Wikipedia

Oblivion(2013 film)

Oblivionis a 2013 Americanpost-apocalypticromanticaction-adventuredrama filmproduced and directed byJoseph Kosinskifrom a screenplay byKarl GajdusekandMichael deBruyn,starringTom Cruisein the main role alongsideMorgan Freeman,Olga Kurylenko,Andrea Riseborough,Nikolaj Coster-Waldau,andMelissa Leoin supporting roles. Based on Kosinski's unpublished graphic novel of the same name, the film pays homage to 1970s sci-fi, and is a "love story" set in 2077 on an Earth desolated by an alien war; a maintenance technician on the verge of completing his mission finds a woman who survived from a space ship crash, leading him to question his purpose and discover the truth about the war.[a]

Oblivion
Tom Cruise wearing his space suit, walking along the desolate land with the ruined Manhattan Bridge behind him.
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJoseph Kosinski
Screenplay by
Based onOblivion
by Joseph Kosinski
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyClaudio Miranda
Edited byRichard Francis-Bruce
Music by
Production
companies
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release dates
  • March 26, 2013(2013-03-26)(Buenos Aires)
  • April 19, 2013(2013-04-19)(United States)
Running time
124 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States[2][3]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$120 million[4]
Box office$287.9 million[4]

Oblivionpremiered inBuenos Aireson March 26, 2013, and was released in theaters byUniversal Pictureson April 19.[10]The film grossed $286 million worldwide on a production budget of $120 million and received mixed reviews from critics.

Plot

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In 2017, scavenger aliens destroyed theMoonand invadedEarth;although humans won the war, the use of nuclear weapons left the Earth uninhabitable.

In 2077, repair technician Jack and communications officer Victoria appear to be the last people left on Earth. Jack repairscombat dronesthat hunt the remaining scavengers and guard hydrothermal platforms that convert seawater intofusion energy.The work is reported to Sally, the commander aboard the "Tet", a space station orbiting Earth. Within two weeks, the group will be departing for Saturn's moonTitanto join colonists there. Though Jack and Victoria's memories have been wiped, Jack dreams of a pre-war life with an unknown woman.

Jack escapes a scavenger trap while searching for a disabled drone inside theNew York Public Libraryruins. Later, in the night, a hydrothermal platform is destroyed. Jack discovers that the scavengers are radioing coordinates from theEmpire State Building'santenna and sending the transmission into space. He occasionally visits a secluded lake filled with vegetation and a lakeside cabin he built filled with mementos of Earth's past.

An object falls from the sky to the coordinates. Jack finds five humans in sleep pods, including the woman from his dreams. A drone destroys four pods, but Jack prevents it from killing the woman and takes her to his and Victoria's aerial base. The woman, Julia, is a NASA astronaut who has been insuspended animationaboard the Odyssey spaceship for the past 60 years.

Jack and Julia retrieve the Odyssey'sflight recorderbut are captured by scavengers and taken to theRaven Rock Mountain Complex.The leader, Malcolm, reveals that the scavengers are disguised human survivors hiding from the drones. He frees Jack and Julia and insists on visiting the desert area that Jack knows as the deadly Radiation Zone so that they can discover the truth for themselves. Julia helps Jack recall that she is his wife.

Victoria sends a jet to retrieve Jack and Julia. Seeing their closeness, she reports to Sally that she and Jack are no longer "an effective team". Sally dispatches a drone that kills Victoria. Jack and Julia flee in the jet and destroy the drones chasing them, but they crash in the desert dubbed as "Radiation Zone", where they discover another clone of Jack arriving to fix disabled drones. Jack incapacitates him, but Julia is shot during their fight. Jack impersonates the clone to return to its base for medical supplies, where he encounters a clone of Victoria. Jack takes Julia to his cabin, where she recovers.

