Noir(Japanese:ノワール,Hepburn:Nowāru)is a 26-episode Japaneseanimetelevision seriescreated and written by Ryōe Tsukimura and produced byVictor EntertainmentandBee Train.The series was directed byKōichi Mashimo,withYoko Kikuchi,Minako Shiba and Satoko Miyachi in charge of character designs, Kenji Teraoka in charge of mechanical design, andYuki Kajiuracomposing the music. TheDVDversion was released byADV Filmsin North America and the United Kingdom and byMadman Entertainmentin Australia and New Zealand.
| Noir | |
 Cover of the firstADV FilmsDVD volume | |
| ノワール (Nowāru) | |
|---|---|
| Genre | Adventure,[1]girls with guns[2] |
| Created by | Ryōe Tsukimura |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Kōichi Mashimo |
| Produced by | Shigeru Kitayama |
| Written by | Ryōe Tsukimura |
| Music by | Yuki Kajiura |
| Studio | Bee Train |
| Licensed by | Crunchyroll[a] |
| Original network | TV Tokyo |
| English network | |
| Original run | April 6, 2001–September 28, 2001 |
| Episodes | 26 |
Noirwas followed by twospiritual successors,MadlaxandEl Cazador de la Bruja.Together, these series constitute atrilogyexploring the "girls-with-guns"genre.
Plot
editOpening introduction, Kirika's (later with Mireille) voice-over towards the audience:
NOIR...It is the name of an ancient fate, two maidens govern death. The peace of the newly born, their black hands protect.
The series follows the story of two young female assassins, theCorsicanMireille Bouquet and theJapaneseamnesiac Kirika Yuumura, who embark together on a personal journey to seek answers about mysteries concerning their past. At first, they seem to be only vaguely related to each other, but there are clues and hints given throughout the series that there is more going on behind the scenes than at first glance.
In their journey to learn more about Kirika's lost memories and her connection to Mireille, the two form an alliance and begin performing assassinations under the code name "Noir." During the course of the series, they are lured into more and more traps by a secret organization namedLes Soldats( "The Soldiers" inFrench). Les Soldats are a secret organization that has been a part, yet separate group of humanity. It is this hidden group that created and once completely controlled the deadly duo "Noir". Each time that Les Soldats soldiers are sent to kill Mireille and Kirika, it is considered a test as to whether or not the young women are suitable to carry the title "Noir".
Characters
edit
- Kirika Yuumura[n 1](Tịch tùng sương mù hương,Yūmura Kirika)
- Voiced by:Hōko Kuwashima(Japanese);Monica Rial(English)
- Kirika is a teenage high school girl withamnesiawho lives in Japan, however during her journey she goes to stay with Mireille in her apartment which resides in Paris; the only things she remembers are the wordNoirand her instinctual killing abilities. When creating the characters forNoir,producerShigeru Kitayamawanted the image of Kirika to be "sweet and fragile".[3]
- Mireille Bouquet(ミレイユ・ブーケ,Mireiyu Būke)
- Voiced by:Kotono Mitsuishi(Japanese);Shelley Calene-Black(English)
- Mireille is aCorsicanwoman born into a powerful crime family. Mireille and her uncle are the sole survivors of a brutal attack on her family, whereafter he trained her to become an assassin.ep. 14When creating the character forNoir,Shigeru Kitayamaimagined Mireille as "a lithe female panther".[3]Mitsuishi, the Japanese voice of Mireille, previously worked with Kitayama onExcel Saga,where she voiced the protagonist Excel; the first thing she was told was that Excel and Mireille are completely opposite characters.[3]In the English dub, ADV Films decided against giving Mireille aCorsicanaccent so as to avoid confusion among viewers unfamiliar with the language.[4]
- Chloe(クロエ,Kuroe[n 2])
- Voiced by:Aya Hisakawa(Japanese);Hilary Haag(English)
- Chloe is a skilled assassin who uses throwing and handheld knives instead of guns. Like Kirika and Mireille, Chloe is a candidate to become Noir. Chloe idolizes Kirika for her exceptional killing skills, and she believes that she and Kirika are destined to become Noir together. She is the personal favorite character ofNoir's composerYuki Kajiura.[5]
- Altena(アルテナ,Arutena)
- Voiced by:Tarako(Japanese);Tiffany Grant(English)
- Altena is the high priestess of the Soldats. She believes that the Soldats have been corrupted by power and greed, and she attempts to return the Soldats to its "original state" by reviving Noir. She lives a medieval lifestyle in a place the Soldats consider as their holy site called "The Manor", located somewhere on the border between France and Spain, where she raised and trained Chloe.
