Wikipedia

Parkchester, Bronx

Parkchesteris aplanned communityandneighborhoodoriginally developed by theMetropolitan Life Insurance Companyand located in the eastBronx,New York City.The immediate surrounding area also takes its name from the complex. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are East Tremont Avenue to the north, Castle Hill Avenue to the east, Westchester Avenue to the south, East 177th Street/Cross Bronx Expresswayto the southwest, and White Plains Road to the west. Metropolitan Avenue, Unionport Road, andWhite Plains Roadare the primary thoroughfares through Parkchester.

Parkchester
Neighborhood of the Bronx
Thetowers-in-the-parklayout of Parkchester
Map
Location in New York City
Coordinates:40°50′20″N73°51′36″W/ 40.839°N 73.86°W/40.839; -73.86
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CityNew York City
BoroughThe Bronx
Community DistrictThe Bronx 9[1]
Area
[2]
• Total
0.329 sq mi (0.85 km2)
Population
(2020)[3]
• Total
33,602
• Density100,000/sq mi (39,000/km2)
Economics
[3]
•Median income$61,261
Ethnicity
[3]
• Hispanic33.0%
• Black35.1%
• White2.7%
• Asian25.4%
• Others3.8%
ZIP Codes
10462, 10460, 10461
Area code718, 347, 929,and917
Websitewww.parkchesternyc

The neighborhood is part ofBronx Community District 9and is mostly located within ZIP Code 10462, with small sections in 10460 and 10461. The6and<6>​ trains of theNew York City Subwayoperate along Westchester Avenue. The neighborhood is patrolled by theNew York City Police Department's 43rd Precinct.[4]The privately owned housing complex is patrolled by the Parkchester Department of Public Safety.

History

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An 1897 view of the Roman Catholic Protectory on the future site of Parkchester

The housing development has the same origins asStuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village,andRiverton HousesinManhattan,which were also originally developed and owned by MetLife. The name was later unofficially applied to the entire neighborhood surrounding the apartment complex. The name "Parkchester" itself was derived from the two neighborhoods on each side of the site of the housing development — Park Versailles[5]and Westchester Heights.[6][7]

MetLife displayed an intricatescale modelof the proposed development at the1939 New York World's Fair.The model showed all of the buildings and facilities, and was accurate down to inclusion of each of the 66,000 windows in the complex. The 51 groups of buildings were planned to house 12,000 families.[8]

The Parkchester residential development was originally designed and operated as a self-containedrentalcommunity for middle-class white families new to home ownership. MetLife chairmanFrederick H. Eckersaid that black renters were excluded because "Negroes and whites don't mix."[9]

It was built from 1939 to 1942 (despite emergency building restrictions duringWorld War II) on the farmland of theNew York Catholic Protectory,a home for orphaned and troubled boys conducted by theBrothers of the Christian Schools,which relocated to Lincolndale,Westchester County,where it still exists.Macy'sopened their first branch store after their 34th Street flagship store in Parkchester in 1941.[10]

In 1974, approximately one-third of the complexwas convertedtocondominiums,with the remaining portion, nowParkchester South Condominiumconverted later, in 1986. The complex is best known for its broad, tree-lined walkways between the distinctive red-brown buildings, and for itsWorks Progress Administration-style terracotta decorations on the buildings, that represent animal and human figures of many types. Many of these are the work of sculptorJoseph Kiselewski.[11]

In 2015 Parkchester celebrated its 75th anniversary with a family event on the Parkchester North Ball Field.[12]

In August 2024, theNew York City Councilvoted to rezone 46 city blocks in Parkchester,Van Nest,andMorris Park,around theMetro-North Railroad'sParkchester/Van NestandMorris Park stations,as part of thePenn Station Accessproject. The city government also promised to spend $500 million on infrastructure upgrades around these stations. The rezoning was intended to encourage development around these stations.[13][14]As a result, up to 7,000 housing units could be constructed in the three neighborhoods.[15][16]

Demographics

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Based on data from the2020 United States Census,the population of the Parkchester neighborhood tabulation area was 33,602, an increase of 3,781 (12.7%) from the 29,821 counted in2010.Covering an area of 210.76 acres (85.29 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 159.6 inhabitants per acre (102,100/sq mi; 39,400/km2).[17][18]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 35.1% (11,788)African American,25.4% (8,550)Asian,2.7% (907)Non-Hispanic White,1.4% (479) fromother races,and 2.4% (795) from two or more races.HispanicorLatinoof any race were 33.0% (11,083) of the population.[19][18]

