Wikipedia

O'Hare International Airport

"O'Hare" redirects here. For other uses, seeO'Hare (disambiguation).

Chicago O'Hare International Airport(IATA:ORD,ICAO:KORD,FAALID:ORD) is a majorinternational airportservingChicago,Illinois, United States, located on the city's Northwest Side, approximately 17 miles (27 km) northwest of theLoopbusiness district. Operated by the Chicago Department of Aviation[4]and covering 7,627 acres (11.92 sq mi; 30.87 km2).[5][6]O'Hare has non-stop flights to 249 destinations in North America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East and the North Atlantic region as of Summer 2024.[7][8]As of 2024, O'Hare is considered the most connected airport in the US, and 5th most connected airport in the world.[9]It is also the United States' 4th busiest airport, and 7th largest airport.[10]

Chicago O'Hare International Airport
Satellite image of the airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorChicago Department of Aviation
ServesChicago metropolitan area
LocationO'Hare,Chicago,Illinois,U.S.
OpenedFebruary 1944;81 years ago(1944-02)[1]
Hubfor
Focus cityforPolar Air Cargo
Operating base for
Time zoneCST(UTC−06:00)
• Summer (DST)CDT (UTC−05:00)
ElevationAMSL204 m / 668 ft
Coordinates41°58′43″N87°54′17″W/ 41.97861°N 87.90472°W/41.97861; -87.90472
Websitewww.flychicago/ohare
Maps
FAA airport diagram
FAA airport diagram
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
4L/22R 2,286 7,500 Asphalt
4R/22L 2,461 8,075 Asphalt
9L/27R 2,286 7,500 Concrete
9C/27C 3,427 11,245 Concrete
9R/27L 3,432 11,260 Asphalt
10L/28R 3,962 13,000 Asphalt
10C/28C 3,292 10,800 Concrete
10R/28L 2,286 7,500 Concrete
Helipads
Number Length Surface
m ft
H1 61 200 Concrete
Statistics (2023)
Passenger volume73,894,226
Aircraft movements720,582
Cargo (metric tons)1,906,462.5
Source: O'Hare International Airport[3]

Designed to be the successor to Chicago'sMidway International Airport,itself once nicknamed the "busiest square mile in the world," O'Hare began as an airfield serving aDouglasmanufacturing plant forC-54military transports duringWorld War II.It was renamed Orchard Field Airport in the mid-1940s and assigned the IATA codeORD.In 1949, it was renamed after aviatorEdward "Butch" O'Hare,the U.S. Navy's firstMedal of Honorrecipient during that war.[11][12]As the first major airport planned after World War II, O'Hare's innovative design pioneered concepts such as concourses, direct highway access to the terminal,jet bridges,and underground refueling systems.[13]

O'Hare became famous during the jet age, holding the distinction as theworld's busiest airport by passenger trafficfrom 1963 to 1998. It still ranks as one of the busiest airports in the world, according to theAirports Council Internationalrankings.[14][15]In 2019, O'Hare had 919,704 aircraft movements, averaging 2,520 per day, the most of any airport in the world, in part because of a large number of regional flights.[16]On the ground, road access to the airport is offered by airport shuttle, bus, theChicago "L",or taxis.Interstate 190(Kennedy Expressway) goes directly into the airport. O'Hare is ahubforAmerican AirlinesandUnited Airlines(which is headquartered inWillis Tower),[17][18]as well as an operating base forFrontier Airlines[19]andSpirit Airlines.[20]

History

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Establishment and defense efforts

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See also:Illinois World War II Army Airfields
Grumman F4F-3 Wildcaton display in O'Hare's Terminal 2, restored in the markings of"Butch" O'Hare's plane

Soon after the opening ofChicago Municipal Airportin 1926, the City of Chicago realized more airport capacity would be needed. The city government investigated various sites in the 1930s but made little progress before America's entry intoWorld War II.[11]

O'Hare began as a manufacturing plant forDouglas C-54 Skymastersduring World War II. The site was known asOrchard Place,previously a small German-American farming community. The 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) plant, in the northeast corner of what is now the airport, needed easy access to the workforce of the nation's second-largest city, as well as its railroads and location far from enemy threat. 655 C-54s were built at the plant, more than half of all produced. The airfield, from which the C-54s flew out, was known as Douglas Airport; initially, it had four 5,500-foot (1,700 m) runways.[11]Less known is the fact that it was the location of the Army Air Force's 803rd Specialized Depot,[21]a unit charged with storing many captured enemy aircraft; a few representatives of this collection would eventually be transferred to theSmithsonian Institution'sNational Air and Space Museum.[22][23]

Douglas Company's contract ended with the war's conclusion. Douglas considered building airliners at Orchard but chose to concentrate civil production at its headquarters inSanta Monica, California.[11]With the departure of Douglas, the complex took the name Orchard Field Airport, and was assigned the IATA codeORD.[24]

TheUnited States Air Forceused the field extensively during theKorean War;the airport then had no scheduled airline service. Although not its primary base in the area, the Air Force used O'Hare as a fighter base; it was home to the62nd Fighter-Interceptor SquadronflyingNorth American F-86 Sabresfrom 1950 to 1959.[25]By 1960, the need for O'Hare as an active duty fighter base was diminishing, just as commercial business was picking up at the airport. The Air Force removed active-duty units from O'Hare and turned the station over toContinental Air Command,enabling them to base reserve andAir National Guardunits there.[26]As a result of a 1993 agreement between the City and theDepartment of Defense,the reserve base was closed on April 1, 1997, ending its career as the home of the928th Airlift Wingand of the126th Air Refueling Wingin 1999. At that time, the remaining 357-acre (144 ha) site came under the ownership of the Chicago Department of Aviation.[27]

