Wikipedia

Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester

For the youngest son of Charles I, seeHenry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester.

Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester(Henry William Frederick Albert; 31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974) was a member of theBritish royal family.He was the third son ofKing George VandQueen Mary,and was a younger brother of kingsEdward VIIIandGeorge VI.He served asGovernor-General of Australiafrom 1945 to 1947, the only Prince to hold the post.

Prince Henry
Duke of Gloucester
Henry,c.1945
11thGovernor-General of Australia
In office
30 January 1945 – 11 March 1947
MonarchGeorge VI
Prime Minister
Preceded byThe Lord Gowrie
Succeeded bySir William McKell
BornPrince Henry of York
(1900-03-31)31 March 1900
York Cottage,Sandringham,England
Died10 June 1974(1974-06-10)(aged 74)
Barnwell Manor,Northamptonshire,England
Burial14 June 1974
Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore
Spouse
​
​
(m.1935)​
Issue
Names
Henry William Frederick Albert
House
FatherGeorge V
MotherMary of Teck
SignaturePrince Henry's signature
Education
Military career
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/ branchBritish Army
Years of active service1919–1945
RankField Marshal
Unit
Battles / wars

Henry was the first son of a British monarch to be educated at school, where he excelled at sports, and went on to attendEton College,after which he was commissioned in the10th Royal Hussars,a regiment he hoped to command. However, his military career was frequently interrupted by royal duties, and he was nicknamed "the unknown soldier" due to his low profile. While big-game shooting in Kenya, he met the future pilotBeryl Markham,with whom he became romantically involved. The court put pressure on him to end the relationship, but he had to pay regular hush-money to avert a public scandal. In 1935, also under parental pressure,he marriedLady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott,with whom he had two sons, princesWilliamandRichard.

From 1939 to 1940, Henry served in France as a liaison officer toLord Gort.He performed military and diplomatic duties during the rest of the war, then in 1945 was appointed as Australia's governor-general at the request of Prime MinisterJohn Curtin.The post had originally been offered to his younger brother theDuke of Kent,whodied in an air crash.Henry attended thecoronationof his nieceQueen Elizabeth IIin 1953 and carried out several overseas tours, often accompanied by his wife. From 1965, he became incapacitated by a number of strokes. Upon his death, he was succeeded as theDuke of Gloucesterby his only living son, Richard.

Prince Henry was the last surviving son of King George V and Queen Mary. His widow, who died at the age of 102, became thelongest-lived-ever memberof the British royal family.

Early life

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The royal children in 1912: (Back row l-r) Albert, Henry and Edward.
(Front row l-r) John, Mary and George

Prince Henry was born on 31 March 1900, atYork Cottage,on theSandringham Estateduring the reign of his great-grandmotherQueen Victoria.[1]His father was the Duke of York (laterKing George V), the only surviving son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (laterKing Edward VIIandQueen Alexandra).[1]His mother was the Duchess of York (laterQueen Mary), the only daughter of theDukeandDuchess of Teck.[1]At the time of his birth, he was fifth in theline of succession to the throne,behind his grandfather, father and two elder brothers.

He was baptised at the private chapel ofWindsor Castleon 17 May 1900, byRandall Thomas Davidson,Bishop of Winchester.[citation needed]He was informally known to his family asHarry.[2]

Childhood and education

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AtEton Collegein 1916

As a young boy, Prince Henry suffered from ill health very much like his older brotherAlbert.He also hadknock knees,and had to wear painful leg splints. He was an extremely nervous child, and was often victim to spontaneous fits of crying or giggling, and also like his brother, Henry had a combination of speech disorders.[3]They both hadrhotacism,which prevented them from pronouncing the sound r, but while Albert's pronunciation was slightly reminiscent of the "French r", Henry was completely unable to pronounce it, causing the intended r to sound like [w]. On top of this, Henry also had anasal lispand an unusually high-pitched tone, resulting in a very distinctive voice.[4]

By 1909, Henry's poor health had become a serious concern for his parents. He was very small for his age and was prone to get very aggressive colds. "You must remember that he is rather fragile and must be treated differently to his two elder brothers who are more robust", wrote Prince George to Henry's tutor, Henry Peter Hansell.[5]