The Parkchester apartment complex has a total residential population over 25,000 and a population density over 125,000 people per sq mi. It includes a significantSouth Asianpopulation:Pakistani,Bangladeshi,Indian,including Catholics, Muslims, and Hindus. There are also a number ofItalian,Polish,Irish,EritreanandAlbanianresidents. Asian residents include Thais, Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Filipinos, Burmese, and Cambodians. Parkchester also is home to a large and longstanding population ofPuerto Ricans,like Luis R. Sepulveda who represents the area in the New York State Assembly and has his office on Westchester Avenue. Parkchester has one of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans in New York City, as is it situated between Soundview and Castle Hill, which are also notable for having a significantly denser Puerto Rican population in comparison to other parts of the Bronx or the city as a whole. While the population is approximately over 38%African Americanand 30%Latino,the complex once had awhites-only policy.The resident population of the Parkchester apartment complex reflects a broad age distribution and the changing ethnic makeup of the Bronx.[2][20][18]

The entirety of Bronx Community District 9, which comprises Bronx River, Castle Hill, Clason Point, Harding Park, Parkchester, Soundview, and Unionport, had 188,249 inhabitants with an average life expectancy of 79.7 years.[21]: 2, 20 [18]This is about the same as the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[22]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [23]Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 25% are between the ages of between 0–17, 29% between 25–44, and 24% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 10% and 12% respectively.[21]: 2 

As of 2017, the medianhousehold incomein Bronx Community District 9 was $40,005.[24]

In 2018, an estimated 26% of Bronx Community District 9 residents lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 55% in Bronx Community District 9, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018,Bronx Community District 9 is considered low-income relative to the rest of the city and notgentrifying.[21]: 7 

Land use

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Aileen B. Ryan Oval, formerly Metropolitan Oval

The Parkchester complex is composed of 171 four-sided brick buildings, either eight or 13 stories in height and numbered M (for Main) through 7 and M through 12, respectively. The 13 story buildings have dual elevators positioned side-by-side, while they eight-story buildings only have one. Some buildings even have a Terrace level - apartments that are located on the ground floor and noted by the T in front of the apartment letter, i.e., TA, TB, etc. These apartments differ from all others in the community in that they have an additional screened door in the living room section of the apartment that leads out onto a concrete patio where tenants usually put patio/lawn furniture.

The surrounding area, commonly referred to as "Parkchester", is dominated by multi-unit buildings unrelated to Parkchester complex. 78.4% of housing units are renter occupied. Retail locations are interspersed throughout the neighborhood as well as along Starling Avenue, McGraw Avenue, Metropolitan Avenue, Tremont Avenue, Unionport Road, andWhite Plains Road;the latter four streets are considered the backbones of the area.

Points of interest include:

  • American Theater, formerly Loews American, established in 1939, operated byBow Tie Cinemasas a seven-screen multiplex until it closed in 2013. Converted to a Marshall's store.[25]
  • Macy'sDepartment Store, with 175,000 square feet (16,300 m2) of selling space, opened in October 1941 as the company's first branch store.[10][26]
  • Zaro's Bakery,established in 1959, temporarily closed in 2015, reopened in 2017 close to its original location.[27][28][29][30][31][32]

A prominent feature of Parkchester is the Bangla Bazaar located throughout Olmstead Ave., Odell St., Purdy St., and Castle Hill Ave. The long stretch of blocks are occupied by businesses owned by Bangladeshis and is the heart of their community.

There are two subsections of the neighborhood. Parkchester Apartment Complex is a subsection of Parkchester. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are East Tremont Avenue to the north, Castle Hill Avenue to the east, McGraw Avenue to the south, and White Plains Road to the west. The apartment complex has recently undergone substantial renovations of many of their apartments.[33]Additionally, Stratton Park is on the west part of Parkchester. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are the AmtrakNortheast Corridorto the west and north,White Plains Roadto the east, and East 177th Street (theCross-Bronx Expresswayservice road) to the south. Its zip code is 10460, and its residents consider themselves as part of Parkchester.