Early commercial development

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In 1945, Chicago mayorEdward Kellyestablished a board to choose the site of a new airport to meet future demand. After considering various proposals, the board decided upon the Orchard Field site and acquired most of the federal government property in March 1946. The military retained a small parcel of property on the site and the right to use 25% of the airfield's operating capacity for free.[11]

Ralph H. Burke devised an airport master plan based on the pioneering idea of what he called "split finger terminals", allowing a terminal building to be attached to "airline wings" (concourses), each providing space for gates and planes. (Pre-war airport designs had favored ever-larger single terminals, exemplified byBerlin'sTempelhof.) Burke's design also included underground refueling, direct highway access to the front of terminals, and direct rail access from downtown, all of which are utilized at airports worldwide today.[28]O'Hare was the site of the world's firstjet bridgein 1958,[29][30]and successfully adaptedslip form paving,developed for the nation's newInterstate highway system,for seamless concrete runways.

In 1949, the City renamed the facility O'Hare Airport to honorEdward "Butch" O'Hare,the U.S. Navy's firstflying aceandMedal of Honorrecipient inWorld War II.[31]Its IATA code (ORD) remained unchanged, however, resulting in O'Hare being one of the few IATA codes bearing no connection to the airport's name or metropolitan area.[24]

Arrival of passenger service and subsequent growth

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Scheduled passenger service began in 1955,[32]but growth was slow at first. Although Chicago had invested over $25 million in O'Hare,Midwayremained the world's busiest airport and airlines were reluctant to move until highway access and other improvements were completed.[33]The April 1957Official Airline Guidelisted 36 weekday departures from O'Hare, while Midway had 414. Improvements began to attract the airlines: O'Hare's first international terminal opened in August 1958, and by April 1959 the airport had expanded to 7,200 acres (2,900 ha) with new hangars, terminals, parking and other facilities. Theexpresswaylink to downtown Chicago, now known as theKennedy Expressway,was completed in 1960.[32]New Terminals2 and3, designed byC. F. Murphy and Associates,opened on January 1, 1962.[34]

The biggest factor driving airlines to relocate their operations from Midway to O'Hare was the jet airliner; the first scheduled jet at O'Hare was an American 707 from New York to Chicago to San Francisco on March 22, 1959.[35]One-mile-square (2.6-kilometer-square) Midway had no space for the runways that 707s and DC-8s required. Airlines had been reluctant to move to O'Hare, but they naturally did not want to split their operations: in July 1962, the last fixed-wing scheduled airline flight in Chicago moved from Midway to O'Hare. Until United returned in July 1964, Midway's only scheduled airline was Chicago Helicopter Airways. The arrival of Midway's traffic quickly made O'Hare the world's busiest airport, serving 10 million passengers annually. Within two years, that number would double, with Chicagoans boasting that more people passed through O'Hare in 12 months thanEllis Islandhad processed in its entire existence. O'Hare remained the world's busiest airport until it was eclipsed byHartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airportin 1998.

O'Hare had four runways in 1955;[36]8,000 foot (2,400 m) runway 14R/32L opened in 1956 and was extended to 11,600 feet (3,500 m) a few years later, allowing nonstops to Europe. Runway 9R/27L (now 10L/28R) opened in 1968 and runway 4R/22L in 1971.

Post-deregulation developments

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In the 1980s, after passage ofUS airline deregulation,the first major change at O'Hare occurred whenTWAleft Chicago forSt. Louisas its main mid-continent hub.[37]Although TWA had a large hangar complex at O'Hare and had startedConstellationnonstops to Paris in 1958, by the time of deregulation its operation was losing $25 million a year under competition from United and American.[38]Northwestlikewise ceded O'Hare to the competition and shifted to aMinneapolis/St. PaulandDetroit-centered network by the early 1990s after acquiringRepublic Airlinesin 1986.[39]Deltamaintained an O'Hare hub for some time, even commissioning a new ConcourseL in 1983.[40]Ultimately, Delta found competing from an inferior position at O'Hare too expensive and closed its Chicago hub in the 1990s, concentrating its upper Midwest operations atCincinnati.

The Terminal 1 underground tunnel connects Concourses B and C.

The dominant hubs established at O'Hare in the 1980s by United and American continue to operate today. United developed a new two-concourse Terminal1 (dubbed "The Terminal for Tomorrow" ), designed byHelmut Jahn.It was built between 1985 and 1987 on the site of the original Terminal1; the structure, which includes 50 gates, is best known for its curved glass forms and the connecting underground tunnel between ConcoursesB andC.[41]The tunnel is illuminated with a neon installation titledSky's the Limit(1987) by Canadian artistMichael Hayden,which plays an airy, slow-tempo version ofRhapsody in Blue.[42]American renovated and expanded its existing facilities in Terminal3 from 1987 to 1990; those renovations feature a flag-lined entrance hall to ConcoursesH/K.[43]

The demolition of the original Terminal 1 in 1984 to make way for Jahn's design forced a "temporary" relocation of international flights into facilities called "Terminal4 "on the ground floor of the airport's central parking garage. International passengers were then transferred by bus to and from their aircraft. Relocation finally ended with the completion of the 21-gate International Terminal in 1993 (now called Terminal5); it contains allcustomsfacilities. Its location, on the site of the original cargo area and east of the terminal core, necessitated the construction ofa peoplemover,which connected the terminal core with the new terminal as well as remote rental and parking lots.[40]