Setting
editUnlike itsspiritual successorsMadlaxandEl Cazador de la Bruja,Noiris mainly aboutreality'scriminal underworldwhile the later two are aboutsupernaturalevents. Mireille and Kirika, in episode four, check the profile of a fifteen-year-old student named Rosaly Hammond, discovering that she was born on August 2, 1994. As Rosaly would be turning sixteen, Noir thus takes place approximately between 2010 and 2011.[6]
Les Soldats
editLes Soldats(ソルダ,Soruda)( "The Soldiers" inFrench) is a mysterious organization inNoir.According to Altena, a thousand years ago, a group of people who had survived a bloody war that cost numerous lives, formed a group calledLes Soldatsto protect the weak and take revenge on the world.[7]When Kirika travels to a Soldats' village, she finds out that during the late tenth century,Les Soldatshas taken place in every social part of humankind. For example, Soldats were witnessed at the birth of the Greone'smafia family,which was created 200 years ago from the time the series began.[8]Near the end of the series, Altena states that "Les Soldats" have been consumed by the very greed they once swore to undo, and thus had become like the world itself.[9]
Although the Soldats were founded by a united group, inNoirits members were separated into two groups: Altena's followers and her opposers, the Soldats' Council members. For easy identification, Altena's most loyal followers are include people who dress up as nuns[10]and common villagers who are skilled at fighting[11]These nuns and priestesses often appear to be ordinary, petite women, they are capable of using guns and other lethal weapons. Altena lives in a manor not located on any map but is near theborderofFranceandSpain.[12]It is known by name "the place which has been forgotten by time".[citation needed]The manor's structure is similar to those ofAncient GreeceandRome.Separated from the manor by mountains, there is a village which belongs to Altena, and their ancient task is to guard her manor.[citation needed]
The Soldats' Council are the people who disagreed with Altena's decision to bring back the True Noir by means of a ritual called the Grand Retour. The Council contains five members,[9]and one of them, Remy Brefford, invites Mireille to join their ranks, and he has an office in a building inParis.[13]
Men in black suits are often sent by the Soldats to try to kill the Noir candidates, but the faction affiliate of these men is unclear. Altena successfully manipulates everyone in the group, and she particularly targets the three Noir candidates Chloe, Kirika, and Mireille. She hides her true agenda from the Soldats, even her most trusted advisers, until the end. Altena led the Soldats to believe that she wanted Chloe and Kirika to be the True Noir, to enforce the will of the Soldats. However, she believed that Mireille and Kirika would enact her true plan, to destroy the Soldats. Altena's plan was not fully successful because Mireille did not target the Council at the end of the series.
Noir
editNoiris theFrenchword for "black". InNoir,it is known as the name of the two maidens who govern death. Pictures and sculptures of the two maidens can be seen on Mireille's father's watch and on Soldats' churches. To theunderworld,it is known as the "One Thousand Year" darkness ofEurope.According to Altena's story, when the Soldats went under, two hands were left on the surface, so their ancient task is to retrieve the two maidens known as "Noir".[7]The ritual to become Noir takes place under Altena's manor, an underground temple in the style of ancient Greek ruins.