On 6 May 1910, Prince George ascended the throne as George V, and Henry became the third in line to the throne. The King was persuaded by Hansell that it would be good for Henry's character to attend school, where he could interact with boys his age. The King, having previously rejected this proposition for his two elder sons, agreed on the basis that it would help him "behave like a boy and not like a little child".[5] Prince Henry thus became the first son of a British monarch to attend school. After three days atSt Peter's CourtinBroadstairsas a day boy, Hansell, noticing he liked it, asked the King to send him as a boarder, to which he agreed.[5]

Henry spent three years at St Peter's Court. Academically, he was not very bright, although he did show a particular aptitude in mathematics. Henry's sole interest became sports, particularly cricket and football. "All you write about is your everlasting football of which I am heartily sick", wrote his mother, answering a fully detailed letter from Henry about a match.[5]

In September 1913, Henry started atEton College.[1]During theFirst World War,Crown Prince Leopold ofBelgium,laterLeopold III,was a member of hishouse(Mr Lubbock's[1]). His studies did not improve, but his nerves and disposition did. He made friends through his enthusiasm for sports, and his masters were very pleased with him, noting in his report that he was "thoroughly willing, cheerful, modest & obedient". To his father, these values were the most important, having no time or interest in what he called "intellectuals".[5]

By the time he went up toTrinity College, Cambridgein 1919 with his brother Albert, Henry had outgrown all his brothers, both in height and size, and enjoyed very good health. Their stay at Cambridge lasted just one year and was very uneventful for both of them, as they were not allowed to live in college with the other undergraduates, due to their father's fear of their mi xing with undesirable company.[5]

Military career

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Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester undergoing military training in 1915

Unlike his brothers, Prince Henry joined theArmyrather than theRoyal Navy.He attended theRoyal Military College, Sandhurst,in 1919,[1]and was commissioned a second lieutenant in theKing's Royal Rifle Corpson 16 July 1919.[6]On 16 July 1921 he was promoted to lieutenant in the10th Royal Hussars,[7][1]with whom he continued to serve. Though he desired to serve in more active roles as a soldier, his position as a senior member of the royal family effectively ruled out any such options. He retained an interest in sport andThe Cricketerreported in August 1921 that the touringPhiladelphianshad had the honour of being presented to Prince Henry atThe Oval.[8]

Prince Henry was promoted to captain on 11 May 1927,[9]and was appointed a personal aide-de-camp to his father on 2 August 1929.[10]On 3 March 1931, he was appointed a staff captain and was seconded for service with the 2nd Cavalry Brigade.[11]He was brevetted to major on 2 August 1934,[12]and upon his father's Silver Jubilee the following May, was appointed Colonel-in-Chief of theGloucestershire Regiment.[13]On 6 July 1935, he was promoted to the substantive rank of major, his final rank as an actively serving officer.[14]On 23 June 1936, he was appointed a personal aide-de-camp to his eldest brother, Edward VIII.[15]

Following his brother's abdication and the accession of his brother the Duke of York asGeorge VI,Prince Henry was effectively retired from active duty, and received a ceremonial promotion to major-general on 1 January 1937, skipping three ranks.[16]He was also granted a Royal Air Force commission as air vice-marshal the same day.[17]He continued to serve as a personal aide-de-camp to the new king, receiving this appointment on 1 February.[18]On 12 March, he received the colonelcy of his former regiment, the 10th Royal Hussars, along with the colonelcies of theRoyal Inniskilling Fusiliersand theGordon Highlanders.[19]On 28 May, he received an honorary appointment as a captain in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR),[20]followed by his appointment on 10 November to the honorary colonelcies of theCeylon Planters' Rifle Corpsand the Ceylon Light Infantry (now theSri Lanka Light Infantry).[21]

Following the outbreak ofWorld War II,he joined theBritish Expeditionary Force,and was appointed as a Chief Liaison Officer on 4 September 1939.[22][1]In January 1940, he was appointed to the colonelcies of the Ulster Anti-Aircraft Regiments of theRoyal Artilleryin the Territorial Army.[23]He was slightly wounded in 1940 when his staff car was attacked from the air.[1]In August 1940, he was appointed Chief Liaison Officer, GHQ Home Forces.[24]He also became second-in-command of the20th Light Armoured Brigadethat year,[1]and was promoted to lieutenant-general on 17 September 1941.[25]On 27 October 1944, he was promoted to the rank of full general.[26]

