Portal:Northern Ireland

The Northern Ireland Portal

Introduction

Location of Northern Ireland within theUnited Kingdom
Northern Ireland borders theRepublic of Irelandto its south and west.

Northern Ireland(Irish:Tuaisceart Éireann[ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ];Ulster Scots:Norlin Airlann) is apartof theUnited Kingdomin the north-east of the island ofIrelandthat isvariously describedas a country, province or region. Northern Ireland sharesan open borderto the south and west with theRepublic of Ireland.At the2021 census,its population was 1,903,175, making up around 3% of theUK's populationand 27% of the population on the island ofIreland.TheNorthern Ireland Assembly,established by theNorthern Ireland Act 1998,holds responsibility for a range ofdevolvedpolicy matters, while other areas are reserved for theUK Government.Thegovernment of Northern Irelandcooperates with thegovernment of Irelandin several areas under the terms of theBelfast Agreement.The Republic of Ireland also has a consultative role on non-devolved governmental matters through the British–Irish Governmental Conference (BIIG).

Northern Ireland was created in 1921, whenIreland was partitionedby theGovernment of Ireland Act 1920,creating a devolved government for thesix northeastern counties.As was intended by unionists and their supporters inWestminster,Northern Ireland had aunionistmajority, who wanted to remain in the United Kingdom; they were generally theProtestantdescendants ofcolonists from Britain.Meanwhile, the majority inSouthern Ireland(which became theIrish Free Statein 1922), and a significant minority in Northern Ireland, wereIrish nationalists(generallyCatholics) who wanted aunited independent Ireland.Today, the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish, while a Northern Irish orUlsteridentity is claimed by a significant minority from all backgrounds.

The creation of Northern Ireland was accompanied by violence both in defence of and against partition. Duringthe conflict of 1920–22,the capitalBelfastsaw majorcommunal violence,mainly between Protestant unionist and Catholic nationalist civilians. More than 500 were killed and more than 10,000 became refugees, mostly Catholics. For the next fifty years, Northern Ireland had an unbroken series ofUnionist Party governments.There was informal mutualsegregationby both communities, and the Unionist governments were accused of discrimination against the Irish nationalist and Catholic minority. In the late 1960s, acampaign to end discriminationagainst Catholics and nationalists was opposed byloyalists,who saw it as arepublicanfront. This unrest sparkedthe Troubles,a thirty-year conflict involving republican and loyalist paramilitaries and state forces, which claimed over 3,500 lives and injured 50,000 others. The 1998Good Friday Agreementwas a major step in thepeace process,includingparamilitary disarmamentand security normalisation, althoughsectarianismand segregation remain major social problems, and sporadic violence has continued. (Full article...)

TheAnglo-Irish Agreementwas a 1985 treaty between theUnited Kingdomand theRepublic of Irelandwhich aimed to help bring an end tothe TroublesinNorthern Ireland.The treaty gave theIrish governmentan advisory role in Northern Ireland's government while confirming that there would be no change in the constitutional position of Northern Ireland unless a majority of its citizens agreed to join the Republic. It also set out conditions for the establishment of adevolvedconsensus government in the region.

The Agreement was signed on 15 November 1985, atHillsborough Castle,by British Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcherand IrishTaoiseach(prime minister)Garret FitzGerald.(Full article...)

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Robert William McConnell(c. 1944 – 5 April 1976), was anUlster loyalistparamilitary who allegedly carried out or was an accomplice to a number of sectarian attacks and killings, although he never faced any charges or convictions. McConnell served part-time as a corporal in the2nd Battalion Ulster Defence Regiment(UDR), and was a suspected member of theUlster Volunteer Force(UVF).

In 1993,Yorkshire Televisionbroadcast a programmeThe Hidden Hand: the Forgotten Massacre,and the narrator named McConnell as a member of one of the two UVF bomb teams that perpetrated threecar bomb attacksinDublinon 17 May 1974, which killed 26 people. The programme also linked him toBritish military intelligenceand CaptainRobert Nairac,stating that McConnell and key figures from the bombing unit were controlled before and after the bombings by Nairac.RUC Special Patrol Group(SPG) officerJohn Weiralleged that McConnell had been part of the UVF unit that shot leadingProvisional IRAmanJohn Francis Greento death in January 1975. Weir also alleged that McConnell had been one of the gunmen in theReavey family shootings,as well as having had a key role in the bomb and gun attack against Donnelly's Bar the previous month. These were part of a series of sectarian attacks and killings that were carried out by the group of loyalist extremists known as theGlenanne gang,of which McConnell was a member. This gang comprised rogue elements of theRoyal Ulster Constabulary(RUC), the SPG,Ulster Defence Regiment(UDR), and the UVF'sMid-Ulster Brigade,which from 1975 to the early 1990s was commanded byRobin "the Jackal" Jackson.Jackson was also implicated by theHidden Handin the Dublin and Monaghan bombings, and he was reportedly involved in the Green assassination. (Full article...)

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Northern Ireland on Wikipedia

  • Northern Irelandis in the top 250 most referenced articles. It ranks 232nd, with 3,955 links to it - one more link thanMusic,and many more links than theBible.
  • BesidesEnglish,the Northern Ireland article has been translated to 44 other languages.

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