Pratap Singh Giani

Giani(or Gyani) is an honorificSikh titleused by someone learned in the Sikh religion and who often leads the congregation in prayers.

Not to be confused withPartap Singh,the former Jathedar of the Akaal Takht who was also bestowed the honorific title of 'Giani'.

Pratap Singh Giani(also Partap Singh Gyani, 1855–1920) was aSikhacademic, scholar andcalligraphist.

Pratap Singh Giani
Pronunciation	pratāpa sigha, kathākāra
Born	1855 Lahore,Punjab,British India
Died	20 July 1920

Life

He was born in 1855, the son of Bhai Bhag Singh Giani ofLahore(Gurmukhi: ਭਾਈ ਭਾਗ ਸਿੰਘ ਲਾਹੌਰ). As a young boy, Partap Singh learntPunjabi,UrduandSanskritand studiedSikhscriptures.In 1884, he accompanied Thakur Singh Sandhanvalia toEnglandto read theGuru Granth Sahibto the deposed Sikh ruler of thePunjab,Maharaja Duleep Singhand to re-convert him to Sikhism.Partap Singh remained inEnglandfor six months. On return toIndia,he worked as agranthi(scripture-reader) at Gurdwara Kaulsar inAmritsar.When Maharaja Duleep Singh was due to come back to India, Partap Singh accompanied Thakur Singh and his sons toDelhiwith the intention of going toBombayto receive the Maharajah. On hearing the news of Duleep Singh's detention atAden,Partap Singh returned to Amritsar while Thakur Singh proceeded toPondicherry.At Amritsar, Partap Singh worked secretly for Thakur Singh distributing his pro-Duleep Singh letters among hisconfidantsand friends. Towards the close of 1887, he was arrested at Amritsar and sent toLahorejail. He escaped fromprisonand, turning asadhu,travelled to different parts of the country in the company of holy men.

Handwritten travel memoir written in a poetic form of Punjabi by Giani Pratap Singh recalling his visit to London to see Duleep Singh in 1882

During one such journey he happened to meetMax Arthur Macauliffe,then engaged in translating the Sikhscriptureinto English.

Macauliffe was impressed by his learning and wished that he would assist him in his work. Partap Singh, who had introduced himself under the assumed name of “Bava Ishar Das”, revealed thereupon his identity to him. Macauliffe interceded with the government on his behalf and had the warrants of his arrest withdrawn in January 1889.

Partap Singh settled down in a house in Kaulsar near Baba Atal, in Amritsar, and for several years performed katha expounding the Holy Writ in front of the Akal Bung.

The Bir of Guru Granth Sahib, scribed by Pratap Singh

A finecalligraphist,Partap Singh transcribed volumes of theGuru Granth Sahib,the most famous of them being the one still preserved in theHarimandir Sahib.This copy, completed in 1908, is written in very boldGurmukhicharacters on large-sized 25 "by 28" sheets ofKashmiripaper and is installed on the first floor of the Harimandir Sahib where it is used for the recital ofakhand pathsor unbroken readings of the Guru Granth Sahib. The entire volume, 1527 leaves, that is, 8054 pages, with double borders in red, blue and yellow, is written in Giani Pratap Singh's hand and is known as Vadde Baba Ji (largesized Holy Volume). The name of the scribe is mentioned at the end of the text, on a separate sheet. Volumes of the Holy Books transcribed by Giani Partap Singh are also preserved at Baba Atal andTakht Sri Hazur Sahib,Nanded.

In 1902, Partap Singh joinedAitchison College,also known as Chiefs College, Lahore, as granthi and instructor. According to the records of the college, he was employed initially at a salary of Rupees 5 per month, which was later increased to Rupees 50 per month from 1904. He taught in this college as a Sikh religious teacher till his death in 1920.

Legacy

According to Panjaba Phain, August 1916 issue, he was the first secretary of theSanatan Singh Sabha(also referred to as Amritsar Singh Sabha). He was also editor of the earliest published SikhnewspaperAkal Prakash, which made its first appearance in 1876. He is also said to have translated into Punjabi MajorEvans Bell's book,The Annexation of the Punjab and Maharaja Duleep Singh.Pratap Singh died at Lahore on 20 July 1920.

Pratap Singh's son Kartar Singh Giani was alawyeratAmritsarand was later a member of the Sikh Gurudwara Judicial Commission. His grandsonsHarinder Singh Gianiand Narinder Singh Gyani were lawyers practicing in thePunjab and Haryana High CourtatChandigarhand Amritsar. His great-grandsonHarpreet Singh Gianiis anadvocateand abarristercurrently practicing in thePunjab and Haryana High CourtinIndiaand inEngland and Wales.