Wikipedia

Oliver's Army

"Oliver's Army"is a song written by English musicianElvis Costelloand performed by Costello andthe Attractions,from the former's third studio albumArmed Forces(1979). The song is anew wavetrack that was lyrically inspired bythe Troublesin Northern Ireland and includes lyrics critical of the socio-economic components of war. Costello had travelled to Northern Ireland and was influenced by sights ofBritish soldierspatrolling Belfast. Musically, the song features a glossy production and a keyboard performance inspired byABBA,creating a juxtaposition between the lyrics and music that both critics and Costello have pointed out.[citation needed]

"Oliver's Army"
SinglebyElvis Costelloandthe Attractions
from the albumArmed Forces
B-side"My Funny Valentine"
Released2 February 1979(1979-02-02)
RecordedAugust–September 1978
StudioEden,London
Genre
Length2:58
LabelRadar
Songwriter(s)Elvis Costello
Producer(s)Nick Lowe
Elvis Costelloandthe Attractionssingles chronology
"Radio Radio"
(1978) 		"Oliver's Army"
(1979) 		"Accidents Will Happen"
(1979)

Released as the first single fromArmed Forces,"Oliver's Army" was Costello's most successful single in the United Kingdom, spending three weeks at number two on theUK Singles Chartand remaining on the chart for 12 weeks. The song also charted in New Zealand, the Netherlands, Ireland and Australia, and it spawned the successful follow-up single "Accidents Will Happen",which reached the top 30 in the UK.

"Oliver's Army" has since been recognised by writers as one of the highlights ofArmed Forcesand has received critical acclaim for its melody, production, and lyrics. The song has appeared on numerous rankings of Costello's great songs as well as on multiple compilation albums. It has been covered by multiple artists, includingBlur.

Background

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Elvis Costello wrote "Oliver's Army" aboutthe Troubles.

Costello wrote "Oliver's Army" as a comment onthe Troublesin Northern Ireland during the 1970s. He was inspired to write the song after seeingBritish soldierspatrolling the streets ofBelfast.[2]He stated, "I made my first trip to Belfast in 1978 and saw mere boys walking around in battle dress with automatic weapons. They were no longer just on the evening news. These snapshot experiences exploded into visions of mercenaries and imperial armies around the world. The song was based on the premise 'they always get a working class boy to do the killing'".[3][4]Costello's family was of Northern Irish descent; his father,Ross McManus,recalled,"'Oliver's Army' is an important track for me... My grandfather was anUlster Catholic,and as a child, I lived in an area where bigotry was rife ".[5]Costello's grandfather, Pat McManus, had served in the British Army during World War I and theEaster Rising.[2][6]

According toSound on Sound,the title "Oliver" refers to English statesmanOliver Cromwell,who led aParliamentarianarmy whichconquered Irelandin 1649.[7][8]In addition to the Troubles, the song references other "imperialist battles" inHong Kong,PalestineandSouth Africa.[7]However, Costello later explained that the song was not intended to be a comprehensive political piece; he said "It wasn't supposed to read like a coherent political argument. It was pop music".[2]He also pointed out that the opening lyrics "argued the absurdity of even trying to write about such a complex subject".[2]

The song lyrics contain the phrase "white nigger",a racial slur which usually remains uncensored on radio stations. The usage of the phrase came under scrutiny, particularly after Costello used racial slurs during a drunken argument withStephen StillsandBonnie Bramlettin 1979.[nb 1]The same year, Costello's father published a letter inRolling Stonedefending his son against accusations of racism, stating "Nothing could be further from the truth. My own background has meant that I am passionately opposed to any form of prejudice based on religion or race...His mother comes from the tough multiracial area of Liverpool, and I think she would still beat the tar out of him if his orthodoxy were in doubt".[5]

In March 2013, the radio stationBBC Radio 6 Musicplayed the song with the phrase removed, despite BBC radio stations having played the song uncensored for over 30 years.[nb 2]This decision attracted public criticism, with critics citing the intendedanti-racistandanti-wartheme of the single.[4][10][11][12]In January 2022, Costello said that he would no longer be performing the song and asked that radio stations no longer play it.[13]In an interview on Australian radio around the same time, Costello clarified he did not specifically ask radio stations to stop playing the song, but he did state that the way some radio stations edited or bleeped the phrase called attention to the phrase without engaging the context in which it was written.[14]Costello resumed playing an updated version of the song as part of his 2024 tour.[15]

