28°23′22″N109°31′33″E/ 28.3895°N 109.5257°E ThePaibianis the loweststageof theFurongianSeriesof theCambrianSystem.The Paibian is also the firstageof the FurongianEpochof the CambrianPeriod.It follows theGuzhangian(Miaolingianseries of the Cambrian) and is succeeded by theJiangshanianStage. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobiteGlyptagnostus reticulatusaround 497 million years ago.[2]The top, or the base of theJiangshanianis defined as the first appearance of the trilobiteAgnostotes orientalisaround 494.2 million years ago.[4]
| Paibian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chronology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Etymology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name ratified | 2003[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Former name(s) | Cambrian Stage 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Usage information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definition | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First proposed by | Shanchi et al., 2002[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | FADof theTrilobiteGlyptagnostus reticulatus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Paibi section,Paibi,Hunan,China 28°23′22″N109°31′33″E/ 28.3895°N 109.5257°E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | 2003[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | FAD of theTrilobiteAgnostotes orientalis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP | Duibian B Section,Duibian,Zhe gian g,China 28°48′57″N118°36′54″E/ 28.815967°N 118.614933°E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper GSSP ratified | 2011[4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GSSP
editThe name is derived fromPaibi,a village inHunan,China. The GSSP is defined in the "Paibi section" (Wuling Mountains,Huayuan County), an outcrop of theHuaqiao Formation( hoa kiều tổ ). The base is the first occurrence ofGlyptagnostus reticulatuswhich is 396 m above the base of theHuaqiao Formationat the type locality (28°23′22″N109°31′33″E/ 28.3895°N 109.5257°E).[5]
Major events
editAt the turn of theGuzhangianand Paibian ages, an extinction event occurred that reduced the species richness by 45%. This event coincided with Marjuman extinction that can be traced to trilobite andbrachiopodassemblages inLaurentia.Two phases of extinction can be traced in the sediments of South China: the first, with a slight decline in species, lasted in Guzhangian, about 1.8 million years; the second, with a sharper decline in richness, lasted 1.2 million years, more in the Paibian. After the extinction, species diversity returned to its previous level.[6]
Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion(SPICE) began around the Guzhangian-Paibian boundary.[7][6]This event is associated with a global carbon-cycle perturbation. The driving mechanism of this change are not fully understood, but it is believed to be caused by the expansion of anoxic deep water into shallow regions.[8]SPICE event had a noticeable impact on trilobites. A decrease in their diversity is observed at the beginning and at the termination of its interval, which coincides with the Laurentian End-Marjuman Biomere Extinction (EMBE) and the End-Steptoean Biomere Extinction (ESBE), respectively. The SPICE event was accompanied by cooling, which contributed to the recovery of ecosystems after its onset, but the further warming disrupted the circulation of ocean waters and triggered new redox changes that precipitated the ESBE.[9]
Paleontology
editAgnostoidgenera, includingGlyptagnostus,Homagnostus,PseudagnostusandAcmarhachis,are known from the Paibian deposits.[10]
References
edit- ^"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"(PDF).International Commission on Stratigraphy.December 2024.RetrievedJanuary 2,2025.
- ^abcPeng, S. C.; Babcock, L. E.; Robison, R. A.; Lin, H. L.; Rees, M. N.; Saltzman, M. R. (2004)."Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage (Cambrian)"(PDF).Lethaia.37(4):365–379.Bibcode:2004Letha..37..365P.doi:10.1080/00241160410002081.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2017-10-08.Retrieved2024-04-05.
- ^Shanchi, Peng; Babcock, Loren; Robinson, Richard; Huanling, Lin; Rees, Margaret; Saltzman, Matthew."PROPOSED GLOBAL STANDARD STRATOTYPE-SECTION AND POINT FOR THE PAIBIAN STAGE AND FURONGIAN SERIES (UPPER CAMBRIAN)"(PDF).International Subcomission on Cambrian Stratigraphy.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2015-07-25.Retrieved2024-04-05.
- ^abPeng, Shanchi; Babcock, Loren; Zuo, Jingxun; Lin, Huanling; Yang, Xianfeng; Qi, Yuping; Bagnoli, Gabriella; Wang, Longwu (December 2012)."Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the Base of the Jiangshanian Stage (Cambrian: Furongian) at Duibian, Jiangshan, Zhe gian g, Southeast China"(PDF).Episodes.35(4):462–477.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2012/v35i4/002.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2015-07-25.Retrieved2024-04-05.
- ^"GSSP for the Paibian".Archivedfrom the original on 2022-05-26.Retrieved2024-04-05.
- ^abYiying Deng, Junxuan Fan, Shengchao Yang, Yukun Shi, Zhengbo Lu, Huiqing Xu, Zongyuan Sun, Fangqi Zhao, Zhangshuai Hou (2023)."No Furongian Biodiversity Gap: Evidence from South China".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.618(1): 111492.Bibcode:2023PPP...61811492D.doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111492.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Tin-Wai Ng, Jin-Liang Yuan, Jih-Pai Lin (2014)."The North China Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Event: New insights towards understanding a global phenomenon".Geobios.47(6): 371-387.Bibcode:2014Geobi..47..371N.doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2014.09.003.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Wenpeng Xia, Karem Azmy, Xu Shenglin, Anqing Chen, Sun Shi, Qian Li, Li Ruixuan, Yixin Dong (2023)."A pilot study of upper Yangtze shallow-water carbonates of the Paibian global marine euxinia: Implications for the late Cambrian SPICE event".Marine and Petroleum Geology.150(3): 106146.Bibcode:2023MarPG.15006146X.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106146.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Lei Zhang, Thomas J. Algeo, Laishi Zhao, Tais W. Dahl, Zhong-Qiang Chen, Zihu Zhang, Simon W. Poulton, Nigel C. Hughes, Xueqing Gou, Chao Li (2023)."Environmental and trilobite diversity changes during the middle-late Cambrian SPICE event"(PDF).Geological Society of America Bulletin.136(1–2):810–828.doi:10.1130/B36421.1.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2024-04-05.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Stephen Westrop, Jennifer Eoff (2012)."Late Cambrian (Furongian; Paibian, Steptoean) Agnostoid Arthropods from the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland".Journal of Paleontology.86(2):201–237.Bibcode:2012JPal...86..201W.doi:10.1666/11-034.1.JSTOR41480187.
External links
edit- "GSSP of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage in the Paibi section, Hunan, China".timescalefoundation.org.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-05-26.
- "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era".Archivedfrom the original on 2023-10-08.
- "GSSPs - The Cambrian System 2019".International Commission on Stratigraphy.Archivedfrom the original on 2023-07-21.
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