He was appointed aField Marshalin 1955[1]and aMarshal of the Royal Air Forcein 1958.[27]

Duke of Gloucester

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Henry (far right) with his brothers thePrince of WalesandPrince GeorgeonTimemagazine's cover, 8 August 1927

On 31 March 1928, his father created himDuke of Gloucester,Earl of UlsterandBaron Culloden,three titles that linked him with three parts of the United Kingdom, namelyEngland,Northern IrelandandScotland.[28]Prince Henry visited Canada in 1928.[29]

Before his marriage, Prince Henry's greatest ambition was to someday command his regiment, the 10th Royal Hussars, or at least spend as much time in the army as possible. Although he was a capable soldier, as the King's son he was prevented from joining his regiment abroad, and this meant he was generally seen as an outsider to his fellow officers. To his increasing despair, he had to fulfill the many royal duties his father assigned him.[30]

In September 1928, Henry left England with his brotherEdward, Prince of Wales,to shoot big game in Africa. The brothers parted inNairobi,where Henry was to stay for a while. There, he was entertained byMansfield Markhamand his wifeBeryl Markham.Beryl and Henry soon started an affair (though sources differ over when the affair started; many say it was not until her visit to England). In November, the brothers were recalled to England due to their father's worsening health, and soon after Beryl returned too. At the Grosvenor Hotel, close toBuckingham Palace,the affair continued with Prince Henry openly hosting parties with her in her suite and drinking too much.[5]

The affair, widely known by the London society, shocked the Queen, to the delight of the Prince of Wales who remarked that "for once, Queen Mary's blue-eyed boy was in trouble instead of himself". The King stepped in, thinking that keeping Henry busy would be the best way to end the affair, as would keeping him from drinking too much, too often. That year, he arranged a series of tours for his son to undertake.[5]

In 1929, he went to Japan to confer theGarteron theEmperor,and a year later he attended thecoronationofHaile Selassie of EthiopiainAddis Ababa.[1]In 1934 George V made him aKnight of St Patrick,Ireland's chivalric order. It was the second to last time this order was awarded (the last appointment being the Duke of York, laterGeorge VI,in 1936); at the time of his death, the Duke of Gloucester was the only remaining knight. In 1934, he went to Australia and New Zealand where the people received him with overwhelming enthusiasm that one journalist wrote, "(amounted) to something very near adoration".[30]

Marriage and family

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See also:Wedding of Prince Henry and Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott
George Handley (Mayor) and Duke of Gloucester on his visit to Wangaratta 22 October 1934
The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester with their two sons William (standing) and Richard in Canberra

When he returned from his trip to Japan in 1929, the affair with Markham ended. Her husband wanted a divorce and threatened to disclose Prince Henry's private letters to his wife if he did not "take care of Beryl". The Duke and Beryl never met again, although she did write to him when he visited Kenya in 1950 with his wife, but he did not write back.[31]Prince Henry's solicitors paid out an annuity until her death in 1985.[5]

After his tour of Australia and New Zealand, and pressured by his parents, Prince Henry decided it was time to settle down and proposed toLady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott,sister of one of Henry's best friendsLord William Montagu Douglas Scott.The proposal, wrote Lady Alice many years later, was not at all romantic as "it was not his way", instead he just "mumbled it as we were on a walk one day".[32][full citation needed]They were married on 6 November 1935. The marriage was originally planned to take place atWestminster Abbey,but was moved to the more modest Private Chapel atBuckingham Palacedue to the death of Lady Alice's father, theDuke of Buccleuch,on 19 October 1935, barely a fortnight before the wedding. After suffering twomiscarriages,[33]the Duchess of Gloucester gave birth to two sons:[1]

The couple lived first at theRoyal PavilioninAldershot,near the barracks of the Duke's regiment. "It was a very simple cabin", recalled the Duchess of Gloucester, and "the only royal thing about it was my husband's presence".[32]After his father's death, the Duke boughtBarnwell Manorin 1938.[34]As their London seat, they were givenYork HouseinSt James's Palace.[35]