Back at Raven Rock, Malcolm tells them the Tet is an alienmachine intelligenceship that is extracting the planet's resources. The moon's destruction caused catastrophic disasters on Earth, followed by an invasion from thousands of Jack clones. The Titan colony and humanity's victory are fictional. The survivors brought down the Odyssey spaceship for itsnuclear reactorto craft a bomb. Jack reprograms a captured drone to deliver the bomb to Tet, but other drones attack the base, destroying the captured drone and gravely injuring Malcolm. Jack and Julia volunteer to deliver the bomb to the Tet manually.

En-route to Tet, Jack learns that he is a clone of the NASA mission commander, Jack Harper, who was on a mission to explore Titan. Victoria was his co-pilot, his wife Julia a crew member, and Sally the Earth mission director. After the mission was interrupted by the Tet's arrival, Jack separated the control capsule to save the crew members in their stasis pods. He and Victoria were captured and cloned.

Jack enters Tet and offers the pod containing Julia to the Tet's projection of Sally since the Tet would only let Jack on board if it sensed another life-form in the pod. However, upon opening, Malcolm instead emerges from the pod and together they set off the bomb, destroying the Tet. Julia awakens in her pod by the cabin.

Three years later, Julia and her and Jack's daughter are living in the cabin. Survivors arrive with the help of the clone that Jack previously subdued in the desert. The clone has also recovered the original Jack's memories.

Cast

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  • Tom Cruiseas Jack Harper—Tech 49, a technician who works to repair drones on Earth and questions his mission. Originally, he was the American commander of a mission en route to Titan who was captured by the Tet and cloned to fight humanity. Cruise also plays Jack Harper—Tech 52, a clone who seeks out Julia after the destruction of the Tet.
  • Morgan Freemanas Malcolm Beech, an American veteran soldier and leader of a large community of scavengers, the human survivors of the alien Tet's attacks.
  • Olga Kurylenkoas Julia Rusakova Harper, Jack's wife and a Russian crew member on theOdyssey,who was sent back towards Earth by her husband to protect her from the initial contact with the Tet.
  • Andrea Riseboroughas Victoria "Vika" Olsen, Jack's communications partner and housemate. Originally, she was the British co-pilot of Jack's mission to Titan who was captured and cloned to assist in the Tet's war on humanity. Riseborough also plays a clone of Vika who Jack misleads to obtain medical supplies.
  • Nikolaj Coster-Waldauas Sergeant Sykes, the main military commander of Beech's community of scavengers who is skeptical of Jack at first.
  • Melissa Leoas the Tet, an alien artificial intelligence seeking to acquire Earth's natural resources and wipe out humanity. Leo also plays Sally, the mission director of Jack and Julia's mission to Titan; her likeness was copied by the Tet to serve as its visual and auditory representation.
  • Zoë Bellas Kara, a soldier and member of the scavengers.

Production

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Development

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The Bubble Ship seen in the film (above) was inspired by theBell 47helicopter (below).

Joseph Kosinskistarted the movie process by beginning work on a graphic novel calledOblivionfeaturing his story. While the completion of this would be teased to the public and the concept was used to pitch the movie, it was never finished and Kosinski claims he never intended to, stating it was "just a stage in the project [of film development]". Arvid Nelson was billed as co-writer andRadical Comicswas attached as publisher. The novel was never finished; Kosinski explaining: "the partnership with Radical Comics allowed me to continue working on the story by developing a series of images and continuing to refine the story more over a period of years. Then I basically used all that development as a pitch kit to the studio. So even though we really never released it as an illustrated novel the story is being told as a film, which was always the intention."[11][12][13]

Walt Disney Pictures,which produced Kosinski's previous filmTron: Legacy(2010), acquired theOblivionfilm adaptation rights from Radical Comics and Kosinski after a heated auction in August 2010. The film was a directing vehicle for Kosinski, with Barry Levine producing, and Jesse Berger executive producing. Other studios that made bids on the film wereParamount Pictures,20th Century Fox,andUniversal Pictures.[14]Disney subsequently released the rights after realizing thePG-ratedfilm they envisioned, in line with their family-oriented reputation, would require too many story changes. Universal, which had also bid for the original rights, then bought them from Kosinski and Radical and authorized a PG-13 film version.[15]