Throughout the series, the only three candidates for "Noir" are Mireille Bouquet, Kirika Yuumura and Chloe. Of all the three, Mireille was the only who was predicted to be neglected, and Kirika probably is the only who can turn intoTrue Noir.[14][15]When one has fallen, the remaining two shall become Noir.
Production
editAccording to the director Kōichi Mashimo, he envisionedNoirandMadlaxas part of a trilogy exploring thegirls-with-gunsgenre, and soon after the release of the latter, he confirmed having plans to produce the third installment,[16]which would later becomeEl Cazador de la Bruja.[17]
For Mireille's personal sidearm, Mashimo wanted a gun with "a more modern image", therefore the production staff decided on theWalther P99.[18]After considering several compact pistols, including theWalther PPKand theGlock 26,for Kirika's personal sidearm, theBeretta M1934became the weapon of choice, because of its "classic, European feel" that suited the premise of the series' story.[19]Because of the organization's premise, European guns were chosen for the members of Les Soldats. The assassins in black suits that are sent after the protagonists throughout the series all carry theSIG Pro 2340,which at the time of production was the newest model of its line, while other members were given increasingly older weapons, depending on the member's rank.[4]
According to producerShigeru Kitayama,Kotono Mitsuishi's voicing of Mireille was a continuation of the working relationship they had from creatingExcel Saga,where Mitsuishi voiced the protagonist Excel.[3]
Media
editTV airings and home video
editThe 26 episodes of theNoiranime series initially ran from April 6 through September 28, 2001 onTV Tokyoin Japan and was released on DVD and VHS in 13 compilations, each containing two episodes, byVictor Entertainmentbetween July 25, 2001 and March 21, 2002.[20]After giving hints, announcements, and retractions for almost a year,[21]ADV Filmsreleased the series in English in seven DVD compilations, the first containing five episodes, the others containing three or four episodes, between February 18 and October 28, 2003.[22][23]Prior to that, the first episode was included on the DVD insert of the January 2003 issue ofNewtype USA.[24]As of November 1, 2010, the series is now licensed byFunimation Entertainment.,[25]and re-released the series as a part of their Anime Classics line on August 9, 2011.[26]
Victor Entertainment has remastered the series from its original 35mm elements and released a Blu-ray Disc version on February 19, 2014 in Japan.[27][28][29]Funimation released the series on Blu-ray on April 15, 2015 in North America.[30]FollowingSony's acquisition ofCrunchyroll,the dub was moved over to Crunchyroll.[31]
Soundtrack
editLike many of studio Bee Train's other works, theNoirsoundtrack was composed byYuki Kajiura,accompanied by primary vocalistYuriko Kaida,secondary vocalistYuri Kasahara,and Kajiura's bandSee-Saw.[citation needed]
The series makes use of two pieces oftheme music."Coppelia no Hitsugi"(コッペリア の cữu,Kopperia no Hitsugi,lit. "Coppelia's Casket" )byAli Projectis used as opening theme, while "Kirei na Kanjō"(きれいな cảm tình,lit. "Beautiful Emotions" )byAkino Araiserves as ending theme.[32]
Victor Entertainmentpublished a single and threeoriginal soundtrackalbums for the series. "Coppelia no Hitsugi" was released as a single on May 23, 2001.[33]The first and second soundtracks, calledNoir: Original Soundtrack IandNoir: Original Soundtrack II,were released on June 21 and October 3, 2001, respectively.[34][35]The third soundtrack, calledBlanc dans Noir(〜 hắc の trung の bạch 〜,Kuro no Naka no Shiro,English:White in Black),was released on November 7, 2001.[36]
