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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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"PNAS" and "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" redirect here. For the Indian journal, seeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India.For the protein, seeSodium/phosphate cotransporter.For other uses, seePNA (disambiguation).

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America(often abbreviatedPNASorPNAS USA) is apeer-reviewedmultidisciplinaryscientific journal.It is the official journal of theNational Academy of Sciences,published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According toJournal Citation Reports,the journal has a 2022impact factorof 9.4.[1]PNASis the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018.[2]In the past,PNAShas been described variously as "prestigious",[3][4]"sedate",[5]"renowned"[6]and "high impact".[7]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DisciplineMultidisciplinary
LanguageEnglish
EditedbyMay Berenbaum
Publication details
History1915–present
Publisher
FrequencyWeekly
Hybrid,delayed(after 6 months)
9.4 (2023)
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Inde xing
CODENPNASA6
ISSN0027-8424(print)
1091-6490(web)
LCCN16010069
JSTOR00278424
OCLCno.43473694
Links

PNASis adelayed open-access journal,with anembargo periodof six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019,PNAShas beenonline-only,although print issues are available on demand.

History

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PNASwas established by theNational Academy of Sciences(NAS) in 1914,[note 1][8][9]: 30 with its first issue published in 1915. The NAS itself was founded in 1863 as a private institution, butcharteredby theUnited States Congress,with the goal to "investigate, examine, experiment and report upon any subject of science or art."

Prior to the inception ofPNAS,the National Academy of Sciences published three volumes of organizational transactions, consisting mostly of minutes of meetings and annual reports. For much of the journal's history,PNASpublished brief first announcements of Academy members' and associates' contributions to research.[10]In December 1995,[11]PNASopened submissions to all authors without first needing to be sponsored by anNAS member.

Members were allowed to communicate up to two papers from non-members toPNASevery year. The review process for these papers was anonymous in that the identities of the referees were not revealed to the authors. Referees were selected by theNAS member.[10][12][13]PNASeliminated communicated submissions through NAS members as of July 1, 2010,while continuing to make the final decision on allPNASpapers.[14]

95% of papers are peer reviewed Direct Submissions and 5% are contributed submissions.[15][16][failed verification]

In 2022 NAS establishedPNAS Nexus,an interdisciplinary open-access journal published byOxford Academic.[17][18]

American national security concerns

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In 2003,PNASissued an editorial stating its policy on publication of sensitive material in the life sciences.[19]PNASstated that it would "continue to monitor submitted papers for material that may be deemed inappropriate and that could, if published, compromise the public welfare." This statement was in keeping with the efforts of several other journals.[20][21]In 2005PNASpublished an article titled "Analyzing a bioterror attack on the food supply: The case of botulinum toxin in milk",[22]despite objections raised by theU.S. Department of Health and Human Services.[23]The paper was published with a commentary by the president of the Academy at the time,Bruce Alberts,titled "Modeling attacks on the food supply".[24]

Contributed review concerns

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The controversialYounger Dryas impact hypothesis,which evolved directly from pseudoscience and now forms the basis for the pseudoarchaeology ofGraham Hancock'sAncient Apocalypse,was first published in PNAS using a nonstandard review system, according to a comprehensive refutation by Holliday et al (2023).[25]According to this 2023 review, "Claiming evidence where none exists and providing misleading citations may be accidental, but when conducted repeatedly, it becomes negligent and undermines scientific advancement as well as the credibility of science itself. Also culpable is the failure of the peer review process to prevent such errors of fact from entering the literature. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 'contributed review' system for National Academy members...is at least partially responsible. The 'pal reviews' (as some refer to them) were significantly curtailed in 2010, in part due to the YDIH controversy."

Editors

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The following people have beeneditors-in-chiefof the journal:

The first managing editor of the journal was mathematicianEdwin Bidwell Wilson.

Notes

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  1. ^The Stankus book reference states 1918 as the year instead of 1914.