Music

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Dubbed "a 45 that radio could hardly refuse" by AllMusic's Mark Deming, "Oliver's Army" is anew wavesong with a radio-friendly arrangement that has been described as "glossy".[16][17]Deming noted the "pop-friendly production" and Costello's "almost jubilant-sounding vocal [distinct] from the traditionally dour (or threatening) Costello, who even embellished himself with some tight vocal harmony overdubs".[16]The song was noted for keyboardistSteve Nieve's "buoyant" piano part, which was inspired byABBA's 1976 hit single "Dancing Queen".[16][17][18]Nieve has explicitly acknowledged the influence.[19]

Many critics have made note of the juxtaposition between the song's music and lyrics; Jim Beviglia ofAmerican Songwritersaid that"'Oliver's Army' heap[s] bucketfuls of the sweet stuff all over the instrumental arrangement to make sure his acerbic lyrics would get the audience they deserved ", while Deming described the song as part of Costello's" most pungently political set of songs up to that time, but wrapped them in catchy melodies...that gave Elvis the Menace a real chance at cracking the singles charts in America ".[16][17]Janet Maslin ofRolling Stone,summarizing the song's multiple dimensions, wrote, "You can hear it one way, or the other way, or both. Elvis Costello doesn't seem to give a damn what you do, and that’s no small part of his charm".[20]

Costello later said "I don't think [the song's] success was because of the lyrics. I always liked the idea of a bright pop tune that you could be singing along to for ages before you realize what it is you're actually singing. Of course, the downside of that is some people only hear the tune and never listen to the words. After a while, I got frustrated at that".[8][21]

Release

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"Oliver's Army" became our biggest hit single, stalling at number two on the charts while records byBlondie,Boney M.,and theBee Geesall overtook us at the top of the hit parade. I thought briefly about changing my name again to something beginning with aB.

– Elvis Costello[2]

"Oliver's Army" was first performed at the 1978Roskilde Festival.At the time, the song was not seen as a potential hit. BassistBruce Thomaslater said, "I wasn't particularly aware that that was going to be our anthemic song...It's hard to tell".[22]Costello expected that the song would be used as aB-side.[23][18]According to Costello, he was "about to scrap" the track until producerNick Loweconvinced him to finish recording the song.[2]However, the song was completed to be released on Costello'sArmed Forces(1979).

"Oliver's Army" was released as the debut single fromArmed Forceson 2 February 1979, backed with Costello's rendition of the 1937 show-tune "My Funny Valentine".[24][nb 3]The single became a commercial hit in the UK, reaching number two over a chart stay of 12 weeks,[26]and remains Costello's most successful UK single release. Costello never reached number one in the UK.[27]"Oliver's Army" was also a hit in other countries, reaching number 4 in Ireland, number 24 in Australia, and number 25 in New Zealand. However, the song failed to chart in the United States despite radio airplay and the success ofArmed Forcesin the U.S.[7][28][29][30][31]The follow-up single "Accidents Will Happen"also saw commercial success, charting at number 28 in the United Kingdom.[26]

A music video for "Oliver's Army" directed by Chuck Statler was released to accompany the song.[32]Filmed inHawaiiwhile Costello and the Attractions were on tour, the video was shot at 4:00 a.m. in a strip club after the band could not find another location.[33]It aired onMTV'sfirst US broadcast dayon 1 August 1981(1981-08-01).[34]

As a result of the huge success of the single, Costello felt insecure about the relationship he had with his audience, particularly those who only recognised "Oliver's Army". He said, "I saw people responding without any kind of understanding or consideration. We'd play a set where we'd play brilliantly all night and then we'd do our hit single and people would go crazy. Yet they would be bewildered by the rest of what we were doing".[35]

"Oliver's Army" has since been released on multiple compilation albums, includingThe Best of Elvis Costello and the Attractions,Girls Girls Girls,andThe Very Best of Elvis Costello.[36][37][38]