Abdication of Edward VIII

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In December 1936, Henry's brother Edward VIIIabdicated the throneto marry divorcéeWallis Simpson.His brother, Prince Albert, ascended the throne as King George VI. Although third in line to the throne, following his two nieces PrincessesElizabethandMargaret,Henry became the first adult in line, meaning he would act asregentif anything were to happen to the King before Princess Elizabeth came of age on 21 April 1944, her 18th birthday.[36]Because of this, Prince Henry could not leave the UK at the same time as the King. Furthermore, he and his younger brother, theDuke of Kent,had to increase their royal engagements considerably to support the new King.[5]

Edward VIII, who became Duke of Windsor after abdicating, recalled that it was Henry who reacted least to the news of his abdication. The brothers had never been close and, apart from horses, they had not much in common. But Edward did admit regretting the implications the abdication would have on "The Unknown Soldier", a nickname he teasingly used to refer to Henry, owing to his low profile.[37][page needed]

The abrupt change in Prince Henry's somewhat carefree life up to that point was made clear by the new King on the first evening of his reign. "If you two think that, now that I have taken this new job on, you can go on behaving just as you like, in the same old way, you are very much mistaken! You two have to pull yourselves together", the King warned his two younger brothers at dinner.[38][page needed]

Although the Duke of Gloucester supported his brother, and later his niece, tirelessly and dutifully, he had a fondness forwhisky.On one occasion, Queen Mary wrote to the Duchess suggesting that if they were planning to visit, the Duke should bring his own supply of whisky, "as we have not got much left, and it is so expensive". EvenNoble Frankland,who wrote the Duke's biography after his death at the request and under the supervision of the Duchess, wrote that: "He did not eschew a glass of whisky... or the occasional blasphemous oath."[5][39][page needed]

King George VI had great affection for his younger brother. Circumstances had made them closer following the abdication, and the King trusted Prince Henry with important matters, which he dutifully undertook. Sometimes, though, the organised King found his brother's less systematic manner irritating. On one occasion after a day of shooting atBalmoral Castle,the King found a mistake on his shot-game record, where there seemed to be a pair of grouse missing. A member of staff suggested that the King call and ask the Duke of Gloucester, who was staying atBirkhall.When the Duke confirmed he had taken the birds, the King's gruff warning to his brother that he should never again take birds without telling him surprised the member of staff.[40][page needed]

Second World War

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After the outbreak ofWorld War II,the Duke of Gloucester, as Chief Liaison Officer toLord Gort,spent almost the entire first year of the war in France. Besides boosting the troops' morale, he was useful as a first-hand witness of the situation; he reported to government officials and to the King, to whom he continually wrote detailed and objective accounts of what was happening. Always eager to get involved, the Duke often found himself in dangerous situations, but did not seem overly worried. "Motoring about is not nice as many villages are being bombed", he wrote to his wife in his usual straightforward and dismissive manner. The Duke's two narrowest escapes both came in May 1940.

Having knownKing Leopold III of Belgiumfrom school days, the Duke wanted to meet him personally to offer support after rumours began circulating that Belgium would surrender to Germany. On 14 May, he and his brother-in-law,Lord William Scott,drove from Hotel Univers inArrasinto Belgium to see the King of the Belgians at a secret location. That night, Hotel Univers was bombed, resulting in several deaths, including those staying in the rooms next to the Duke's. The Duke wrote to his brother that King Leopold was "very depressed". As the Duke and Lord William Scott drove back, they were caught up in heavy enemy bombing inTournai,where their car caught fire. They managed to get out and dive into an alleyway, although not unscathed as the Duke needed medical attention for a profusely bleeding wound.[41]

Although generally optimistic, Prince Henry did sometimes suffer from bouts of depression during his service in 1940, especially at the end of his occasional leaves. "My beloved Alice, I did hate leaving you yesterday so very much that I could hardly keep a straight face", he wrote to his wife after reporting back. The strains of living at the French front also diminished his resolve at times: "I think I hate this country and war more than ever... it is such an awful waste of everything", he told the Duchess.[41][42][page needed]