At the heart of Parkchester is the 2 acres (0.81 ha) Aileen B. Ryan Oval, formerly Metropolitan Oval.[34]

Artwork

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Parkchester was designed with aesthetics in mind as evidenced by intricate patterns of brickwork[35]and architecturalornaments.[36]The development contains 500 terra cotta statuettes and 600 plaques,[35][36]and depict a wide array of figures, including bullfighters, soldiers, mermaids, and Native American chiefs,[35]and animals, includinggazelles,puffins,kangaroos,andbears.[36]Sculptures were largely provided by the Federal Seaboard Terra Cotta Corporation.[37]Among the nine sculptors on the project were Raymond Granville Barger,Joseph Kiselewski,Carl Schmitz and Theodore Barbarossa.[36]Their sculptures adorn the entrances and can also be seen high on the corners of the taller buildings.[11]Some are polychromatic, painted in bright colors, and some figures appear withinrondels.[36]In the Aileen B. Ryan Oval, a fountain namedFantasia,created by Barger, was installed in 1941 and is often the backdrop of photographs.[35]The former Loew's American Theater is ornamented with figures of two harlequins in the front and amatador,hula girl,flamencodancer, and other figures in the rear.[36]

Approximately 45 of the sculptures were removed from 2018 to 2021; a campaign by history preservationists and architectural historians has launched to preserve the Parkchester sculptures.[36]

Public safety

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Police and crime

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Parkchester and the rest of Bronx Community District 9 is patrolled by the 43rd Precinct of theNYPD,located at 900 Fteley Avenue.[4]As of 2018,with a non-fatal assault hospitalization rate of 100 per 100,000 people, the 43rd Precinct's rate ofviolent crimesper capita is more than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 603 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.[21]: 8 

The 43rd Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 63.1% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 6 murders, 48 rapes, 747 robberies, 806 felony assaults, 302 burglaries, 1,039 grand larcenies, and 561 grand larcenies auto in 2022.[38]

Parkchester Police Department (formerly Parkchester Public Safety Department)

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The Parkcheaster Department of Public Safety is a privately owned and operated security force that protects the residents, visitors and property of Parkcheaster Preservation Management company area only. The Parkcheaster Department of Public Safety currently employs 100 public safety officers and civilians.

In 2022 Parkchester public safety officers became Special Patrolmen and amended their uniforms and logo to match such change. They continued their function and responsibilities as before but are using a new name Parkchester Police. They employ 100 officers who are special patrolmen as listed and defined by their website.[39]special patrolmen have limited peace officer authority in connection with their special duties of employment pursuant to New York State Criminal Procedure Law § 2.10 sub 27. The exercise of this authority is limited to the employee's geographical area of employment and only while such employee is working as listed defined in Chapter 13 subsection (C):.[40].all special patrolmen are prohibited to represent themself as a Police Officer as listed and defined in Special partolmen chapter 13 section 13-05 (conduct) and new york state penal law 190.25. Special patrolmen are required to comply with theNew York City Police Department'srules and requirements to receive special patrolman status. Parkchester special patrolmen are issued a pistol license by the New York City Police Department and carry a firearm while performing their duties only.

Fire safety

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Parkchester is served by theNew York City Fire Department(FDNY)'s Engine Co. 64/Ladder Co. 47 fire station at 1224 Castle Hill Avenue.[41][42]

Health

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As of 2018,preterm birthsand births to teenage mothers are more common in Parkchester and Clason Point than in other places citywide. In Parkchester and Clason Point, there were 106 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 26.4 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[21]: 11 Parkchester and Clason Point has a relatively average population of residents who areuninsured.In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 16%, higher than the citywide rate of 14%.[21]: 14 

The concentration offine particulate matter,the deadliest type ofair pollutant,in Parkchester and Clason Point is 0.0076 milligrams per cubic metre (7.6×10−9oz/cu ft), more than the city average.[21]: 9 Eighteen percent of Parkchester and Clason Point residents aresmokers,which is higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[21]: 13 In Parkchester and Clason Point, 32% of residents areobese,16% arediabetic,and 34% havehigh blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[21]: 16 In addition, 25% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[21]: 12 

83% of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 72% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%.[21]: 13 For every supermarket in Parkchester and Clason Point, there are 13bodegas.[21]: 10 

The nearest hospital campuses areMontefiore Medical Center'sWestchester SquareandWest Farmscampuses, as well as theLongwoodcampus of theBronxCare Hospital System.