Critical reception

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"Oliver's Army" has attracted positive reviews from music critics. In 1979, Geoffrey Himes ofThe Washington Postpraised the "compressed drama" of "Oliver's Army", along with all the other tracks onArmed Forces,and highlighted the song's lyrics, despite calling it "almost a direct steal fromSpector's hit withthe Ronettes,'Baby, I Love You' ".[31]Maslin called the track the "pièce de résistance" ofArmed Forcesand praised the contrast between the song's music and lyrics.[20]Douglas Wolk ofBlender Magazinenamed the song as one of the key tracks fromArmed Forcesto download, while Matt LeMay of Pitchfork Media called the song "stunning".[39][40]Author Graeme Thomson called the track the "pinnacle of Elvis' ability to be all things to all people" and praised the way Costello "melded serious lyrics to insanely catchy pop".[35]

The song has since been rated in numerous rankings as one of Costello's better songs.The Daily Telegraph's Martin Chilton ranked the song number one on his top 40 list of best Costello songs, calling it a "catchy tune with powerful lyrics".[21]Jeremy Allen ofThe Guardiannamed the song one of the 10 best Elvis Costello songs, describing the song as "so smart and subversive that many were unaware it was a protest song at all" and comparing it positively against Costello’s eventual writing partnerPaul McCartney's 1971 protest song "Give Ireland Back to the Irish".[18]Ryan J. Prado ofPasteranked the song Costello's ninth best and said that "the song is great no matter how thinly you spread its political agendas".[41]Beviglia named the song Costello's 12th best, and Brian Hyatt ofEntertainment Weeklynamed it one of his top 10 Costello songs.[17][42]The Redditch Standardnamed it Costello's top song.[43]

Live performances

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For most of Costello's career — until a break in January 2022, when he announced his decision to stop performing the song — "Oliver's Army" remained a mainstay of his live setlist; Thomson described the song as an "old crowd pleaser".[44]Shortly after its release, Costello and the Attractions performed the song on television programmes for promotion.[45]In a piece forThe Guardian,Costello mocked his dress from a performance of the song onthe Kenny Everett Video Show,[18]recalling "During my 'Pop Star Period: 1978-79' I was a fashion disaster of checkerboard eyestrain. I wore powder-blue and pink suits, turquoise lamé jackets and pointy red leather Chelsea boots, but I usually appeared pretty glassy-eyed and shiny under the hot studio lights. No wonder the girls all swooned".[45]Referencing his performance of "Oliver's Army" onTop of the Pops,Costello sardonically wrote, "Checkerboard jacket alert..."[45]

Costello performed "Oliver's Army", along with other political songs, as part of a 9 March 1984 protest concert againstMargaret Thatcherduringthe 1984–85 mining strike.[46]"Oliver's Army" was also performed at the2013 Glastonbury Festival.[47]

Personnel

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Personnel perArmed Forcesliner notes.[48]

Charts

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Cover versions

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BritpopbandBlurrecorded a version of the song forPeace Together,a compilation album released in 1993 to promote peace in Northern Ireland.[54]OK Goreleased a cover on their 2014 rarity albumThe Compleat 12 Months of (Rare, Unreleased) OK Go,[55]whileCannon and Ballreleased a version on their 1980 albumRock On Tommy.[56]ComedianFrank Skinnerperformed the song when he impersonated Costello on a celebrity edition ofStars in Their Eyesin 1999, the mention of "nigger" replaced with "figure".[57]Belle and Sebastianperformed a live version of the song at a 2005 concert in Perth.[58]

"Oliver's Army" has been performed by the original version's producer Nick Lowe, who sang the song at an event at theGreat American Music Hallin 2010.[59]The performance was part of an event titled "Costello Sings Lowe, Nick Sings Elvis – A Rare Bashing of Each Other's Songs", where Lowe and Costello performed each other's songs.[59]

Notes

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  1. ^Melody Maker'sTony Rayns, in an otherwise positive review ofArmed Forces,wrote "At best it's feeble, at worst it's offensive".[9]
  2. ^Broadcast regulator Tony Close said that "words targeting particular communities had become of 'greater concern'"in recent years.[10]
  3. ^Costello had grown up with Frank Sinatra's 1953 version of "My Funny Valentine".[25]Later the same month it was released as the B-side to Costello's rendition of "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding",given out free at a Valentine's Day concert, before finding an LP release with the 1980 compilationTaking Liberties.