Following deregulation and the buildup of the American and United hubs, O'Hare faced increasing delays from the late 1980s onward due to its inefficient runway layout; the airfield had remained unchanged since the addition of its last new runway (4R/22L) in 1971.[44]O'Hare's three pairs of angled runways were meant to allow takeoffs into the wind, but they came at a cost: the various intersecting runways were both dangerous and inefficient. Official reports at the end of the 1990s ranked O'Hare as one of the worst-performing airports in the United States based on the percentage of delayed flights.[45]In 2001, the Chicago Department of Aviation committed to an O'Hare Modernization Plan (OMP). Initially estimated at $6.6 billion, the OMP was to be paid by bonds issued against the increase in the federalpassenger facility chargeenacted that year and federal airport improvement funds.[46]The modernization plan was approved by theFAAin October 2005 and involved a complete reconfiguration of the airfield. The OMP included the construction of four new runways, lengthening two existing runways, and decommissioning three old runways to provide O'Hare with six parallel runways and two crosswind runways.[47]

The OMP was the subject of legal battles, both with suburbs who feared the new layout's noise implications as well as with survivors of persons interred in a cemetery the city proposed to relocate; some of the cases were not resolved until 2011.[48]These issues, plus the reduction in traffic as a result of theGreat Recession,delayed the OMP's completion; construction of the sixth and final parallel runway (9C/27C) began in 2016.[49]Its completion in 2020, along with an extension of runway 9R/27L completed in 2021, concluded the OMP.[50]

Expansion

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Control tower and Terminals 3 and 2 seen from ATS (Airport Transit System)

In 2018, the city and airlines committed to PhaseI of a new Terminal Area Plan dubbed O'Hare 21. The plan calls for two all-new satellite concourses to the southwest of Concourse C, and to expand Terminals 2 and 5 with additional gates, lounges, and updates to operations all over the airport. (Terminal 5 has ten new gates in addition to its newly expanded facilities, plus two additional gates to each accommodate anAirbus A380.)[51]The expansion will enable same-terminal transfers between international and domestic flights, faster connections, improved facilities and technology forTSAandcustomsinspections and much larger landside amenities such as shopping and restaurants. A principal feature of the plan is the reorganization of the terminal core into an "alliance hub," the first in North America; airside connections and layout will be optimized aroundairline alliances.This will be made possible by the construction of theO'Hare Global Terminal (OGT)where Terminal2 currently stands. The OGT and two new satellite concourses will allow for expansion for both American's and United's international operations as well as easy interchange with their respectiveOneworld(American) andStar Alliance(United) partner carriers, eliminating the need to transfer to Terminal 5.

The project will add over 3 million square feet (280,000 m2) to the airport's terminals, add a newcustomsprocessing center in the OGT, reconstruct gates and concourses (new concourses will be a minimum of 150 feet (46 m) wide), increase the gate count from 185 to 235, and provide 25% more ramp space at every gate throughout the airport to accommodate larger aircraft.[52]After an international design competition that featured public voting on five final architectural proposals, the Studio ORD group, led by architectJeanne Gang(in collaboration with SCB,Corgan,Milhouse, and STL Architect), was selected to design the OGT,[53][54]whileSkidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPwill design Satellites1 and2.[55]By terms of the agreement, total costs of $8.5 billion for the project are to be borne by bonds issued by the city, which will be retired by airport usage fees paid by airlines. O'Hare 21 is scheduled for completion of the two satellite terminals in 2028, and overall completion in 2030.[56][57][needs update]

By November 2023, the project's cost had ballooned far over budget, leading both American Airlines and United Airlines to call for the global terminal project to be cancelled or scaled back.[58]On May 3, 2024, American Airlines and United Airlines were able to reach an agreement with the City of Chicago to allow the project to continue. In the agreement, the replacement of Terminal 2 would be accelerated, while the addition of Satellite 2 concourse would be delayed. The replacement of Terminal 2 with the OGT was deemed more critical to complete first instead of the Satellite 2 concourse.[59][60]The design of Satellite 1 concourse was presented to the public on May 29, 2024, it was planned to complete Satellite 1 concourse by 2028.[61]

Facilities

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United Airlines Terminal 1, Concourse B
American Airlines Terminal 3 main hall

Terminals

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O'Hare has four numbered passenger terminals with nine lettered concourses and a total of 213 gates—the most of any airport in the world.[62]

  • Terminal 1is used forUnited Airlines,LufthansaandAll Nippon Airwaysflights. It has 52 gates on two concourses, lettered B–C.[62]
  • Terminal 2is used for mostUnited Expressand some United flights, as well as allAir Canada,Alaska Airlines,andJetBlueflights. It has 41 gates on two concourses, lettered E–F.[62]
  • Terminal 3is used forAmerican Airlines,Aer Lingus,British Airways,Iberia,Japan Airlines,andSpirit Airlinesflights. It has 80 gates on four concourses, lettered G, H, K, and L.[62]
  • Terminal 5is used forDelta Air Lines,Frontier AirlinesandSouthwest Airlinesflights, as well as all international airlines that do not depart from Terminals 1–3.[63][64]Terminal 5 is also used for non-pre–cleared international arrivals, as it currently contains the airport'sU.S. Customs and Border Protectionfacilities.[65]It has 35 non-sequential gates on a single concourse with the highest number being 40, lettered M. There are 3 gates in this terminal that can accommodate an Airbus A380- the largest commercial airplane in the world.[66]

Terminals 1–3 are connected airside via a walkway.[67]Terminal 5 is separated from the others by taxiways and does not have a walkway between it and Terminals 1–3; passengers transferring between Terminal 5 and the others can only do so landside via a shuttle bus or theAirport Transit System,requiring rescreening at security, or via an airside shuttle bus that runs between Terminal 5 and Terminals 1 and 3 every 15 minutes from 11:30 am to 9:30 pm.[67]