In June, after thefall of Dunkirk,the Duke was ordered back to England by an embarrassed General Headquarters, which had not been able to assure the King's brother's safety. "Wherever I went or had been, I was bombed", the Duke explained to his mother, amused.[41]

In early 1942 the King arranged a four-month-long military and diplomatic mission for the Duke to the Middle East, India and East Africa.[43]The mission came just after Prince Henry had become a father for the first time, and it was considered a dangerous trip, as the Germans were rapidly advancing toward some of the territories the Duke would visit. The King even wrote to his sister-in-law that he would act as guardian of the newly born Prince William if anything should happen to his brother.[41][44]

After Prince Henry's younger brother, the Duke of Kent,died in a plane crashin Scotland in August 1942, it was decided that the Duke of Gloucester would not be sent on any further missions that could prove dangerous.[44]

Governor-General of Australia

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The Duke of Gloucester as Governor-General of Australia in 1945

In late 1944 the Duke was unexpectedly appointedGovernor-General of Australia[1]after the death in 1942 of his younger brother, the Duke of Kent, who had previously been offered the position.[45]

The Duke had made a successful visit to Australia in 1934. Because the Duke was shy,[1]he sometimes appeared stiff and formal, but he and the Duchess travelled widely in Australia using his own plane during their time in office. When Prime Minister Curtin died in 1945, the Duke appointedFrank Fordeas prime minister.

Gloucester left Australia in March 1947, after two years in the post. He was recalled to the UK to act, on behalf of the King, asCounsellor of Stateduring a visit by George VI and Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret to South Africa.[1]As a parting gift, he left his own plane for use by the government and people of Australia.

Later life

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Stamp of Australia, 1945, showing the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, when the Duke became Governor-General

In May 1949, May 1961, May 1962 and May 1963, the Duke served in the office ofLord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland,which temporarily afforded himprecedence in Scotlandimmediately below the King and Queen.

The Duke attended thecoronation of his niece Elizabeth IIin 1953. Both the Duke and Duchess carried out royal engagements, including several overseas tours.[1]In 1954 the Duke served as the Treasurer of the Honourable Society of Gray's Inn. He representedQueen Elizabeth IIduring theMalayan Declaration of Independenceon 31 August 1957. He suffered a series of strokes in later years;[1]his first was in 1965 while he and his wife, Alice, were returning from SirWinston Churchill'sfuneral ceremonyin their vehicle, which resulted in a car crash.[46]This, together with later strokes, left him dependent on a wheelchair, and he was unable to speak in his last remaining years.[46]His last public appearance was at the unveiling of Queen Mary's plaque at Marlborough House in 1967, where he appeared weak and considerably older than the Duke of Windsor. In 1972, he was too ill to attend thefuneral of the Duke of Windsorin May, or the wedding of his younger son, Prince Richard, in July. In August, the Duke's elder son, Prince William, died in a plane crash;[1]by that point, he was in such poor health that his wife hesitated about whether to tell him. She later wrote in her memoirs that she did not, but that he may have learnt of their son's death from television coverage.[32]

Death

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The Duke died on 10 June 1974 at the age of 74. He was the last surviving son of King George V and Queen Mary, and the last living knight of theOrder of St Patrick.His body was buried in theRoyal Burial Ground, Frogmore.[47]

His will was sealed in London after his death in 1981. His estate was valued at £734,262 (or £5.6 million in 2022 when adjusted for inflation).[48]

His second, and only living, son, Prince Richard, inherited the title ofDuke of Gloucester.The Duke's widow,Alice,received permission from Queen Elizabeth II to be styledPrincess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester,to distinguish herself from Prince Richard's wife. She outlived her husband by 30 years until her death on 29 October 2004, becoming, at age 102, thelongest-lived member of the British royal familyin history.[49]