The film's script was originally written by Kosinski andWilliam Monahanand underwent a first rewrite byKarl Gajdusek.[16]When the film passed into Universal's hands, a final rewrite was done byMichael Arndt,under the pen name "Michael deBruyn".[17]Universal was particularly appreciative of the script, saying, "It's one of the most beautiful scripts we've ever come across."[18]

The Bubble Ship operated by Cruise's main character, Jack 49, was inspired by theBell 47helicopter (often colloquially referred to as a "bubble cockpit" helicopter), a utilitarian 1947 vehicle with a transparent round canopy that Kosinski saw in the lobby of theMuseum of Modern ArtinManhattan,and which he likened to adragonfly.Daniel Simon,who previously worked with Kosinski as the lead vehicle designer onTron: Legacy,was tasked with creating the Bubble Ship from this basis, incorporating elements evocative of an advanced fighter jet with the Bell 47 to create a light, functional vehicle that was both practical and aesthetically pleasing, much as he observed with the ships inStanley Kubrick's2001: A Space Odyssey(1968).[19]

"When Kubrick made2001,rather than going to the hotshot concept designers of the day, he hiredNASAengineers ", said Simon." I believe inform follows function.I'm not a fan of excessive decoration, of putting fins on something because it looks cool ". Rather than employ digital models, Wild Factory, a Camarillo concept car company, built the Bubble Ship as a 25-foot-long (7.6 m), 4,000–5,000 lb (1,800–2,300 kg), mostly aluminum prop. Elements of the cockpit, such as the placement of the joystick and pedals, were customized for Cruise, who is a qualified pilot, and who had some input into the design. The craft was also made to be easy to disassemble and assemble, to facilitate transport to Iceland shooting locations, where it would be mounted on agimbalfor shots of it flying. The unmanned aerial drones that were featured prominently in the plot were created to appear to be in the same design family as the Bubble Ship.[19]

Casting

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Tom Cruisehad expressed interest in the film for a long time, and officially signed to play the lead role on May 20, 2011.[15]

For casting the lead role of Julia opposite Cruise, the producers considered five actresses:Jessica Chastain,Olivia Wilde,Brit Marling,Noomi RapaceandOlga Kurylenko,and all five auditioned on August 27, 2011.[20]On September 26, 2011, it was announced that Chastain had been cast.[21]Chastain was subsequently offered the lead role in theKathryn BigelowfilmZero Dark Thirty(2012) and Cruise let her be released from her contract forOblivionto make the other film, for which Chastain has publicly thanked Cruise.[22]The role was later recast with Kurylenko.[23]

In preparation for the role, Kurylenko watched astronaut training videos as well as classic science fiction and romance films, such asSolaris(1972),Notorious(1946), andCasablanca(1942).[24]"What's funny is I actually watchedSolaris;Joseph never brought it up ", said Kurylenko." I come fromTarkovsky-land, and at that point I hadn't watched it for many years. I watchedthe new oneas well, withGeorge ClooneyandNatascha McElhone.The story – both inSolarisandOblivion– deals with space and memory. "[25]

For the other leading role, Victoria, the producers initially consideredHayley Atwell,Diane KrugerandKate Beckinsale.The three actresses traveled toPittsburghto screen-test with Cruise, who was filmingJack Reacher(2012).[26]The role finally went toAndrea Riseborough.Melissa Leowas cast at a later date as Sally.[27]