Runways

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O'Hare has two sets of parallel runways, one on either side of the terminal complex. Each airfield has three parallel east–west runways (9L/27R, 9C/27C, and 9R/27L on the north side; 10L/28R, 10C/28C, and 10R/28L on the south side) and a crosswind runway oriented northeast–southwest (4L/22R on the north, 4R/22L on the south). The north crosswind runway, 4L/22R, sees limited usage due to intersecting 9R/27L and 9C/27C;[68]however, runway 22L is often used for takeoffs during what is called "west flow" on the main runways. The airfield is managed by threeFAAair traffic controltowers. O'Hare has a voluntary nighttime (22:00–07:00)noise abatementprogram.[69]

In 2015, runway 32R/14L was permanently closed after 72 years of service, in favor of the new runway 10R/28L. In 2019, runway 32L/14R was also closed.[70]

Currently, O'Hare has the most runways of any civilian airport in the world, totaling eight.[71]

Hotel

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The Hilton Chicago O'Hare is between the terminal core and parking garage and is currently the only hotel on airport property. It is owned by the Chicago Department of Aviation and operated under an agreement withHilton Hotels,who extended their agreement with the city by ten years in 2018.[72]

Ground transportation

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TheAirport Transit Systemshuttles passengers between the terminal core (Terminals 1–3), Terminal 5, and the O'Hare Multi-Modal Facility (MMF).[73]The system, which re-opened on November 3, 2021, resumed round-the-clock service starting at 5 a.m. on Monday, April 18, 2022,[74]after a nearly six-year renovation.[75]Meanwhile, free shuttle buses also continue to run 24/7 and contribute to congestion, boarding on the upper (departures) level of all terminals. The Bus Shuttle center, located on the ground level of the parking garage between Terminals 1–3 and directly opposite the Hilton Hotel, provides a temporary boarding location for local hotel shuttles and regional public transport buses.[76]The O'Hare Multi-Modal Facility is the home of all on-airport car rental firms as well as some extended parking.[77]In addition, the Chicago-area commuter rail system,Metra,has atransfer stationof itsNorth Central Service(NCS) located at the northeast corner of the MMF; however, the NCS currently operates an occasional schedule on weekdays only.[78]

TheCTABlue Line's north terminus is atO'Hareand provides direct service to downtown via theMilwaukee–Dearborn subwayinthe Loopand continuing to west suburbanForest Park.Trains depart at intervals ranging from every four to thirty minutes, 24 hours a day.[79]The station is located on the lower level of the parking garage, and can be accessed directly from Terminals1–3 via tunnel and from Terminal5 via shuttle bus.

Pace,Peoria Charter,Van Galder Bus Company,andWisconsin Coach Linesoperate bus service to O'Hare, stopping at the MMF.

O'Hare is directly served byInterstate 190,which offers interchanges with Mannheim Road (U.S. 12and45), the Tri-State Tollway (Interstate 294), andInterstate 90.I-90 continues as the Kennedy Expressway into downtown Chicago and becomes the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway northwest to Rockford and the Wisconsin state line.

Cargo facilities

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There are presently two main cargo areas at O'Hare. The South Cargo Area was relocated in the 1980s from the airport's first air cargo facilities, located east of the terminal core, where Terminal5 now stands. Many of the structures in this new cargo area then had to be rebuilt, again, to allow for the OMP and specifically runway 10R/28L; as a result, what is now called the South Cargo Area is located between 10R/28L and 10C/28C. This large collection of facilities, in three sections (Southwest, South Central, and Southeast), was established mainly by traditional airline-based air cargo;Air France Cargo,American,JAL Cargo,KLM,Lufthansa Cargo,Northwest and United all built purpose-built, freestanding cargo facilities,[80]although some of these are now leased out to dedicated cargo firms. In addition, the area contains two separate facilities for shipperFedExand one forUPS.[80]

The Northeast Cargo Area (NEC) is a conversion of the former military base (the Douglas plant area) at the northeast corner of the airport property. It is a new facility designed to increase O'Hare's cargo capacity by 50%. Two buildings currently make up the NEC: a 540,000 square feet (50,000 m2) building completed in 2016,[81]and a 240,000 square feet (22,000 m2) building that was completed in 2017.[82]A third structure will complete the NEC with another 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of warehouse space.[83]

The current capability of the cargo areas provide 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) of airside cargo space with parking for 40 wide-body freighters matched with over 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) of landside warehousing capability. O'Hare shipped over 1,700,000 tonnes (1,900,000 short tons) in 2018,fifthamong airports in the U.S.[84]

Other facilities

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In 2011, O'Hare became the first major airport to build anapiaryon its property; every summer, it hosts as many as 75 hives and a million bees. The bees are maintained by 30 to 40 ex-offenders with little to no work experience and few marketable skills; they are primarily recruited from Chicago'sNorth Lawndaleneighborhood. They are taught beekeeping but also benefit from the bees' labor, turning it into bottled fresh honey, soaps, lip balms, candles and moisturizers marketed under thebeeloveproduct line.[85][86]More than 500 persons have completed the program, transferring to jobs in manufacturing, food processing, customer service, and hospitality; the repeat-offender rate is reported to be less than 10%.[87]

The CDA's Airport Airfield Operations section is based out of the 150 ft (50 m) tall prototype tower architect I.M. Pei designed for the FAA in the 1960s -1970s.