Honours and arms

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Honours

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Country Date Appointment Ribbon Post-nominal

letters

Other
United Kingdom 1921 Royal Knight Companion ofOrder of the Garter KG
1933 Extra Knight of theOrder of the Thistle KT
1934 Knight of theOrder of St Patrick KP [50]
12 May 1937 Recipient of theKing George VI Coronation Medal [51]
1942 Great Master and Principal Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of the Bath GCB [52]
1935 Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of St Michael and St George GCMG [53]
1922 Knight Grand Cross of theRoyal Victorian Order GCVO [54]
1939 Grand Prior of theOrder of St John GCStJ [55]
1929 Personal aide-de-camp ADC [56]
1932 Recipient of theRoyal Victorian Chain [57]
Norway 20 December 1924 Grand Cross with Collar of theOrder of St. Olav [58]
Japan 1921 Grand Cordon of theOrder of the Chrysanthemum [59]Promoted to Collar in 1929
1929 Collar of theOrder of the Chrysanthemum [59]
Denmark 24 June 1924 Knight of theOrder of the Elephant [60]
France May 1927 Grand Cross of theLegion of Honour [61]
Thailand 17 July 1939 Knight of theOrder of the Royal House of Chakri [62]
Sweden 8 June 1956 Knight of theOrder of the Seraphim [63]
Italy 9 May 1958 Grand Cross of theOrder of Merit of the Italian Republic [64]

Military

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Arms

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In 1921, Prince Henry was granted a personal coat of arms, being the royal arms, differenced by a label argent of three points, the centre bearing a lion rampant gules, and the outer points crosses gules.[65]

Prince Henry'scoat of arms
Henry's banner of arms, a three-point label, the first and third points charged with the Cross of St. George, the second point charged with a lion passant guardant
Henry's personal banner of arms in Scotland

Ancestry

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See also:Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark

