Energy in Luxembourgdescribesenergyandelectricityproduction, consumption and import inLuxembourg.Electricity sector in Luxembourgis the main article of electricity in Luxembourg.
Primary energy use in Luxembourg was 48 TWh in 2009, or 98 TWh per million inhabitants.[1]
Luxembourg is a net energy importer; 81.5% of the electricity consumed in the country, for example, was imported from neighboring European countries in 2021.[2]
Overview
edit| Energy in Luxembourg[3] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 0.45 | 55 | 0.8 | 54 | 7.5 | 11.3 |
| 2007 | 0.48 | 49 | 0.9 | 53 | 7.8 | 10.7 |
| 2008 | 0.49 | 48 | 0.9 | 52 | 7.8 | 10.4 |
| 2009 | 0.50 | 46 | 1.3 | 50 | 7.2 | 10.0 |
| 2012 | 0.52 | 48 | 1.4 | 52 | 8.05 | 10.43 |
| 2012R | 0.53 | 47.6 | 1.5 | 50.6 | 7.80 | 10.22 |
| 2013 | 0.55 | 46.2 | 1.6 | 49.0 | 7.71 | 9.77 |
| Change 2004-09 | 11.1% | -16.8% | 57.1% | -8.6% | -3.8% | -11.4% |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses
2012R = CO2calculation criteria changed, numbers updated | ||||||
There was no decline in the climate change gas emissions (CO2) from year 2008 to 2012 in Luxembourg. There was no better efficiency in the use of electricity from 2008 to 2012.
Electricity
editIn 2008, electricity use per person in Luxembourg was 2.6 times greater than in the United Kingdom.[1]
The1970s energy crisisledLuxembourgto briefly consider constructing a nuclear power plant. In 1972RWEand the government negotiated a project to build a 1,200 MWnuclear reactoralong theMoselle rivernearRemerschen.In 1974 there were already signs that there was little support for the project among public opinion. The opposition to the project grew, and became more organized, ultimately forcing the government to cancel the project at the end of 1977. [4]
Subsequently, the construction of the largeFrenchCattenom Nuclear Power Plantin 1979 close to the Luxembourg border caused tensions between the two countries.[4]
Renewable energy
edit
By 2021, renewable energy produced 80% of electricity generated in Luxembourg, comprising wind power at 26%, solar power at 17%, hydro power at 8%, and other renewables (bioenergy, etc) at 29%.[5]
Luxembourg firms are less likely than those throughout the EU to invest in onsite/offsite renewable energy generation (26% versus 41%) and energy efficiency (43% against 59%).[6]Energy prices are also cited by Luxembourgish businesses (84%) as uncertainty about the future as their top long-term investment obstacles.[6]
Climate change
editEmissions ofcarbon dioxidein total, per capita in 2007 were 22.4 tons CO2compared to EU 27 average 7.9 tons CO2.[7]
1990 emissions were 13 Mt CO2eqKyoto protocoltarget is reduction of 4 Mt (28%).[8]
In Luxembourg, 54% of enterprises have invested in mitigating weather-related consequences and lowering carbon emissions. This is close to the current EU average of 56%.[6]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^abIEA Key energy statistics 2010Archived2010-10-11 at theWayback MachinePage: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
- ^Brendan McClintock-Ryan (2022-08-13)."Explainer: Where does Luxembourg's electricity come from?".RTL Today.Retrieved2023-07-05.
- ^IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics2015Archived2016-03-04 at theWayback Machine,2014 (2012R as in November 2015)Archived2015-04-05 at theWayback Machine+ 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria,2013Archived2014-09-02 at theWayback Machine,2012Archived2013-03-09 at theWayback Machine,2011Archived2011-10-27 at theWayback Machine,2010Archived2010-10-11 at theWayback Machine,2009Archived2013-10-07 at theWayback Machine,2006Archived2009-10-12 at theWayback MachineIEAOctober, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
- ^abGuy Thewes (July 2003)."1848 Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848"(PDF)(in French). Service Information et Presse.
- ^Brendan McClintock-Ryan (2022-08-13)."Explainer: Where does Luxembourg's electricity come from?".RTL Today.Retrieved2023-07-05.
- ^abcBank, European Investment (2024-01-31).EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Luxembourg overview.European Investment Bank.ISBN978-92-861-5673-1.
- ^Energy in Sweden 2010ArchivedOctober 16, 2013, at theWayback Machine,Table 1: Emissions of carbon dioxide in total, per capita and per GDP in EU and OECD countries, 2007
- ^Wind energy and EU climate policy Achieving 30% lower emissions by 2020EWEA October 2011 p. 39