Airlines and destinations

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Passenger

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AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Aer LingusDublin[88]
AeroméxicoGuadalajara,[citation needed]Mexico City[citation needed][89]
Air CanadaMontréal–Trudeau,Toronto–Pearson,Vancouver[90]
Air Canada ExpressMontréal–Trudeau,Toronto–Pearson[91]
Air FranceParis–Charles de Gaulle[citation needed][92]
Air IndiaDelhi[93]
Air New ZealandAuckland(suspended)[94][95]
Air SerbiaBelgrade[96]
Alaska AirlinesAnchorage,Portland (OR),San Francisco,Seattle/Tacoma[97][98]
All Nippon AirwaysTokyo–Haneda,Tokyo–Narita[99]
American AirlinesAlbuquerque,Atlanta,Austin,Boston,Cancún,Cedar Rapids/Iowa City,Charlotte,Cleveland,Dallas/Fort Worth,Denver,Des Moines,Detroit,Fort Lauderdale,Fort Myers,Grand Rapids (MI),Hartford,Houston–Intercontinental,Indianapolis,Kansas City,Las Vegas,London–Heathrow,Los Angeles,Miami,Minneapolis/St. Paul,New Orleans,New York–JFK,New York–LaGuardia,Newark,Orange County (CA),Orlando,Philadelphia,Phoenix–Sky Harbor,Raleigh/Durham,Sacramento,St. Louis,Salt Lake City,San Antonio,San Diego,San Francisco,San José del Cabo,San Juan,Seattle/Tacoma,Tampa,Tucson,Washington–National,West Palm Beach
Seasonal:Anchorage,[100]Aruba,[citation needed]Athens,[citation needed]Baltimore,[citation needed]Barcelona,[citation needed]Bozeman,[citation needed]Buffalo,[citation needed]Calgary,[citation needed]Cozumel,[citation needed]Destin/Fort Walton Beach,[citation needed]Dublin,[citation needed]Eagle/Vail,[citation needed]El Paso,[citation needed]Glacier Park/Kalispell,[citation needed]Grand Cayman,[citation needed]Guatemala City,[citation needed]Jackson Hole,[citation needed]Jacksonville (FL),[citation needed]Key West,[citation needed]Liberia (CR),[citation needed]Madrid(begins March 30, 2025),[101]Montego Bay,[citation needed]Naples(begins May 6, 2025),[102]Nashville,[citation needed]Nassau,[citation needed]Omaha,[citation needed]Palm Springs,[citation needed]Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[citation needed]Pittsburgh,[citation needed]Portland (OR),[citation needed]Providenciales,[citation needed]Puerto Vallarta,[citation needed]Punta Cana,[citation needed]Rome–Fiumicino,[citation needed]St. Thomas,[citation needed]Sarasota,[citation needed]Savannah,[citation needed]Vancouver[citation needed]		[103]
American EagleAlbany,Appleton,Asheville,Aspen,Atlanta,Austin,Baltimore,Bangor,Birmingham (AL),Bismarck(resumes June 5, 2025),[104]Bloomington/Normal,Boise(resumes June 5, 2025),[105]Boston,Buffalo,Cedar Rapids/Iowa City,Champaign/Urbana,Charleston (SC),Cincinnati,Cleveland,Colorado Springs(resumes June 5, 2025),[106]Columbia (MO),Columbia (SC),[107]Columbus–Glenn,Dayton,Des Moines,Detroit,El Paso,Evansville,[108]Fargo,Fayetteville/Bentonville,Flint,Fort Wayne,Grand Rapids,Green Bay,Greensboro,Greenville/Spartanburg,Harrisburg,Hartford,Huntsville,Indianapolis,Jacksonville (FL),Kalamazoo,Kansas City,Key West,Knoxville,La Crosse,Lansing,Le xing ton,Little Rock,Louisville,Madison,Manhattan (KS),Marquette,Memphis,Milwaukee,Minneapolis/St. Paul,Moline/Quad Cities,Nashville,Norfolk,Oklahoma City,Omaha,Peoria,Pittsburgh,Providence,Raleigh/Durham,Rapid City,Richmond,Rochester (MN),Rochester (NY),St. Louis,Salt Lake City,Sioux Falls,Springfield (IL),Springfield/Branson,Syracuse,Toronto–Pearson,Traverse City,Tulsa,Waterloo (IA),Wausau,White Plains,Wichita,Wilkes-Barre/Scranton
Seasonal:Billings,[citation needed]Bozeman,[citation needed]Burlington (VT),[citation needed]Dallas/Fort Worth,[citation needed]Halifax(begins June 21, 2025),[109]Harlingen,[citation needed]Hayden/Steamboat Springs,[110]Hilton Head,Hyannis(begins June 21, 2025),[111]Manchester (NH),[citation needed]Martha's Vineyard,[citation needed]Missoula,[citation needed]Montréal–Trudeau,[citation needed]Myrtle Beach,[citation needed]Nantucket,[citation needed]Newark,[citation needed]New Orleans,[citation needed]Panama City (FL),[citation needed]Pensacola,[citation needed]Portland (ME),[citation needed]Quebec City,[citation needed]Wilmington (NC)[citation needed]		[103]
Austrian AirlinesVienna[112]
AviancaBogotá[113]
Avianca Costa RicaSeasonal:Guatemala City,San José (CR)[114][115]
Avianca El SalvadorSeasonal:San Salvador(resumes June 3, 2025)[116][116]
British AirwaysLondon–Heathrow[117]
Cathay PacificHong Kong[118][119]
Contour AirlinesCape Girardeau,[120]Fort Leonard Wood,[120]Kirksville,Manistee,[121]Marion,Owensboro[122]
Copa AirlinesPanama City–Tocumen[123]
Delta Air LinesAtlanta,Boston,Detroit,Minneapolis/St. Paul,New York–JFK,New York–LaGuardia,Salt Lake City,Seattle/Tacoma[124]
Delta ConnectionBoston,Minneapolis/St. Paul,New York–JFK[124]
Denver Air ConnectionDubuque,[125]Ironwood,Jackson (TN),[126]Muskegon,[127]Watertown[128]
EmiratesDubai–International[129]
Ethiopian AirlinesAddis Ababa1[130]
Etihad AirwaysAbu Dhabi[131]
EVA AirTaipei–Taoyuan[132]
FinnairSeasonal:Helsinki[133][134]
Frontier AirlinesAtlanta,Austin(resumes March 6, 2025),[135]Cancún,Charlotte,[136]Dallas/Fort Worth,[136]Denver,[136]Fort Myers,[137]Houston–Intercontinental,[138]Las Vegas,[139]Nashville,[140]Orlando,Philadelphia,[141]Phoenix–Sky Harbor,Punta Cana,Salt Lake City,[142]Sarasota,[137]Tampa,[137]West Palm Beach[137][143]
IberiaMadrid[144]
IcelandairReykjavík–Keflavík[145]
ITA AirwaysSeasonal:Rome–Fiumicino[146][147]
Japan AirlinesTokyo–Haneda,Tokyo–Narita(resumes May 31, 2025)[148][149]
JetBlueBoston,New York–JFK[150]
KLMAmsterdam[151]
Korean AirSeoul–Incheon[152]
LOT Polish AirlinesKraków,Warsaw–Chopin[153]
LufthansaFrankfurt,Munich[154]