Notes

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  1. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrsOxford Dictionary of National Biography
  2. ^"30 Mar 1953 - Last respects to Queen Mary - Trove".Courier-Mail.30 March 1953.
  3. ^Edwards, AnneEdwards, Anne (1984).Matriarch.William Morrow. p.195.ISBN0688035116.Matriarch
  4. ^Made on TV by Duke of Gloucester(Speech).Retrieved9 April2015.
  5. ^abcdefghijkVan der Kiste, John (2003).George V's children.Sutton Publishing LTD.ISBN0750934689.[page needed]
  6. ^"No. 31505".The London Gazette(Supplement). 14 August 1919. p. 10343.
  7. ^"No. 32392".The London Gazette(Supplement). 15 July 1921. p. 5702.
  8. ^"The Cricketer Vol I No 17 1922".magazine.cricketarchive.Retrieved20 March2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  9. ^"No. 33273".The London Gazette.10 May 1927. p. 3055.
  10. ^"No. 33522".The London Gazette.2 August 1929. p. 5061.
  11. ^"No. 33697".The London Gazette.10 March 1931. p. 1645.
  12. ^"No. 34075".The London Gazette.3 August 1934. p. 4971.
  13. ^"No. 34166".The London Gazette(Supplement). 31 May 1935. p. 3617.
  14. ^"No. 34177".The London Gazette.5 July 1935. p. 4343.
  15. ^"No. 34297".The London Gazette.23 June 1936. p. 4016.
  16. ^"No. 34356".The London Gazette.1 January 1937. p. 11.
  17. ^"No. 34365".The London Gazette(Supplement). 1 February 1937. p. 688.
  18. ^"No. 34365".The London Gazette(Supplement). 29 January 1937. p. 687.
  19. ^"No. 34365".The London Gazette.12 March 1937. p. 1642.
  20. ^"No. 34402".The London Gazette(Supplement). 28 May 1937. p. 3342.
  21. ^"No. 34456".The London Gazette.19 November 1937. p. 7261.
  22. ^"No. 34675".The London Gazette(Supplement). 8 September 1939. p. 6174.
  23. ^"No. 34764".The London Gazette(Supplement). 29 December 1939. p. 7.
  24. ^"No. 34926".The London Gazette(Supplement). 16 August 1940. p. 5077.
  25. ^"No. 35294".The London Gazette(Supplement). 30 September 1941. p. 5709.
  26. ^"No. 36765".The London Gazette(Supplement). 24 October 1944. p. 4907.
  27. ^"No. 41409".The London Gazette(Supplement). 3 June 1958. p. 3561.
  28. ^"No. 33371".The London Gazette.30 March 1928. p. 2321.
  29. ^"pch.gc.ca:" Royal Visits from 1786 to 1951 "".Archived fromthe originalon 12 July 2017.Retrieved20 July2016.
  30. ^abRoyal Family: Years of Transition.
  31. ^Lovell, Mary S. (2012).Straight on Till Morning: The Life of Beryl Markham.Hachette UK.ISBN978-1405517904.
  32. ^abcThe Memoirs of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester.
  33. ^Davies, Caroline (13 December 2001)."Royal Family throws early 100th birthday party for princess who hated society life".The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved30 May2018.
  34. ^"Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester – Marriage and family".The British Monarchy. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009.Retrieved18 May2015.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  35. ^"HRH Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester".The British Monarchy. Archived from the original on 1 March 2000.Retrieved5 February2018.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  36. ^"House of Commons – A new Magna Carta? – Political and Constitutional Reform".publications.parliament.uk.Retrieved31 October2021.Text was copied from this source, which is available under theOpen Parliament Licence v3.0.© UK Parliament.
  37. ^BlochBloch, Michael (2012).The Secret File of the Duke of Windsor.England.ISBN978-0349001081.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  38. ^CadburyCadbury, Deborah (2015).Princes at War.England.ISBN978-1610394031.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  39. ^Frankland, Noble (1975).Prince Henry Duke of Gloucester.England.ISBN029777705X.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  40. ^ Corbitt, Frederick John (1956).My Twenty Years in Buckingham Palace: a book of intimate memoirs.New York: David McKay Company Inc.ISBN1258094002.
  41. ^abcdCadbury
  42. ^AronsonAronson, Theo (2014).The Royal Family at War.England.ISBN978-1910198032.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  43. ^FO 954/5B/213, 30 March 1942, The National Archives, Kew, England
  44. ^abAronson
  45. ^"From the Archives: The Crown and the people".The Sydney Morning Herald.30 January 2020.Retrieved30 January2020.
  46. ^ab"Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester".The Independent.London. 1 November 2004.Retrieved3 February2017.
  47. ^"Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805".College of St George - Windsor Castle.Retrieved5 March2023.
  48. ^Evans, Rob; Pegg, David (18 July 2022)."£187m of Windsor family wealth hidden in secret royal wills".The Guardian.Retrieved19 July2022.
  49. ^"Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, Later years and death".Official website of the British monarchy.Royal Household. 2008.
  50. ^"Monarchy Today: Queen and Public: Honours: Order of St Patrick".Official website of the British Monarchy.Retrieved15 December2008.
  51. ^"No. 34453".The London Gazette(Supplement). 10 November 1937. p. 7036.
  52. ^The Times,25 February 1942, p. 7.
  53. ^"No. 34147".The London Gazette.2 April 1935. p. 2230.
  54. ^P. Galloway, D. Stanley, D. Martin (1996),Royal Service,volume 1, pp. 209–212 (London: Victorian Publishing,ISBN0-9528527-0-5)
  55. ^Tozer, Charles W. (1975).The Insignia and Medals of the Grand Priory of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.London, GBR: J. B. Hayward and Son. p. 78.
  56. ^ab"No. 15180".The Edinburgh Gazette.7 June 1935. p. 507.
  57. ^"No. 33831".The London Gazette.31 May 1932. p. 3573.
  58. ^"Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden",Norges Statskalender for Aaret 1930(in Norwegian), Oslo: Forlagt av H. Aschehoug & Co. (w. Nygaard), 1930, pp.995–996 – via runeberg.org
  59. ^ab"Insignia of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (Japan). George V's insignia: collar & badge 1900-20".Royal Collection.Retrieved25 December2020.
  60. ^Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1933) [1st pub.:1801].Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1933[State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1933](PDF).Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 17.Retrieved5 March2020– viada:DIS Danmark.
  61. ^M. & B. Wattel (2009).Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers(in French). Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 463.ISBN978-2-35077-135-9.
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  64. ^GLOUCESTER S.A.R. Duca di Glucester,Onorificenze,Palazzo Quirinalewebsite
  65. ^Heraldica – British Royal Cadency
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Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
Cadet branch of theHouse of Wettin
Born:31 March 1900Died:10 June 1974
Government offices
Preceded by Governor-General of Australia
1945–1947 		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Great Master of the Order of the Bath
1942–1974 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Senior Privy Counsellor
1972–1974 		Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New title
5th creation
 Duke of Gloucester
1928–1974 		Succeeded by
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