Notable incidents

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In 2006, an outbreak ofLegionnaires' diseasewas responsible for the deaths of six Parkchester residents. Although a fountain located in the Metropolitan Oval and featuring a whimsical bronze sculpture byRaymond Granville Bargerwas initially suspected as the source of the outbreak, New York City health officials later determined that it was linked to infected cooling towers in the area.[43][44]

Post office and ZIP Codes

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Parkchester is located within multipleZIP Codes.The housing development proper is part of 10462, but the areas to the immediate west are located in 10460, and the immediate east, in 10461.[45]TheUnited States Postal Service's Parkchester Station is located at 1449 West Avenue.[46]

Education

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Parkchester and Clason Point generally have a similar rate of college-educated residents to the rest of the city as of 2018.While 23% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 30% have less than a high school education and 47% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[21]: 6 The percentage of Parkchester and Clason Point students excelling in math rose from 23% in 2000 to 44% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 27% to 30% during the same time period.[47]

Parkchester and Clason Point's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is higher than the rest of New York City. In Parkchester and Clason Point, 28% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days perschool year,more than the citywide average of 20%.[22]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [21]: 6 Additionally, 69% of high school students in Parkchester and Clason Point graduate on time, lower than the citywide average of 75%.[21]: 6 

Schools

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  • PS 106, a public elementary school located at 2120 St. Raymond Avenue for grades 1–5.
  • MS 127, the Castle Hill Middle School, a publicmiddle schoolsituated on St Raymond Avenue and Purdy Street, that educates students in grades 6–8. Formerly a troubled school known as JHS 127, it is now split into 7 different learning communities in order for students to get higher grades.[48]
  • St. Raymond Elementary School, a privateelementary schoolandmiddle schoolsituated on Purdy Street; it educates students inpre-kindergartento grade 8.
  • St. Raymond Academy for Girls,a privatehigh schoolsituated on Castle Hill Avenue, that educates students in grades 9–12.
  • St. Raymond High School for Boys,a privatehigh schoolsituated on St Raymond Avenue, that educates students in grades 9–12.
  • St. Helena Elementary, a private pre-school, elementary school, and middle school situated on Benedict Avenue that educates students from pre-k to 8th grade.
  • Bronx Charter School for Excellence, a charter school located on Benedict Avenue that educates students from kindergarten to 8th grade.

Library

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Parkchester Library Branch

TheNew York Public Library(NYPL)'s Parkchester branch is located at 1985 Westchester Avenue. The branch opened in 1942 within the Parkchester development and moved to its current two-story structure in 1985.[49]

Transportation

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See also:List of bus routes in the Bronx

The followingMTA Regional Bus Operationsbus routes serve Parkchester:[50]

The followingNew York City Subwaystation serves Parkchester:[51]

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  • Parkchester was the filming location for part of theSporty Thievz1999 video "No Pigeons".Extras were featured circling a red car parked in front of the Loews American (later known as just the American) theater on East Avenue.
  • Parkchester was featured in the filmDoubt(2008), during the scene when Sr. Aloysius is walking with Mrs. Miller behind the building located at 2051 St. Raymond Avenue.[52]

