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North China(Hoa Bắc) is ageographical regionofChina,consisting of two direct-administered municipalities (BeijingandTianjin), two provinces (HebeiandShanxi), and one autonomous region (Inner Mongolia).
North China | |
---|---|
![]() North People's Republic ofChinaregion | |
Country | ![]() |
Area | |
• Total | 2,185,105 km2(843,674 sq mi) |
Population | |
• Total | 164,823,136 |
• Density | 75/km2(200/sq mi) |
GDP | 2022[2] |
- Total | ¥14.909 trillion ($2.217 trillion) |
- Per Capita | ¥90,457 ($13,449) |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/LocationmapChina2-Huabei.png/250px-LocationmapChina2-Huabei.png)
Part of the larger region ofNorthern China(Beifang), it lies north of theQinling–Huaihe Line,[3]with its heartland in theNorth China Plain.
In modern times, the area has shifted in terms of socio-political and economic composition. Nowadays unique, embracing a North Chinese culture, it is influenced byMarxism,Sovietsystems of industry while preserving a traditional Chinese indigenous culture. Agriculturally, the region cultivateswheat.
Most inhabitants here speak variants of Northern Chinese languages such asMandarin,which includesBeijing dialectand its cousin variants. The Beijing dialect is largely the basis ofStandard Chinese(or Standard Mandarin), the official language of the People's Republic of China (PRC).Jin ChineseandMongolianare also widely spoken due to the political and cultural history of the area.
History
editThis sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(December 2016) |
In prehistory, the region was home to theYangshaoandLongshan cultures.Peking manwas found near modern-day Beijing.
The main agricultural lands of China lay in the area known as theCentral Plain,an area located bordered by theYangtzeriver to its south and theYellow Riverto its north. Further north of the Yellow River lies theGobi desertand steppe lands that extend west acrossEurasia.This region has long, harsh winters. It has relatively little in the way of water resources.[4]: 132
Despite these challenges, some forms of agriculture have been successful in this region, especiallyanimal husbandry,certainly of horse and camel, and possibly other types of animals. The cropsPanicum miliaceumandSetaria italica,both types ofmilletgrain, are believed to be indigenous to northern China.Panicum miliaceumis known from theCishan cultureinHebei province,recovered asphytolithsfrom pits instratigraphicsections.Sedimentsfrom the pits have radiocarbon dates from 8500 to 7500 BCE. Archaeological evidence of charred grains found in earlyHolocenelayers in Hebei province atNanzhuangtouand Cishan has led scholars to revise the earliest dates associated with millet by about two millennia. Millet sites are concentrated along the boundaries of theLoessandMongolian Plateau,separated by a mountain chain from theHuabei plainand theDongbei plain,North China's mainalluvial plains,located to the west. Millet cultivation was similarly situated relative to theQinling mountainsat Dadiwan, and theYitai mountainsatYuezhuang.Macrofossil evidence (charred grains of foxtail and broomcorn millet) has been recovered fromXinglonggouinInner Mongolia,XinleinLiaoning,Cishan in Hebei, andDadiwaninGansu,among other sites in Eastern and Central China.[5]
Administrative divisions in the PRC
editGB[6] | ISO №[7] | Province | Chinese Name | Capital | Population¹ | Density² | Area³ | Abbreviation/Symbol | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jīng | 11 | Beijing Municipality | Thành phố Bắc Kinh Běijīng Shì |
Beijing | 19,612,368 | 1,167.40 | 16,800 | BJ | Kinh |
Jīn | 12 | Tianjin Municipality | Thiên Tân thị Tiānjīn Shì |
Tianjin | 12,938,224 | 1,144.46 | 11,305 | TJ | Tân |
Jì | 13 | Hebei Province | Tỉnh Hà Bắc Héběi Shěng |
Shijiazhuang | 71,854,202 | 382.81 | 187,700 | HE | Ký |
Jìn | 14 | Shanxi Province | Sơn Tây tỉnh Shānxī Shěng |
Taiyuan | 35,712,111 | 228.48 | 156,300 | SX | Tấn |
Měng (Nèi Měnggǔ) | 15 | Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Nei Mongol Autonomous Region |
Nội Mông Cổ khu tự trị Nèi Měnggǔ Zìzhìqū |
Hohhot | 24,706,321 | 20.88 | 1,183,000 | NM | Mông ( nội Mông Cổ ) |
Cities with urban area over one million in population
edit- Provincial capitals inbold.
# | City | Urban area[8] | District area[8] | City proper[8] | Prov. | Census date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Beijing | 16,446,857 | 18,827,262 | 19,612,368 | BJ | 2010-11-01 |
2 | Tianjin | 9,562,255 | 11,090,783 | 12,938,693 | TJ | 2010-11-01 |
3 | Taiyuan | 3,154,157 | 3,426,519 | 4,201,592 | SX | 2010-11-01 |
4 | Shijiazhuang | 2,770,344 | 2,834,942 | 10,163,788 | HE | 2010-11-01 |
5 | Tangshan | 2,128,191 | 3,187,171 | 7,577,289 | HE | 2010-11-01 |
6 | Baotou | 1,900,373 | 2,096,851 | 2,650,364 | NM | 2010-11-01 |
7 | Hohhot | 1,497,110 | 1,980,774 | 2,866,615 | NM | 2010-11-01 |
8 | Datong | 1,362,314 | 1,737,514 | 3,318,054 | SX | 2010-11-01 |
9 | Handan | 1,316,674 | 1,445,338 | 9,174,683 | HE | 2010-11-01 |
10 | Baoding | 1,038,195 | 1,138,521 | 11,194,382 | HE | 2010-11-01 |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census".National Bureau of Statistics of China.Archived fromthe originalon May 11, 2021.
- ^GDP-2022 is a preliminary data"Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province"(Press release). China NBS.
- ^Li, Shuangshuang; Yang, Saini; LIU, Xianfeng (10 September 2015)."Spatiotemporal variability of extreme precipitation in north and south of the Qinling-Huaihe region and influencing factors during 1960-2013".The Chinese Journal of Geography.34(3): 354–363.Retrieved25 May2017.
- ^Hu, Richard (2023).Reinventing the Chinese City.New York:Columbia University Press.ISBN978-0-231-21101-7.
- ^The Cambridge World History Volume II A World With Agriculture 12,000 BCE-500CE.Cambridge University Press. 2015. pp. 316–320.
- ^GB/T 2260 codes for the provinces of China
- ^ISO 3166-2:CN(ISO3166-2codes for the provinces of China)
- ^abcQuốc Vụ Viện dân cư tổng điều tra văn phòng; quốc gia thống kê cục dân cư cùng xã hội khoa học kỹ thuật thống kê tư, eds. (2012).Trung Quốc 2010 năm dân cư tổng điều tra phân huyện tư liệu.Beijing: China Statistics Press.ISBN978-7-5037-6659-6.