Qatar AirwaysDoha[155]
Royal JordanianAmman–Queen Alia[156]
Scandinavian AirlinesCopenhagen[157]
Southern Airways ExpressBurlington (IA),Quincy,West Lafayette[158][159]
Southwest AirlinesAustin,Baltimore,Cancún,Dallas–Love,Denver,Las Vegas,Nashville,Orlando,Phoenix–Sky Harbor[160]
Spirit AirlinesCancún,Dallas/Fort Worth,Detroit,Fort Lauderdale,Fort Myers,Houston–Intercontinental,Las Vegas,Los Angeles,Miami,New Orleans,New York–LaGuardia,Newark,[161]Orlando,San Juan,Tampa
Seasonal:Myrtle Beach,[citation needed]Phoenix–Sky Harbor[citation needed]		[162]
Sun Country AirlinesMinneapolis/St. Paul[163]
Swiss International Air LinesZürich[164]
TAP Air PortugalLisbon[165]
Turkish AirlinesIstanbul[166]
United AirlinesAlbany,Albuquerque,Amsterdam,Aruba,Atlanta,Austin,Baltimore,Boston,Bozeman,Brussels,Buffalo,Burlington (VT),[citation needed]Calgary,Cancún,Cedar Rapids/Iowa City,Charleston (SC),Charlotte,Cincinnati,Cleveland,Columbus–Glenn,Dallas/Fort Worth,Denver,Des Moines,Detroit,Fort Lauderdale,Fort Myers,Frankfurt,Grand Rapids,Greenville/Spartanburg,Guatemala City,[citation needed]Harrisburg,Hartford,Honolulu,Houston–Intercontinental,Jacksonville (FL),Kahului,Kansas City,Las Vegas,London–Heathrow,Los Angeles,Madison,Memphis,Mexico City,Miami,Minneapolis/St. Paul,Montego Bay,Munich,Nashville,New Orleans,New York–LaGuardia,Newark,Norfolk,Omaha,Ontario(begins May 22, 2025),[167]Orange County (CA),Orlando,Paris–Charles de Gaulle,Pensacola (FL),Philadelphia,Phoenix–Sky Harbor,Pittsburgh,Portland (ME),Portland (OR),Punta Cana,Raleigh/Durham,Reno/Tahoe,Richmond,Rochester (NY),Sacramento,Salt Lake City,San Antonio,San Diego,San Francisco,San Jose (CA),San José del Cabo,San Juan,São Paulo–Guarulhos,Sarasota,Savannah,Seattle/Tacoma,Sioux Falls,St. Louis,Syracuse,Tampa,Tel Aviv(suspended),[citation needed]Tokyo–Haneda,Toronto–Pearson,Traverse City,Vancouver,Washington–Dulles,Washington–National,Wichita,[citation needed]Zürich
Seasonal:Anchorage,[citation needed]Athens,[168]Barcelona,[citation needed]Belize City,[citation needed]Boise,[citation needed]Colorado Springs,[citation needed]Cozumel,[citation needed]Dublin,[citation needed]Eagle/Vail,[citation needed]Edinburgh,[citation needed]Edmonton(resumes May 22, 2025),[169]Fairbanks,[citation needed]Fresno,[citation needed]Glacier Park/Kalispell,[citation needed]Grand Cayman,[citation needed]Hayden/Steamboat Springs,[citation needed]Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo,[citation needed]Jackson Hole,[citation needed]Key West,[citation needed]Knoxville,[citation needed]Liberia (CR),[citation needed]Kailua-Kona,[citation needed]Milan–Malpensa,[citation needed]Montrose,[citation needed]Myrtle Beach,[citation needed]Nassau,[citation needed]Palm Springs,[citation needed]Providenciales,[citation needed]Puerto Vallarta,[citation needed]Rapid City,[citation needed]Reykjavík–Keflavík,[citation needed]Rome–Fiumicino,[citation needed]St. Lucia–Hewanorra,[citation needed]St. Maarten,[citation needed]St. Thomas,[citation needed]San José (CR),[citation needed]Shannon,[citation needed]Spokane,[citation needed]Tucson,[citation needed]Tulum,[170]West Palm Beach[citation needed]		[171]
United ExpressAkron/Canton,Albany,[citation needed]Allentown,Appleton,Asheville,Billings(begins May 22, 2025),[167]Birmingham (AL),Boise,Buffalo,Cedar Rapids/Iowa City,Charleston (SC),Charleston (WV),Charlottesville (VA),Chattanooga,Cincinnati,Cleveland,[citation needed]Colorado Springs,Columbia (SC),Columbus–Glenn,Dayton,Decatur,Des Moines,Detroit,Eau Claire,[172][173]Duluth,El Paso,Fargo,Fayetteville/Bentonville,Flint,Fort Dodge,Fort Wayne,Grand Rapids,Green Bay,Greensboro,Greenville/Spartanburg,Gunnison/Crested Butte,[174]Harrisburg,Houghton,Huntsville,Indianapolis,Johnstown (PA),Knoxville,Le xing ton,Lincoln,Little Rock,Louisville,Madison,Mason City,Memphis,Milwaukee,Moline/Quad Cities,Montréal–Trudeau,Monterrey,Morgantown (WV),[175]Nashville,New Orleans,Oklahoma City,Omaha,Ottawa,Peoria,Pittsburgh,Portland (ME),Richmond,Roanoke,Rochester (NY),Saginaw,St. Louis,Salina,Savannah,Sioux City,Sioux Falls,South Bend,Springfield/Branson,State College,Syracuse,Toronto–Pearson,Traverse City,Tulsa,Wichita,Wilkes-Barre/Scranton,Winnipeg[176]
Seasonal:Albuquerque,[citation needed]Aspen,[citation needed]Austin,[citation needed]Bangor,[citation needed]Bozeman,[citation needed]Burlington (VT),[citation needed]Glacier Park/Kalispell,[citation needed]Great Falls,[citation needed]Halifax(resumes May 24, 2025),[167]Harlingen,[177]Hartford,[citation needed]Hayden/Steamboat Springs,[citation needed]Hilton Head[citation needed],Jacksonville (FL),[citation needed]Joplin,[citation needed]Kansas City,[citation needed]Key West,[citation needed]Minneapolis/St. Paul,[citation needed]Missoula,[citation needed]Montrose,[citation needed]Myrtle Beach,[citation needed]Nantucket,[citation needed]New York–LaGuardia,[citation needed]Norfolk,[citation needed]Panama City (FL),Pellston(resumes May 8, 2025),[178]Pensacola (FL),[citation needed]Providence,[citation needed]Québec City,[179]Raleigh/Durham,[citation needed]Rapid City,[citation needed]Rhinelander(resumes May 22, 2025),[180]Salt Lake City,[citation needed]San Antonio,Sault Ste. Marie (MI)(resumes May 15, 2025),[178]Spokane,[citation needed]Sun Valley,[citation needed]Tucson,[citation needed]Washington–National,[citation needed]Wilmington (NC)[181]		[171]
VivaGuadalajara,León/Del Bajío,Mexico City,Monterrey,Morelia[182]
VolarisGuadalajara,León/Del Bajío,Mexico City,Monterrey,[183]Morelia,Querétaro[citation needed]
WestJetSeasonal:Calgary,Edmonton(begins June 4, 2025)[184][185]