Filming

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Production began on March 12, 2012, and concluded on July 14, 2012. Filming locations includedBaton RougeandNew Orleans,Louisiana.[28][29][30]Out of approximately three months of shooting, 69 days were shot in Louisiana, from March through May 2012, 11 days were shot in New York in June 2012, a few in Mammoth in California in June 2012, and 10 days were filmed inIcelandin June 2012,[31]when the daylight lasts for nearly 24 hours a day. As well as showcasing Iceland's volcanic landscapes, the film's director Joseph Kosinski sought to take advantage of the round-the-clock light, in particular the 6pm to 1am waning light known as "magic hour",to" bring sci-fi out into the daylight ", in contrast with films such asAlien,which spent their time in dark hulls or benighted planets.[19][32]

The single most difficult scene to film was when Harper takes a break to admire the view and waters a flower. It was filmed by having Cruise sit next to an 800-foot (240-meter) drop at the top of Iceland's Jarlhettur on the root ofLangjökull,which is accessible only by helicopter.[33]The scenes set at Harper's idyllic forest retreat were filmed at Black's Pond inJune Lake, California.[34]

Oblivionwas filmed withSony'sCineAltaF65 camera, which was shipped in January 2012.[35]ARed Epicwas also used for scenes that required going handheld or when body mount rigging was applied.[36]The film was shot in4K resolutionin Sony's proprietaryraw image format,but for cost reasons (and over Kosinski's protests), both thedigital intermediateand final version were done at2K resolution.[37]

For the Sky Tower set (built on a soundstage in Baton Rouge), Kosinski and cinematographer Claudio Miranda worked closely with visual special-effects housePixomondoto establish both environment and lighting by the use of 21 front-screen projectors aimed at a huge wraparound backdrop to form one continuous image, rather thanblue screenbackdrops.[38]The backdrop consisted of a single seamless piece of painted whitemuslin,500 by 42 feet (152 by 13 meters), which was wrapped around the set for 270-degree coverage.[37]This enabled the full environment to be captured in camera, and assisted in lighting up to 90 percent of the set.[36]

Had blue screen been used on the "glass house" Sky Tower, the glass would have disappeared into the blue lighting, and would have had to be reproduced digitally in post-production.[37]The actors enjoyed working in the environment, as they could look outside and actually see the sunrise or sunset imagery.[37]This new technique allowed them to cut down on both the effects shots, which ended up at around 800 in total, and the expenses. Even the "control table" which Victoria operates was filmed then displayed on a large screen.[39]

To obtain the necessary footage to create the illusion that the Sky Tower set was sitting high above the clouds, Pixomondo sent a crew to film the view from the peak ofHaleakalāinHawaiifor four days with three Red Epic cameras mounted side by side on a single rig.[38]Pixomondo's Stuttgart office then stitched together the data from the three cameras to form a single gigantic video stream (with each still image consisting of 26 megapixels) and produced a variety of different time-of-day clips to be projected on the set.[38]

Music

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Main article:Oblivion (2013 soundtrack)

On June 28, 2012, it was announced that French electronic actM83,consisting solely of Anthony Gonzalez at the time, would compose the soundtrack forOblivion.[40]On why he chose M83 to score the film, director Joseph Kosinski said, "I went back and I found my first treatment forOblivionfrom 2005 and it had listed in the treatment a soundtrack of M83. Obviously, theTron: Legacycollaboration withDaft Punkworked out as good as I would have ever hoped, [so] I wanted to do something similar in that I'm pulling an artist from outside the movie business to create an original sound for this film. "Kosinski continued," Daft Punk's music wouldn't make sense for this movie. It had to be an artist whose music fit the themes and story I was trying to tell. And M83's music I felt was fresh and original, and big and epic, but at the same time emotional and this is a very emotional film and it felt like a good fit. "[41]

To guide Gonzalez through the scoring process, Kosinski brought inJoseph Trapanese,to co-write the score alongside Gonzalez. Kosinski stated, "Together they have created the score that I have dreamed about since I first put this story down on paper eight years ago."[42]Trapanese first came to Kosinski's attention when he collaborated with Daft Punk onTron: Legacyas arranger and orchestrator.[43]