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^"NYC Planning | Community Profiles".communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov.New York City Department of City Planning.RetrievedMarch 4,2018.
  2. ^ab"Parkchester neighborhood in New York".RetrievedOctober 23,2015.
  3. ^abc"NYC Population FactFinder: Bronx, Parkchester".New York City Department of City Planning.RetrievedJuly 25,2024.
  4. ^ab"NYPD – 43rd Precinct".nyc.gov.New York City Police Department.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  5. ^Pollak, Michael. "F.Y.I.: A Key to the Past" (section: "Versailles in the Bronx" ),The New York Times,January 30, 2009
  6. ^— Frattini, Dave.The Underground Guide to New York City Subways(Macmillan, 2000);ISBN0-312-25384-2,ISBN978-0-312-25384-4,p. 330
  7. ^The Columbia Gazetteer of North AmericaArchivedSeptember 13, 2005, at theWayback Machine(Columbia University Press, 2000), via Bartleby
  8. ^"MODEL OF HOUSING DISPLAYED AT FAIR; Metropolitan Life's Project in Bronx to Be Known as 'Parkchester' SITE LINKED TO HISTORY Fifty-one Groups of Apartment Buildings Will House 12,000 Families",The New York Times,May 5, 1939. p. 47
  9. ^Rothstein, Richard (January 20, 2020)."The Neighborhoods We Will Not Share".New York Times.RetrievedJuly 10,2020.
  10. ^abWeisbrod, Bill."Macy’s: Parkchester store staying put",Bronx Times,November 16, 2011. Accessed March 9, 2021. "The Parkchester Macy's opened in 1941. It was the department store’s second location, after its original store on 34th street in Midtown. It is about 175,000 square feet and underwent a renovation in the early 2000s."
  11. ^abCheslow, Jerry (May 10, 1992)."If You're Thinking of Living in: Parkchester".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 23,2015.
  12. ^Wirsing, Robert (August 14–20, 2015), "Parkchester celebrates 75th",Bronx Times Reporter,p. 14.
  13. ^Sommerfeldt, Chris; Kvetenadze, Téa (August 6, 2024)."Revised East Bronx rezoning plan includes thousands of apartments, $500 million in improvements".New York Daily News.RetrievedAugust 8,2024.
  14. ^Nehring, Abigail (August 6, 2024)."NYC to Invest $500M in East Bronx for Proposed Metro-North Rezoning".Commercial Observer.RetrievedAugust 8,2024.
  15. ^Durso, Isabelle (August 15, 2024)."NYC Approves Metro-North Rezoning Set to Bring 7,000 Homes to Bronx".Commercial Observer.RetrievedAugust 15,2024.
  16. ^Haag, Matthew (August 15, 2024)."Plan to Build Thousands of Apartments Will Transform the East Bronx".The New York Times.RetrievedAugust 15,2024.
  17. ^Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010,Population Division -New York CityDepartment of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  18. ^abcd"NYC Planning Population FactFinder".NYC Population FactFinder.RetrievedAugust 19,2024.
  19. ^Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010,Population Division -New York CityDepartment of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  20. ^"Bronx Community District 9"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on November 23, 2015.RetrievedOctober 23,2015.
  21. ^abcdefghijklmno"Parkchester and Soundview (Including Bronx River, Castle Hill, Clason Point, Parkchester, Soundview, Soundview-Bruckner and Unionport)"(PDF).nyc.gov.NYC Health. 2018.RetrievedMarch 2,2019.
  22. ^ab"2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020"(PDF).nyc.gov.New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.2016.RetrievedSeptember 8,2017.
  23. ^"New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives".New York Post.June 4, 2017.RetrievedMarch 1,2019.
  24. ^"NYC-Bronx Community District 9--Castle Hill, Clason Point & Parkchester PUMA, NY".RetrievedJuly 17,2018.
  25. ^Miller, Stuart (May 26, 2014)."Options Dwindle for Bronx Residents Trying to Escape to the Movies".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 23,2015.
  26. ^"Macy Branch To Open; 5,000 Attend Preview of New Store in Parkchester",The New York Times,October 12, 1941. Accessed March 9, 2021.
  27. ^"Landmark Bronx Bakery Forced To Close Doors After Lease Issues".Ilana Gold CBS 2 News New York.RetrievedDecember 28,2015.
  28. ^"Beloved Bronx Bakery, Zaro's to Close After 55 Years At Same Location".Erin Clarke NY1 News.RetrievedDecember 28,2015.
  29. ^"First Zaro's Bakery closed Monday in Parkchester".Amber Diaz New 12 The Bronx.RetrievedDecember 28,2015.
  30. ^"Bronx's beloved Zaro's bakery closed its doors after 56 years".Ayana Harry PIX 11 News.December 28, 2015.RetrievedDecember 28,2015.
  31. ^Ross, Keith (December 24, 2015)."Zaro's Bakery to shutter Bronx location, a fixture in the community for 56 years".New York Daily News.p. 12.RetrievedDecember 28,2015.
  32. ^"Zaro's Bakery returns to the Bronx with grand opening".News 12 the Bronx.November 22, 2017.RetrievedMarch 18,2018.