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Coppelia no Hitsugi" (Kopperia no Hitsugi(コッペリア の cữu,"Coppélia's Casket" )) | Arika Takarano | Mikiya Katakura | 3:59 |
| 2. | "Après le Noir" | Takarano | Katakura | 4:17 |
| Total length: | 8:18 | |||
All music is composed byYuki Kajiura,except where indicated
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Artist | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Coppelia no Hitsugi" (Kopperia no Hitsugi(コッペリア の cữu,"Coppélia's Casket" )) | Arika Takarano | Mikiya Katakura | Ali Project | 3:59 |
| 2. | "Les Soldats" | 2:26 | |||
| 3. | "Snow" | 2:11 | |||
| 4. | "Canta per me" | 3:13 | |||
| 5. | "Corsican Corridor" | 3:47 | |||
| 6. | "Ode to Power" | 2:54 | |||
| 7. | "Solitude by the Window" | 3:08 | |||
| 8. | "Romance" | 3:43 | |||
| 9. | "Silent Pain" | 2:01 | |||
| 10. | "Lullaby" | 3:16 | |||
| 11. | "Melodie" | 1:58 | |||
| 12. | "Chloe" | 2:24 | |||
| 13. | "Whispering Hills" | 3:32 | |||
| 14. | "Zero Hour" | 2:36 | |||
| 15. | "Liar You Lie" | 3:14 | |||
| 16. | "Sorrow" | 2:41 | |||
| 17. | "Salva Nos" | 4:29 | |||
| 18. | "Kirei na Kanjō" ((きれいな cảm tình,"Beautiful Emotions" )) | Akino Arai | Arai | Akino Arai | 4:16 |
| Total length: | 56:06 | ||||
| No. | Title | Music | Artist | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Le Grand Retour" | 6:24 | ||
| 2. | "Secret Game" | Yuri Kasahara | 3:44 | |
| 3. | "Fake Garden" | 2:01 | ||
| 4. | "Les Soldats II" | 3:27 | ||
| 5. | "In Memory of You" | 3:54 | ||
| 6. | "Colosseum" | 3:46 | ||
| 7. | "Salva Nos II" | Yuriko Kaida | 2:46 | |
| 8. | "Maze" | Yuri Kasahara | 2:14 | |
| 9. | "In Peace" | 2:27 | ||
| 10. | "Despair" | 1:58 | ||
| 11. | "Power Hungry" | 2:16 | ||
| 12. | "Black Is Black" | 2:42 | ||
| 13. | "Canta per me II" | Yuriko Kaida | 3:21 | |
| 14. | "At Dusk" | 1:51 | ||
| 15. | "Premonition" | 3:18 | ||
| 16. | "Killing" | 2:56 | ||
| 17. | "A Farewell Song" | 3:34 | ||
| 18. | "Kirei na Kanjō" (Piano Version) | Akino Arai | 1:46 | |
| 19. | "Indio" | See-Saw | 6:25 | |
| Total length: | 59:03 | |||
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Artist | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Aka to Kuro" ((Xích と hắc,"Red and Black" )) | Arika Takarano | Mikiya Katakura | Ali Project | 4:52 |
| 2. | "Prelude" | 0:56 | |||
| 3. | "Canta per me" (Japanese Version) | Hōko Kuwashima | 3:15 | ||
| 4. | "Lullaby" (Japanese Version) | Tarako | 3:16 | ||
| 5. | "Aime Moi" (Emu Moa(エム・モア)) | Kenzo Saeki | Hirofumi Asamoto | Hōko Kuwashima | 4:17 |
| 6. | "Himitsu" ("Secret"(Bí mật)) | Aya Hisakawa | 5:03 | ||
| 7. | "Salva Nos" (Dialogue Remix) | Yuriko Kaida andKotono Mitsuishi | 4:26 | ||
| 8. | "Love" | Chiaki | 4:59 | ||
| 9. | "Gensou Rakuen" ((Ảo tưởng lặc viên,"Illusion Paradise" )) | Yuriko Kaida | 5:41 | ||
| Total length: | 36:54 | ||||
| No. | Title | Length |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Guest B" | 1:04 |
| 2. | "Melodie" (Salva Nos Version) | 3:03 |
| 3. | "Jealousy" | 2:52 |
| 4. | "At Dawn" | 1:37 |
| 5. | "Black Society" | 2:45 |
| 6. | "Family Affection" | 2:52 |
| 7. | "Church" | 1:51 |
| 8. | "At Ease" | 1:50 |
| Total length: | 18:02 | |
Potential live-action remake
editA possible live action feature based on the anime series has been planned for development by the cable television networkStarz.[37]Sam RaimiandRob Tapert(Hercules: The Legendary Journeys,Xena: Warrior Princess,Legend of the Seeker) are the executive producers for the project. Stephen Lightfoot was serving as executive producer and writer but was replaced by Sean Jablonski.[38][39]