In an interview withRolling Stone,Gonzalez said, "I started to write the soundtrack just reading the script, and then when you get the picture in, it's different, and you kind of switch to another vibe and change stuff and start experimenting a lot with the music." Gonzalez added, "I worked with Joseph a lot, and he's very particular about the music in his movies, so we spent a lot of time talking about music and working the arrangements together."[44]

Back Lot Music released the soundtrack on April 16, 2013.[45]A deluxe edition of the soundtrack was released the same day exclusively throughiTunes.It features an additional 13 tracks.[46]The soundtrack featured original music by M83, along with music composed by Gonzalez and Trapanese. The lyrics to "Oblivion"were written by Gonzalez andSusanne Sundfør.Metacriticrated the soundtrack 55/100.[47]

Release

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Marketing

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Details aboutOblivionwere kept secret, though the studio was said to have been "very excited" about the film. Promotions began in April 2012, with a part of the footage being screened at the2012 CinemaConeven though filming had begun just one month before the event. The footage was described as "a combination of early concept art, rough animation, and unfinisheddailies",showcasing a glimpse of the film's landscapes.[18]

Theatrical release

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Oblivionwas first presented inBuenos Aireson March 26, 2013,Dublinon April 3, and inHollywoodon April 10 at theDolby Theatrewhere Cruise himself announced before the screening that the film was actually the first feature to be mixed completely "from start to finish" in the latest state-of-the-artDolby Atmossurround sound.[48]

Home media

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The DVD and Blu-ray forOblivionbecame available online for pre-order in North America on April 24, 2013, just five days after its initial release in the region.[49]One month later it was announced that the United Kingdom branch of Universal Studios would be releasing the film on home video in its region on August 6, 2013, with the on-demand version on August 18, 2013. The release was scheduled to be in both a standard and a SteelBook Limited Edition form.[50]In June 2013, it was announced that the film would be released on home video in America also on August 6, 2013. The Blu-ray releases features commentary with Tom Cruise and director Joseph Kosinski, deleted scenes, M83's isolated score, and a series of making-of featurettes.[51]The Blu-ray debuted at number 1 in sales for its opening week.[52] On August 9, 2016, the 4K Blu-Ray edition was released.[53]

Reception

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Box office

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InNorth America,the film earned US$37.1 million on its opening weekend, including US$5.5 million from IMAX screenings in 323 theaters, making it Cruise's best North American opening afterTop Gun: Maverick,Mission: Impossiblefilm seriesandWar of the Worlds.[54]

The film closed on June 27, 2013.Obliviongrossed US$89.1 million in the U.S. and US$198.8 million internationally, bringing the worldwide total to US$287.9 million.[4]

Critical response

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On review aggregation websiteRotten Tomatoes,the film has an approval rating of 54% based on 259 reviews and an average score of 5.90/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Visually striking but thinly scripted,Oblivionbenefits greatly from its strong production values and an excellent performance from Tom Cruise. "[55]Metacriticgives the film a score of 54 out of 100 based on 41 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[56]Audiences polled byCinemaScoregave the film an average grade of "B-" on an A+ to F scale.[57]

Todd McCarthyofThe Hollywood Reporterstated "Oblivionis an absolutely gorgeous film dramatically caught between its aspirations for poetic romanticism and the demands of heavy sci-fi action ".[58]Justin Chang ofVarietysaid "Insofar asOblivionis first and foremost a visual experience, a movie to be seen rather than a puzzle to be deciphered, its chief pleasures are essentially spoiler-proof. "[59]Kevin Harley ofTotal Filmgave the film three stars and said "It isn't arebootor reimagining, refreshingly, butOblivionplays like a stylised remix of superior sci-fi ground-breakers ".[60]Andrew O'Hehir ofSalonpraised it as a "sly, surprising and visually magnificent Tom Cruise vehicle that has forced me – and many other people, I suspect – to revise my first opinion of director Joseph Kosinski."[61]