References

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  1. ^"Journal Citation Reports".Clarivate.RetrievedJuly 2,2024.
  2. ^"InCites [v2.54] – Sign In".error.incites.thomsonreuters.Archived fromthe originalon January 8, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 31,2019.[dead link‍]
  3. ^"Discovery (could pave way for better diabetes treatments)".The News-Star.Vol. 86, no. 264. Monroe, Louisiana. July 6, 2015. p. 2D – via Newspapers.
  4. ^"Ben-Gurion study highlights gene that could lead to new therapies for ALS".South Florida Sun Sentinel.September 21, 2016. p. A52 – via Newspapers.
  5. ^Lear, John (August 11, 1986)."On Our Knees".The Gettysburg Times.Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. p. 4 – via Newspapers.
  6. ^Byerman, Mikalee (October 26, 2008)."Survival skills".Living Green.Reno Gazette-Journal.Vol. 27, no. 300. Reno, Nevada. p. 7 – via Newspapers.
  7. ^"U of U programs frequently cited as references".School News.The Daily Spectrum.Vol. 27, no. 167. St. George, Utah. August 16, 1993. p. B2 – via Newspapers.
  8. ^"Assistant professor's research gets published".Poughkeepsie Journal.Poughkeepsie, New York. October 13, 2009. p. 1D – via Newspapers.
  9. ^Stankus, Tony (1990).Scientific journals: Improving library collections through analysis of publishing trends.Haworth Press.ISBN0-886656-905-7– via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
  10. ^abInformation for Authors
  11. ^Schekman, R. (2007)."Introducing Feature Articles in PNAS"(PDF).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.104(16): 6495.Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6495S.doi:10.1073/pnas.0702818104.PMC1871811.S2CID84888136.
  12. ^Fersht, Alan (May 3, 2005)."Editorial: How and why to publish in PNAS".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.102(18): 6241–6242.Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.6241F.doi:10.1073/pnas.0502713102.PMC1088396.PMID16576766.
  13. ^Garfield, Eugene(September 7, 1987)."Classic Papers from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"(PDF).Essays of an Information Scientist.10(36): 247.RetrievedSeptember 28,2007.
  14. ^Schekman, Randy (2009)."PNAS will eliminate Communicated submissions in July 2010".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.106(37): 15518.Bibcode:2009PNAS..10615518S.doi:10.1073/pnas.0909515106.PMC2747149.
  15. ^Verma, Inder M. (October 7, 2014)."Simplifying the Direct Submission process".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.111(40): 14311.Bibcode:2014PNAS..11114311V.doi:10.1073/pnas.1417688111.PMC4210033.PMID25246596.
  16. ^"About Direct Submission | PNAS".
  17. ^"About the Journal".oup.Oxford University Press.RetrievedDecember 12,2022.
  18. ^"PNAS Nexus".nasonline.org.National Academy of Sciences.RetrievedDecember 12,2022.
  19. ^Cozzarelli, Nicholas R. (2003)."PNAS policy on publication of sensitive material in the life sciences".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.100(4): 1463.Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.1463C.doi:10.1073/pnas.0630514100.PMC149849.PMID12590130.
  20. ^Harmon, Amy(February 16, 2003)."Journal Editors to Consider U.S. Security in Publishing".Archives.The New York Times.
  21. ^Fauber, John (February 16, 2003). "Science articles to be censored in terror fight".Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
  22. ^Wein, L. M. (2005)."Analyzing a bioterror attack on the food supply: The case of botulinum toxin in milk".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.102(28): 9984–9989.Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.9984W.doi:10.1073/pnas.0408526102.PMC1161865.PMID15985558.
  23. ^"Provocative report on bioterror online".The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.June 29, 2005.
  24. ^Alberts, B. (2005)."Modeling attacks on the food supply".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.102(28): 9737–9738.Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.9737A.doi:10.1073/pnas.0504944102.PMC1175018.PMID15985557.
  25. ^Holliday, Vance T.; Daulton, Tyrone L.; Bartlein, Patrick J.; Boslough, Mark B.; Breslawski, Ryan P.; Fisher, Abigail E.; Jorgeson, Ian A.; Scott, Andrew C.; Koeberl, Christian; Marlon, Jennifer; Severinghaus, Jeffrey; Petaev, Michail I.; Claeys, Philippe (July 26, 2023)."Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)".Earth-Science Reviews.247:104502.Bibcode:2023ESRv..24704502H.doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104502.S2CID260218223.
  26. ^Sinsheimer, Robert L. (August 29, 1976)."Caution May Be an Essential Scientific Virtue".Los Angeles Times.Vol. XCV, no. 270. p. IV:5 – via Newspapers.Robert L. Sinsheimer is head of Caltech's biology division and chairman of the editorial board of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
  27. ^Robbins, Gary (December 28, 2017),"Renowned Salk Institute scientist loses a top post due to gender discrimination claims",Los Angeles Times
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