In March 2012, Starz CEO Chris Albrecht commented that production has been put on hiatus as he states in an interview, "We're in a bit of holding pattern withNoir."[40]Then in December of that year, two new writers, Cyrus Voris and Ethan Reiff, were announced to have joined the project and were undertaking re-writes of Jablonski's scripts.[41]By January 2013, Starz CEOChris Albrechtannounced that the project remained at a standstill citing difficulty to get the project creatively to a good place.[42]
Reception
editCritical reception ofNoirhas been positive.NewtyperankedNoirsecond in its top 10 list of anime of the year 2001.[43]Noiralso made a top three place in the top 20 anime in Japan chart byAnihabara!in October 2001.[44][45]In the June 2002 issue ofAnimage,Noirwas voted by the magazine's readers onto a shared 10th place in the best 20 new anime of 2001 in Japan.[46]Josh Mohs ofActive Animecommented that "Noirdoesn't fail to deliver mystery, action, and drama. "Though he lamented" some pacing problems, especially towards the beginning of the series, "he lauded the character interactions as well as the series'" job of tying together all its inherent sub-plots "and the director's" bold move "in leaving" the ending open to viewer interpretation. "[47]In a review of the first DVD compilation byADV Films,Jeremy Conrad ofIGNlauded the series for being "stylistic", stating that "It oozes style", and for its "extremely cool" fight choreography and "great" shootouts, saying that "WhatNoirdoes right is its action. "He also noted the series' character design as being" solid "and the series' soundtrack as being" excellent ", reminiscent of"Éric Serra's stuff in movies such asLa Femme Nikita",but lamented about the slowed pace at the end of the volume, stating that "some of the story stuff they were trying to do [in the fourth and fifth episodes] was snooze inducing."[48]Josh Mohs ofActive AnimecommentEd thatNoir's "strong character interactions are usually enough to pull you through" the pacing problems he saw with the series and further states that, along with the series' "unique twists", the "intriguing character dynamic definitely elevate[s] it above the rest of the competition."[47]Kirika had been voted with Mireille as two of the top ten female anime characters byNewtypein 2001.[49]
Anime News Network's Theron Martin, ten years after the show's original run, gave the series a rating of B+, and commented thatNoir"was at least to some degree an influential title" and "is still recognized as one of the preeminent titles of its type because it redefined what a 'girls with guns' title could be." He went on to praise the show for its "sleek, elegant story" and called it "anime's most pronounced homage to classic film noir". He named Mireille and Kirika "one of anime's most iconic female teams" along with theDirty Pairand credited Kirika as "a precursor of themoecraze that came along later in the decade. "He named" The Lost Kitten "as the series' episode with the best story content, and the double episode" The Intoccabile "as having the worst, noting its" hackneyed look into the Cosa Nostra ". He lamented repetitiveness in action sequences and excessive reuse of scenes especially in early episodes as well as the absence of blood in light of the show's high body count. He showed himself unimpressed with the animation quality, but lauded the show's good looks, in particular those of the environments. He named the" tendency for repetitiveness "of its first half as the soundtrack's" only real flaw "and praised the pieces" Salva Nos "and" Canta Per Me "as" stand[ing] among the all-time great anime themes ". About the English version, he commented that the" casting choices fit and match up well against the original performances "and that the" script stays tight enough to avoid garnering any accuracy complaints ". In conclusion, he said" the series works in the ways that it is supposed to work and should keep viewers thoroughly involved through to the end. "[2]