Tasha Robinson fromThe A.V. Clubstates that an "unsettling sense of not-quite-right coats all of the film's steely surfaces, and Kosinski and his co-writers give audiences plenty of time to absorb the unease and gear up for the action".[61]Some reviewers noted the filmmakers' ambition.James BerardinelliofReelViewscalls the film "imperfect but some of its imperfections result from being overly ambitious".[61]Bill Goodykoontz from theArizona Republicstates that the film "may not live up fully to its grand ambitions, but it isn't for lack of trying".[61]Jake Coyle of theAssociated Pressstates that "[f]or those who enjoy the simple thrill of handsomely stylized image-making,Oblivionis mostly mesmerizing. "[61]Alan Scherstuhl from theVillage Voicestates that "Kosinski proves himself talented in ways hisTron: Legacydidn't suggest. "[61]

Kenneth Turanfrom theLos Angeles Timescalled the film "[m]ore adventurous than your typical Hollywood tent pole,Oblivionmakes you remember why science fiction movies pulled you in way back when and didn't let you go. "[61]Michael O'Sullivan ofThe Washington Poststates that "[i]f you're able to forgive and forget,Oblivionisn't a bad place to start loving Tom Cruise all over again. "[61]Steven ReaofThe Philadelphia Inquirerstates that "[Cruise] oversees some pretty impressive stuff here, from the drones that ping-pong around in the air to the bubbleship that Jack uses to go to and fro to that awesome house with its panoramic views."[61]Peter Howell of theToronto Starstates that the film "gives us stars in the cast, stars in our eyes and it even tweaks a brain cell or three".[61]

Colin Covert from theMinneapolis Star Tribunestates that the "film is rife with elements from its finest predecessors –Kubrick,Lucas,the Wachowskis,andPixarcould be listed as creative consultants – but it has the spirit of a love letter to classic sci-fi, not an opportunistic mash-up ".[62]Cary Darling of theFort Worth Star-Telegramstates that the film is "stitched together from spare bits of other, often better films, stumbl[ing] awkwardly in story and plot, shuffling toward the predictable explosions and fireballs of the third act. Yet...Oblivionis so beautiful to look at. "[61]

Richard CorlissofTimestated that "[i]n space, Jack [Harper] hopes, someone may hear you dream. But in a movie theater, no one will see you yawn."[61]Anthony LaneofThe New Yorkerstates that the film "[f]eels ever more grounded and stuck."[61]Richard Roeperof Richard Roeper called it the "sci-fi movie equivalent of a pretty damn good cover band".[61]Tom Charity ofCNNcalled it "[g]lossy, derivative, ambitious and fatally underpowered."[61]J. R. Jonesof theChicago Readerstates that the "story eventually devolves into a grab bag of sci-fi tropes but, as with so many other Cruise productions, the sheer scale of everything is so mind-numbing that you may not notice".[61]Rick Groen of Canada'sThe Globe and Mailcalled it "an okay blockbuster, a multimillion-dollar exercise in competence".[61]

Tom Long of theDetroit Newsstates that "Kosinski offers plenty of action here, and he lets the plot reveals bleed out slowly (explanations keep coming right to the end)." Long states that "a great deal is derivative, but it's fast-moving derivative".[61]Stephen Whitty of theNewark Star-Ledgerstates that the movie "combines a lot of different films, yet somehow remains less than the sum of its parts".[61]Claudia Puig ofUSA Todaystates that "Kosinski focuses on cool visuals but stints on a compelling plot. It's a dazzler, but the story lacks the impact of the futuristic look."[61]Joe MorgensternofThe Wall Street Journalstates that the "mystery posed byOblivionas a whole is why its mysteries are posed so clumsily and worked out so murkily ".[61]