^1:Ethiopian Airlines flight from Addis Ababa to O'Hare stops at Rome–Fiumicino,[186]but the flight from O'Hare to Addis Ababa is non-stop.

Cargo

edit
AirlinesDestinationsRefs
AeroLogicFrankfurt
AeroUnionMexico City–AIFA
AirBridgeCargoDallas/Fort Worth,Houston–Intercontinental,Luxembourg(all suspended)[187]
Air Canada CargoToronto–Pearson[188]
Air China CargoAnchorage,Beijing–Capital,Frankfurt,New York–JFK,Shanghai–Pudong,Tianjin
Air France CargoDublin,Glasgow–Prestwick,New York–JFK,Paris–Charles de Gaulle
ANA CargoTokyo–Narita[189]
Asiana CargoAnchorage,Atlanta,New York–JFK,Seattle/Tacoma,Seoul–Incheon
ASL Airlines BelgiumLiège
Atlas AirAmsterdam,Anchorage,Cincinnati,Dallas/Fort Worth,Frankfurt,Hong Kong,Honolulu,Los Angeles,Liège,Miami,Milan–Malpensa,New York–JFK,Seoul–Incheon,Stuttgart,Tokyo–Narita[190]
CargoluxAnchorage,Atlanta,Dallas/Fort Worth,Hong Kong,Indianapolis,Kuala Lumpur–International,Los Angeles,Luxembourg,New York–JFK,Singapore,Zhengzhou
Cathay CargoAnchorage,Hong Kong,New York–JFK,Portland (OR)
China Airlines CargoAnchorage,Houston–Intercontinental,Nagoya–Centrair,San Francisco,Seattle/Tacoma,Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo AirlinesAnchorage,Atlanta,Dallas/Fort Worth,Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern CargoGuangzhou,Shanghai–Pudong[191]
DHL AviationAnchorage,Calgary,Cincinnati,Newark,New York–JFK
Emirates SkyCargoCopenhagen,Dubai–Al Maktoum,Maastricht/Aachen,Miami[192]
Etihad CargoFrankfurt[193]
EVA Air CargoAnchorage,Dallas/Fort Worth,Taipei–Taoyuan
FedEx ExpressFort Worth/Alliance,Greensboro,Indianapolis,Los Angeles,Memphis,Milwaukee,Newark,Oakland,Omaha,Pittsburgh,Portland (OR),Seattle/Tacoma
Korean Air CargoAnchorage,Halifax,Los Angeles,San Francisco,Seattle/Tacoma,Seoul–Incheon,Toronto–Pearson
LATAM Cargo ChileCampinas[194]
LOT Polish AirlinesWarsaw–Chopin
Lufthansa CargoAnchorage,Atlanta,Frankfurt,Guadalajara,Los Angeles,Manchester (UK),Mexico City–AIFA,New York–JFK[195]
MartinairOslo
MSC Air CargoIndianapolis,Liège[196]
Nippon Cargo AirlinesAnchorage,Dallas/Fort Worth,Edmonton,Los Angeles,New York–JFK[197][198]
Qantas FreightAnchorage,Auckland,Chongqing,Honolulu,Los Angeles,Melbourne,Sydney[199][200][201][202]
Qatar Airways CargoAmsterdam,Brussels,Doha,Los Angeles,Milan–Malpensa,Ostend/Bruges,[203]Singapore[204][205][206][207]
Silk Way AirlinesBaku[208]
Singapore Airlines CargoAnchorage,Atlanta,Brussels,Dallas/Fort Worth,Los Angeles,Seattle/Tacoma[209]
Suparna AirlinesAnchorage,Shanghai–Pudong
Turkish CargoIstanbul,Maastricht/Aachen,Shannon,Toronto–Pearson[210][211]
UPS AirlinesCologne/Bonn,Columbus–Rickenbacker,Dallas/Fort Worth,Louisville,Miami,Philadelphia,Portland (OR)