Diane Tiu ofTHEM Anime ReviewsgaveNoira rating of 4 out of 5 stars, praising the story, characters, soundtrack, and the relationship between Mireille and Kirika, but questioned the lack of blood and how the main characters always seem to take out their opposition single-handedly. Overall, Tiu concludes that "Noir oozes style. It is an original anime that stands out - the perfect anime if you've had too much fluff."[50]Enoch Lau, also ofTHEM Anime Reviews,also gave the series a 4 out of 5 star rating, handing out praise to the animation, visuals, story, soundtrack, action scenes, and the chemistry between Mireille and Kirika. Lau's only criticisms was the lack of blood, as well as the slow pacing of the series, but concluded overall that "The cream of action-drama anime has just gotten sweeter and creamier with Noir. The slow pace and sombre mood of the plot might turn off some people, but those who stick with it will be rewarded with brilliant action scenes and awesome chicks with guns."[51]
Explanatory notes
edit- ^The email Mireille receives from Kirika in episode 1 romanizes her surname as "Yuumura" (with twou's). In addition, theofficial EnglishNoirwebsite(ArchivedApril 8, 2003, at theWayback Machine) also used this naming convention.
- ^Note the homophony to "kuroi", the Japanese word for "black".
- ^InNorth Americathrough Crunchyroll (formerly known asFunimation) and inAustraliathroughMadman Anime.
References
edit- ^"Noir".Funimation.RetrievedJune 26,2018.
- ^abTheron, Martin (September 21, 2011)."Noir DVD – Review".Anime News Network.RetrievedSeptember 22,2011.
- ^abcd"Project Noir - Episodes - Episode 2".Project Noir.ADV Films.Archived fromthe originalon April 8, 2003.RetrievedOctober 5,2009.
- ^ab"Project Noir - Episodes - Episode 1".Project Noir.ADV Films.Archived fromthe originalon December 8, 2003.RetrievedOctober 5,2009.
- ^"More Melody!".Noir: Original Soundtrack I(CD booklet). Composed byYuki Kajiura.Victor Entertainment.2001.
{{cite AV media notes}}:CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^Noir,episode 4 (11:11): WhenKirikachecks Rosaly Hammond's profile.
- ^abNoir,episode 20: Altena tells Chloe about Soldats' history.
- ^Noir,episode 09: "Intocabile Act II".
- ^abNoir,episode 26: "Rebirth".
- ^Noir,episode 24: Dark Return.
- ^Noir,episode 22: "Journey's End".
- ^Noir,episode 22: Kirika's conversation with a Soldats' villager.
- ^Noir,episode 23: Mireille attacks Brefford's building.
- ^Noir,episode 24: Altena's conversation with Borne.
- ^Noir,episode 22: Kirika became True Noir after witnessed the assault on the village.
- ^Wong, Amos (March 2005). "Inside Bee Train".Newtype USA:8–15.
- ^"Interview with Kōichi Mashimo".Newtype USA.7(4). April 2007.
During an interview, I accidentally blurted out something about [NoirandMadlaxbeing part of] a 'trilogy', which forced me to follow through and actually make a third installment!
- ^"Walther P-99".Project Noir.Archived fromthe originalon November 23, 2011.RetrievedAugust 2,2016.
- ^"Beretta M1934".Project Noir.Archived fromthe originalon September 26, 2011.RetrievedAugust 2,2016.
- ^"｢ノワール｣ビデオカセット・DVD"['Noir' Videocassette・DVD] (in Japanese).Victor Entertainment.RetrievedSeptember 30,2009.
- ^"ACEN - ADV Acquisitions".Anime News Network.April 20, 2002.RetrievedOctober 2,2009.
- ^"Noir - Shades of Darkness (Vol. 1)".Amazon. 18 February 2003.RetrievedSeptember 30,2009.