Manohla DargisofThe New York Timesstates that the "agony of being a longtime Tom Cruise fan has always been a burden, but now it's just, well, dispiriting".[61]Rafer Guzman ofNewsdaystates that "[p]laying spot-the-influence is the most fun you'll have during this expensive-looking, slow-moving plod through familiar territory."[61]Joe Williams of theSt. Louis Post-Dispatchstates that "[i]nstead of developing characters, Kosinski pours most of his imagination into the annihilated landscapes and futuristic gadgetry."[61]Michael Phillips of theChicago Tribunestates that "[w]hen you go to a futuristic, dystopian, post-apocalyptic barn dance starring Tom Cruise and his space guns, you expect a little zap with your thoughtful pauses."[61]Peter TraversofRolling Stonecalls it "arid and antiseptic, untouched by human hands".[61]

Rene Rodriguez of theMiami Heraldstates that the "filmmakers don't even have the courage to see the story to its proper end, opting for a ridiculous finale that feels vaguely insulting".[61]Soren Anderson fromThe Seattle Timesstates that "[y]ou start wondering whether director Joseph Kosinski and screenwriters Karl Gajdusek and Michael DeBruyn have any original ideas of their own. And then you realize they don't."[61]Randy Myers of theSan Jose Mercury Newsstates that the "mix of gee-whiz gadgetry and the day-to-day routineness of Jack and Victoria's lives is interesting enough, but the film is too glacially paced for it to work".[61]Chris Nashawaty ofEntertainment Weeklystates that "[a]ll the eye candy in the world can't mask the sensation that you've seen this all before...and done better. Too bad the movie's script wasn't given the same attention as its sleek, brave-new-world look."[61]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Attributed to multiple sources.[5][6][7][8][9]