References

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  3. ^Armed Forces(sleeve notes).Rhino Records.2002.
  4. ^abGupta, Prachi (19 March 2013)."BBC gets heat for censoring Elvis Costello's 1979 hit 'Oliver's Army'".Salon.Archivedfrom the original on 19 February 2019.Retrieved18 February2019.
  5. ^abMcManus, Ross (14 June 1979). "Elvis Costello".Rolling Stone.New York City.
  6. ^Thomson 2006,p. 10.
  7. ^abcBuskin, Richard (January 2011)."Elvis Costello & The Attractions 'Oliver's Army'".Sound on Sound.SOS Publications Group.Archivedfrom the original on 14 June 2018.Retrieved22 February2019.
  8. ^abFrederick, Kym (5 May 2018)."Story Behind The Song: Oliver's Army by Elvis Costello".Newport City Radio.Archivedfrom the original on 23 February 2019.Retrieved22 February2019.
  9. ^Thomson 2006,p. 133.
  10. ^abPerone 2015,p. 27.
  11. ^"BBC Radio 4: Feedback".BBC.15 March 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 24 April 2013.Retrieved15 July2013.
  12. ^Lachno, James (19 March 2013)."BBC criticised for censoring Elvis Costello lyrics".The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 27 July 2016.Retrieved26 August2016.
  13. ^Savage, Mark (11 January 2022)."Elvis Costello asks radio stations not to play Oliver's Army".BBC.Retrieved11 January2022.
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  16. ^abcdDeming, Mark."Oliver's Army".AllMusic.Archivedfrom the original on 18 February 2019.Retrieved17 February2019.
  17. ^abcdBeviglia, Jim."The Top 20 Elvis Costello Songs".American Songwriter.ForASong Media, LLC. Archived fromthe originalon 9 November 2016.Retrieved8 November2016.
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  30. ^ab"Dutchcharts.nl Elvis Costello discography".Hung Medien.MegaCharts.Archivedfrom the original on 14 March 2014.Retrieved2 August2011.
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  33. ^Thomson 2006,pp. 130–131.
  34. ^Hoye, Jacob; Levin, David P.; Cohn, Stuart (2001).MTV Uncensored.Pocket Books. p. 45.ISBN0-7434-2682-7.Archivedfrom the original on 6 July 2018.Retrieved6 July2018.
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  42. ^Hiatt, Brian."Elvis Costello's 10 greatest tunes".Entertainment Weekly.Meredith Corporation.Archivedfrom the original on 23 February 2019.Retrieved22 February2019.
  43. ^Iles, James."From new wave to the Hall of Fame, there's only one Elvis".Redditch Standard.Retrieved18 May2020.
  44. ^Thomson 2006,p. 185.
  45. ^abcCostello, Elvis (12 October 2015)."Elvis Costello and the curse of Top of the Pops".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 18 February 2019.Retrieved17 February2019.
  46. ^Thomson 2006,pp. 219–220.
  47. ^COS Staff (30 June 2013)."Watch Elvis Costello perform at Glastonbury 2013".Consequence of Sound.Consequence Holdings, LLC.Archivedfrom the original on 25 February 2019.Retrieved24 February2019.
  48. ^Armed Forces(Liner notes). Elvis Costello. 1979.{{cite AV media notes}}:CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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  50. ^"Nederlandse Top 40 – week 17, 1979"(in Dutch).Dutch Top 40.Retrieved 27 February 2019.
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  53. ^"Top Singles 1979".Music Week.London, England: Spotlight Publications. 22 December 1979. p. 27.
  54. ^Parisien, Roch."Peace Together".AllMusic.Archivedfrom the original on 27 March 2019.Retrieved17 February2019.
  55. ^"The Compleat 12 Months of (Rare, Unreleased) OK Go".okgo.net.Archivedfrom the original on 19 February 2019.Retrieved17 February2019.
  56. ^"Cannon and Ball - Music - Rock on Tommy Album".Comedykings.co.uk.Archivedfrom the original on 11 November 2013.Retrieved9 May2014.
  57. ^"Meanwhile, back on earth".The Guardian.4 September 1999.Archivedfrom the original on 27 May 2014.Retrieved26 May2014.
  58. ^"Belle and Sebastian, Perth Concert Hall 4/5".The Herald Scotland.Herald & Times Group. 20 September 2005.Retrieved13 March2019.
  59. ^abde Lone, Austin (18 December 2010)."Nick Lowe: the true-blue Basher shows up for a friend".The Fortnightly Review.Archivedfrom the original on 10 April 2019.Retrieved13 March2019.

Further reading

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