Polystylismis the use of multiplestylesortechniquesin literature, art, film, or, especially, music.
Some prominentcontemporarypolystylist composers includePeter Maxwell Davies,[1]Alfred Schnittke,[2]andJohn Zorn.[3]Polystylist composers from earlier in the twentieth century includeCharles Ives[4]andErik Satie.[5]Among literary figures,James Joycehas been referred to as a polystylist.[6]On the other hand, composers includingSofia Gubaidulinahave rejected the term as not applicable to their work.[7]
Though perhaps not the original source of the term, the first important discussion of the subject is Alfred Schnittke's essay "Polystylistic Tendencies in Modern Music (1971)".[8]The composers cited by Schnittke as those who make use of polystylism areAlban Berg,Luciano Berio,Pierre Boulez,Edison Denisov,Hans Werner Henze,Mauricio Kagel,Jan Klusák,György Ligeti,Carl Orff,Arvo Pärt,Krzysztof Penderecki,Henri Pousseur,Rodion Shchedrin,Dmitri Shostakovich,Sergei Slonimsky,Karlheinz Stockhausen,Igor Stravinsky,Boris Tishchenko,Anton Webern,andBernd Alois Zimmermann.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^John Webb, "Schnittke in Context"TempoNew Series/182, September 1992. 19–22. Citation on 19.
- ^Ivan Moody, "The Music of Alfred Schnittke",TempoNew Series, no. 168, 50th Anniversary 1939–1989 (March 1989): 4–11. Citation on 4.
- ^Ted Gordon, "John Zorn: Autonomy and the Avant-Garde"Avantvol. 3/T, 2012. 329–343. citation on 331.
- ^Nachum Schoffman, "Charles Ives's Song 'Vote for Names'",Current Musicology23 (1977): 56–68.
- ^Daniel Albright,"Postmodern Interpretations of Satie'sParade",Canadian University Music Review/Revue de Musique des Universités Canadiennes22, no. 1 (2002): 22–39.
- ^Rudolph von Abele, "Film as Interpretation: A Case Study ofUlysses",The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism31 (1973): 487–500, citation on 495.
- ^Vera Lukomsky, "Sofia Gubaidulina: 'My Desire Is Always to Rebel, to Swim against the Stream!'”.Perspectives of New Music36. no. 1 (Winter 1998): 5–41, citation on 24–26.
- ^abAlfred Schnittke,"Polystylistic Tendencies in Modern Music (1971)", inA Schnittke Reader,edited by Aleksandr Ivashkin, English translation by John Derek Goodliffe, 87–90 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002)ISBN978-0-253-33818-1.
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