.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot(1958).The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943,vol. 5 ofHistory of United States Naval Operations in World War II.Boston:Little, Brown and Company.ISBN0-316-58305-7.Online views of selections of the book:[1]
External links
edit- Naval History via Flix."Nishizo Tsukahara".Retrieved2006-12-08.
- Nishida, Hiroshi."Imperial Japanese Navy".Retrieved19 April2020.
- Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, Volume II - Part I.United States Army Center of Military History.1994. Archived fromthe originalon 2009-02-08.Retrieved2006-12-08.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)- Translation of the official record by the Japanese Demobilization Bureaux detailing the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy's participation in the Southwest Pacific area of thePacific War.
| IJN Insignia | Rank | Date |
|---|---|---|
|
Hải quân thiếu tướngKaigun Shōshō (Rear-Admiral) |
15 November 1935 |
|
Hải quân trung tướngKaigun Chūjō (Vice-Admiral) |
15 November 1939 |
|
Hải quân đại tướngKaigun Taishō (Admiral) |
15 May 1945 |