  33. ^SOR Search Results on 30 May 2008 7:42 am[permanent dead link‍]
  34. ^Lent, Elizabeth (July 2006)."A Successful Experiment in Living: The Evolution of Parkchester".The Cooperator.RetrievedSeptember 25,2013.
  35. ^abcdTwomey, Bill (March 18–24, 2015). "Sculptors enhanced and beautified Bronx venues". Bronx Times Report.
  36. ^abcdefgJohn Freeman Gill,Priceless Sculptures Are 'Literally Being Chipped Away',New York Times(May 20, 2022).
  37. ^"Parkchester' sculptures".Forgotten New York.Greater Astoria Historical Society. September 25, 2008.
  38. ^"43rd Precinct CompStat Report"(PDF).nyc.gov.New York City Police Department.RetrievedMarch 15,2020.
  39. ^"ABOUT US".parkchesterpolice.org.RetrievedNovember 1,2023.
  40. ^"Chapter 13: Special Officer".
  41. ^"Engine Company 64/Ladder Company 47".FDNYtrucks.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  42. ^"FDNY Firehouse Listing – Location of Firehouses and companies".NYC Open Data;Socrata.New York City Fire Department.September 10, 2018.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  43. ^"The Microbe Hunters and the Suspicious Fountain".The New York Times.RetrievedMay 1,2024.
  44. ^"Bronx Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak Finally Spurs Action".The New York Daily News.RetrievedMay 1,2024.
  45. ^"Riverdale, New York City-Bronx, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY)".United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA).Archived fromthe originalon October 20, 2018.RetrievedMarch 16,2019.
  46. ^"Location Details: Parkchester".USPS.RetrievedMarch 7,2019.
  47. ^"Parkchester / Soundview – BX 09"(PDF).Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy.2011.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  48. ^"Turning Around A Troubled School",Marvine Howe,New York Times,July 24, 1994
  49. ^"About the Parkchester Library".The New York Public Library.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  50. ^"Bronx Bus Map"(PDF).Metropolitan Transportation Authority.October 2018.RetrievedDecember 1,2020.
  51. ^"Subway Map"(PDF).Metropolitan Transportation Authority.September 2021.RetrievedSeptember 17,2021.
  52. ^"Filmed in New York: An Oscar Tour".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 23,2015.
  53. ^"Parkchester street named after woman who didn't give up her bus seat in 1955".News12 The Bronx.RetrievedMarch 16,2020.
  54. ^Serby, Steve."Bronx-born Larranaga has Miami flying high",New York Post,March 27, 2013. Accessed April 23, 2023. "Larranaga is New York all the way, from 1501 Metropolitan Ave. in the Parkchester section of The Bronx, living out his dream of doing for others in basketball what Curran had done for him, all the way back to Archbishop Molloy High School."
  55. ^Lungariello, Mark."Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez tweaks bio after residency questions",The Journal News,July 6, 2018. Accessed October 24, 2020. "Ocasio-Cortez was 2 years old when her father, Sergio Ocasio-Roman, bought a modest home in Yorktown for $150,000. The family lived in the Parkchester section of the Bronx at the time and moved to the house in Yorktown a few years later."
  56. ^Newman, Andy; Wang, Vivian; and Ferré-Sadurní, Luis."Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Emerges as a Political Star",The New York Times,June 27, 2018. Accessed October 24, 2020. "Ms. Ocasio-Cortez’s mother was born in Puerto Rico. Her late father, Sergio Ocasio, an architect, was born in the Bronx. The family lived in Parkchester, a planned community of mid-rise buildings, in the same apartment where Ms. Ocasio-Cortez now lives, until Alexandria was about 5, when they moved an hour north to a modest two-bedroom house on a quiet street in Yorktown Heights, a suburb in Westchester County, in search of better schools."
  57. ^"Remembering George Romero, A Filmmaker Who Brought The Dead To Life",NPR,July 17, 2017. Accessed October 24, 2020. "I grew up in New York City. And I lived in the Bronx in a place called Parkchester. And I was shooting with my uncle's 8 mm camera, and I was making a movie calledThe Man From the Meteor.And the man from the meteor was ultimately shot with his own ray gun and fell flaming off the roof where I lived, in Parkchester. "
  58. ^"Nobel laureate Claudia Goldin recounts pioneering career spent tracing major part of U.S. workforce, economy hidden in plain sight",The Harvard Gazette,January 26, 202. Accessed July 07, 2024. "I grew up in Parkchester, and it did not allow any animals, other than birds and goldfish. It was a fascistic community. It didn’t allow air conditioning units. It didn’t allow washing machines. I never even saw a bicycle."
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