- ^"Noir - End of the Matter (Vol. 7)".Amazon. 28 October 2003.RetrievedSeptember 30,2009.
- ^"Sneak Preview inNewtype USA!".Project Noir.ADV Films.Archived fromthe originalon June 3, 2011.RetrievedOctober 4,2009.
- ^"Funimation Adds Excel Saga, Noir, Bubblegum Crisis".Anime News Network.2010-11-03.
- ^"Noir Complete Collection - Classic Line".Right Stuf. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-09-11.Retrieved2011-01-08.
- ^"Noir Blu-ray Box's Remastering Previewed in Ad".Anime News Network.December 30, 2013.RetrievedDecember 30,2019.
- ^"Noir Remastered BD-BOX".jvcmusic.co.jp.RetrievedFebruary 11,2014.
- ^"Noir Remastered BD-BOX trailer".jvcmusic.co.jp. 24 December 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-12-11.RetrievedFebruary 11,2014.
- ^"Noir Blu-ray Complete Series (Hyb) - Anime Classics".Right Stuf Inc.Archived fromthe originalon 2015-01-29.Retrieved2015-01-27.
- ^Watch Noir,retrieved2022-12-18
- ^"Hắc き tay の 処 nữ たち".Noir.Episode 1. April 6, 2001.TV Tokyo.
- ^"コッペリア の cữu"[Kopperia no Hitsugi].Oricon.RetrievedOctober 5,2009.[dead link]
- ^"Noir Original Soundtrack I".Oricon.RetrievedOctober 3,2009.[dead link]
- ^"Noir Original Soundtrack II".Oricon.RetrievedOctober 3,2009.[dead link]
- ^"Noir Blanc dans Noir〜 hắc の trung の bạch 〜"[Noir: Blanc dans Noir: White in Black].Oricon.RetrievedOctober 3,2009.[dead link]
- ^"Starz Nabs Assassin Project From Sam Raimi".The Hollywood Reporter.2010-11-11.Retrieved2010-11-12.
- ^"Starz Develops Live-Action Remake of Noir Anime".Anime News Network.2010-11-11.Retrieved2010-11-12.
- ^"'Suits' Sean Jablonski to be new showrunner on Starz drama 'Noir'".Digital Spy.2010-10-20.Retrieved2012-02-10.
- ^"Q&A: Starz's Albrecht on the Alchemy of Magic City".MultiChannel News. March 26, 2012.RetrievedMarch 26,2012.
- ^"Cyrus Voris And Ethan Reiff Board Starz's 'Noir' Series As New Writers".Deadline Hollywood.August 2, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 22,2013.
- ^"Chris Albrecht Touts Starz's Independence, Original Programming Rampup: TCA".Deadline Hollywood.January 5, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 22,2013.
- ^"Newtype top 10 Anime".Anime News Network.RetrievedDecember 24,2007.
- ^Anihabara!
- ^"Top Anime in Japan".Anime News Network.October 29, 2001.RetrievedOctober 2,2009.
- ^"June Animage Ranks Anime".Anime News Network.May 10, 2002.RetrievedOctober 2,2009.
- ^abMohs, Josh (July 29, 2008)."Noir Complete Series".Active Anime.RetrievedSeptember 30,2009.
- ^Conrad, Jeremy (January 13, 2003)."Noir - Shades of Darkness".IGN.Archived fromthe originalon July 13, 2011.RetrievedOctober 1,2009.
- ^Newtype top 10 Anime – Anime News Network
- ^Tiu, Diane."THEM Anime Reviews 4.0 - Noir".THEM Anime Reviews.Retrieved30 July2022.
- ^Lau, Enoch."THEM Anime Reviews 4.0 - Noir".THEM Anime Reviews.Retrieved30 July2022.
External links
edit
- Official websiteofJVC(in Japanese)
- Official websiteofFunimation Entertainment
- NoiratIMDb
- NoiratAnime News Network's encyclopedia