References

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  1. ^"Oblivion(12A) ".British Board of Film Classification.RetrievedApril 3,2013.
  2. ^"Oblivion (2013)".TCM Movie Database.Archivedfrom the original on June 7, 2014.RetrievedJune 3,2014.
  3. ^"Oblivion (2013)".American Film Institute.Archivedfrom the original on July 15, 2014.RetrievedJuly 7,2014.
  4. ^abc"Oblivion(2013) ".The Numbers.Archivedfrom the original on July 12, 2019.RetrievedSeptember 5,2019.
  5. ^MACDONALD, HEIDI (April 1, 2013)."That Oblivion" graphic novel "will probably never be PUBLISHED".The BEAT.Archivedfrom the original on May 13, 2019.RetrievedJuly 31,2019.
  6. ^"CCI: Kosinski Illuminates" Oblivion "| CBR".WWW.CBR.COM.July 22, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on July 31, 2019.RetrievedJuly 31,2019.
  7. ^GOLDBERG, MATT (August 4, 2010)."Disney Locks Down OBLIVION for TRON: LEGACY Director Joseph KOSINSKI".COLLIER.Archivedfrom the original on January 5, 2020.RetrievedJuly 31,2019.
  8. ^"/Film Interview: 'Oblivion' Director Joseph KOSINSKI"./FILM.April 19, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on July 31, 2019.RetrievedJuly 31,2019.
  9. ^Director Joseph Kosinski and actor Tom Cruise talk about Oblivion (2013).
  10. ^"Joseph Kosinski's Tom Cruise Vehicle 'Oblivion' Moves To April 2013"./FILM.March 15, 2012.Archivedfrom the original on May 13, 2019.RetrievedJuly 31,2019.
  11. ^Steve Sunu (July 22, 2010)."CCI: KOSINSKI ILLUMINATES" OBLIVION "".Comic Book Resources.Archivedfrom the original on March 4, 2016.RetrievedNovember 15,2012.
  12. ^Rich Johnston (April 12, 2013)."Oblivion, Based On The Non-Existing Graphic Novel".Bleeding Cool.Archivedfrom the original on April 14, 2013.RetrievedApril 12,2013.
  13. ^"Joseph Kosinski on Oblivion".March 31, 2013.
  14. ^Fleming, Mike (August 4, 2010)."Disney Acquires Joseph Kosinski's Graphic Novel 'Oblivion'".Deadline.Archivedfrom the original on January 5, 2012.RetrievedMarch 25,2012.
  15. ^abFleming, Mike (May 20, 2011)."Tom Cruise Commits To $100 Million Universal Sci-Fi Pic 'Oblivion' For Fall".Deadline.Archivedfrom the original on January 6, 2012.RetrievedMarch 21,2012.
  16. ^Kit, Borys (March 16, 2011)."Karl Gajdusek Tapped to Re-Write Disney's Horizons (Exclusive)".The Hollywood Reporter.Archivedfrom the original on October 26, 2012.RetrievedMarch 21,2012.
  17. ^Roper, Dave (January 24, 2012)."Olga Kurylenko and Andrea Riseborough Added To Tom Cruise Sci-Fi Project".Hey U Guys.Archivedfrom the original on March 21, 2012.RetrievedMarch 21,2012.
  18. ^abBreznican, Antony (April 27, 2012)."CinemaCon 2012: Tom Cruise dives from heaven to hell inOblivionfootage ".Entertainment Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on November 26, 2015.RetrievedMay 8,2012.
  19. ^abcKeegan, Rebecca. "'Oblivion' Cruise-Mobile".HeroComplex.Los Angeles Times.Spring 2013. pp. 8 - 9.
  20. ^Rich, Katey (August 25, 2011)."Joe Kosinski's Oblivion Renamed Horizons Again, Five Hot Actresses Testing For Roles".CINEMABLEND.Cinema Blend.Archivedfrom the original on March 14, 2012.RetrievedMarch 21,2012.
  21. ^"Castings: Jessica Chastain Joins Tom Cruise in Apocalyptic Drama; Eric Bana is 'Brilliant'".September 27, 2011.
  22. ^"Jessica Chastain Reveals How Tom Cruise Saved 'Zero Dark Thirty'".The Hollywood Reporter.April 3, 2017.
  23. ^Eisenberg, Eric (January 19, 2012)."Jessica Chastain Out, Andrea Riseborough And Olga Kurylenko In For Joseph Kosinski's Next Science Fiction Film".Cinema Blend.Archivedfrom the original on March 12, 2012.RetrievedMarch 21,2012.
  24. ^Vineyard, Jennifer (April 22, 2013)."Olga Kurylenko talks 'Oblivion', 'To The Wonder', and 'Erased'".IFC.Archivedfrom the original on September 24, 2015.RetrievedApril 25,2013.
  25. ^Schmidlin, Charlie (April 19, 2013)."Olga Kurylenko Talks Romance Behind 'Oblivion', Sharing 'Solaris' With Joseph Kosinksi & Making 'Empires Of The Deep'".The Playlist.Archived fromthe originalon May 11, 2013.RetrievedApril 25,2013.
  26. ^"Cruise's Oblivion Eyes Leading Lady".IGN.Newscorp. October 26, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon August 20, 2012.RetrievedMay 8,2012.
  27. ^Fleming, Mike (March 23, 2012)."Melissa Leo Joins Tom Cruise Pic 'Oblivion'".Deadline. Archived fromthe originalon March 25, 2012.RetrievedMarch 29,2012.
  28. ^"Talent Search for Lead Role in Feature Film Starring Tom Cruise".Lead Casting Call. Archived fromthe originalon March 7, 2012.RetrievedMarch 21,2012.
  29. ^Plaisance, Stacey (February 3, 2012)."Tom Cruise movie headed for Louisiana".Deseret News.Archived fromthe originalon February 19, 2014.RetrievedMarch 21,2012.
  30. ^"Current Productions UPCOMING PROJECTS".Film New Orleans. Archived fromthe originalon September 2, 2018.RetrievedMarch 21,2012.
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