Nothobranchiidaeare afamilyofbony fishescontaining roughly 300species,also known asAfrican rivulines.[2]They are smallkillifish,usually measuring about 5 centimetres (2.0 in). They are limited toAfrica,living infresh waterbut being also somewhat salt-tolerant. They are also found in muddy orbrackish water.Some species are kept as aquarium pets. They have frilly fins and many are brightly colored. They were formerly included in the familyAplocheilidae(which was later limited toMalagasy,Seychelleanand Asian species); a return to that broader family has recently been suggested.[3]
| Nothobranchiidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Bluefin notho,Nothobranchius rachovii | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cyprinodontiformes |
| Suborder: | Aplocheiloidei |
| Family: | Nothobranchiidae Garman,1895[1] |
Members ofgenusNothobranchiusare found in mud pools on the plains of Africa, a habitat shared by no other fish except thelungfishes.Their life cycle is only a year long, and they die when the pools dry up, however the species survives because their eggs remain inactive (indiapause) in the dry bottomsubstratethroughout the dry season. (This is not true for lungfish, which are capable of surviving seasonal drying out of their habitats by burrowing into mud and estivating throughout the dry season. They can live to be at least 80 years of age.)[4]Pools of this type are often sprayed with poison to reducemosquitopopulations, which also kills the fish. As might be expected with short-lived species living in an ephemeral habitat, many of these fish reach sexual maturity within weeks of hatching, and are prolific breeders.
Nothobranchius furzeriis the shortest-living vertebrate that can be bred in captivity, having a lifespan of between three and nine months.[5]Nothobranchius furzerineeds much food because it grows quickly, so when food supplied is inadequate, bigger fish will eat the smaller fish.[6]
Genera
editThe following genera are classified in the family Nothobranchiidae:[2]
- AphyosemionMyers,1924(includingChromaphysemion)
- ArchiaphyosemionRadda, 1977
- CallopanchaxMyers, 1933
- EpiplatysGill,1862
- EpisemionRadda&Pürzl,1987
- FenerbahceÖzdikmen,Polat,Yilmaz&Yazıcıoğlu,2006(formerlyAdamas)
- FoerschichthysScheel&Romand,1981
- FundulopanchaxMyers, 1924
- NimbapanchaxSonnenberg&Busch,2009
- NothobranchiusPeters,1868
- PronothobranchiusRadda, 1969
- ScriptaphyosemionRadda & Pürzl, 1987
References
edit
- ^Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014)."Family-group names of Recent fishes".Zootaxa.3882(2): 001–230.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1.PMID25543675.
- ^abFroese, Rainer;Pauly, Daniel (eds.)."Family Nothobranchiidae".FishBase.April 2019 version.
- ^Costa, W.J.E.M. (2016):Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids.Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (2): 125–140.
- ^"Explore by Animal – Granddad: the Aquarium's Oldest Fish".Shedd Aquarium.2013. Archived fromthe originalon 10 March 2013.Retrieved31 March2013.
- ^Valenzano DR, Sharp S, Brunet A (2011)."Transposon-Mediated Transgenesis in the Short-Lived African KillifishNothobranchius furzeri,a Vertebrate Model for Aging ".G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics.1(7): 531–538.doi:10.1534/g3.111.001271.PMC3276177.PMID22384364.
- ^"Species File:Nothobranchius furzeri".Killi.co.uk. 2009–2013.Retrieved8 February2013.
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