Statistics

edit

Top destinations

edit
Busiest domestic routes from ORD (June 2023 – May 2024)[212]
Rank Airport Passengers Carriers
1 New York–LaGuardia, New York 1,150,550 American, Delta, Spirit, United
2 Los Angeles, California 1,125,500 American, Spirit, United
3 Denver, Colorado 1,004,510 American, Frontier, Southwest, United
4 Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona 913,190 American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
5 San Francisco, California 895,310 Alaska, American, United
6 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 872,500 American, Frontier, Spirit, United
7 Orlando, Florida 863,680 American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
8 Atlanta, Georgia 786,240 American, Delta, Frontier, Spirit, United
9 Las Vegas, Nevada 781,620 American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
10 Newark, New Jersey 753,080 American, Spirit, United
Busiest international routes from ORD (October 2022 – September 2023)[213]
Rank Airport Passengers Carriers
1 London–Heathrow, United Kingdom 1,008,885 American, British Airways, United
2 Cancún, Mexico 862,563 American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
3 Toronto–Pearson, Canada 704,364 Air Canada, American, United,
4 Mexico City, Mexico 667,260 Aeroméxico, United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris
5 Frankfurt, Germany 586,239 Lufthansa, United
6 Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France 438,682 Air France, American, United
7 Dublin, Ireland 411,649 Aer Lingus, American, United
8 Tokyo–Haneda, Japan 396,394 ANA, Japan Airlines, United
9 Istanbul, Turkey 386,478 Turkish
10 Munich, Germany 378,187 Lufthansa, United

Airline market share

edit
Top airlines at ORD
(February 2023 – January 2024)[212]
Rank Airline Passengers Percent of market share
1 United Airlines 23,788,000 40.58%
2 American Airlines 13,342,000 22.76%
3 SkyWest Airlines 5,447,000 9.29%
4 Envoy Air 2,773,000 4.73%
5 Delta Air Lines 2,538,000 4.42%
Other 10,479,000 18.27%

Annual traffic

edit
Annual passenger traffic at ORD airport. SeeWikidata query.
Traffic by calendar year[214]
Year Passenger volume Change over previous year Aircraft operations Cargo tonnage
2000 72,144,244 0.64% 908,989 1,640,524
2001 67,448,064 6.51% 911,917 1,413,834
2002 66,565,952 1.31% 922,817 1,436,386
2003 69,508,672 4.40% 928,691 1,601,736
2004 75,533,822 8.67% 992,427 1,685,808
2005 76,581,146 1.38% 972,248 1,701,446
2006 76,282,212 0.30% 958,643 1,718,011
2007 76,182,025 0.15% 926,973 1,690,742
2008 70,819,015 7.03% 881,566 1,480,847
2009 64,397,782 9.07% 827,899 1,198,426
2010 67,026,191 3.83% 882,617 1,577,048
2011 66,790,996 0.35% 878,798 1,505,218
2012 66,834,931 0.04% 878,108 1,443,569
2013 66,909,638 0.12% 883,287 1,434,377
2014 70,075,204 4.45% 881,933 1,578,330
2015 76,949,336 9.81% 875,136 1,742,501
2016 77,960,588 1.31% 867,635 1,726,362
2017 79,828,183 2.40% 867,049 1,950,137
2018 83,339,186[215] 4.40% 903,747 1,868,880
2019 84,649,115 1.69% 919,704 1,788,001
2020 30,860,251 63.54% 538,211 2,052,025
2021 54,020,399 75.06% 684,201 2,536,576
2022 68,340,619 26.50% 711,561 2,235,709
2023 73,894,226 8.13% 720,582 1,906,463

On-time performance (domestic major U.S. carriers only)

edit
On-time performance by calendar year[212]
Year Percent of on-

time departures

Percent of on-

time arrivals

Average departure

delay (min)

Average arrival

delay (min)

Percent of

cancelled flights

2017 79% 81% 69.43 77.38 1.40%
2018 77% 77% 69.15 77.91 2.14%
2019 75% 75% 73.69 86.01 3.11%
2020 84% 85% 65.36 78.36 6.18%
2021 81% 82% 70.40 82.42 1.93%
2022 78% 79% 70.26 80.29 2.75%

Major accidents and incidents

edit

The following is a list of major crashes or incidents that occurred to planes at O'Hare, on approach, or just after takeoff from the airport:[216]

See also

edit

Notes

edit

References

edit
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