Pullmanis the term for railroaddining cars,lounge cars,and especiallysleeping carsthat were built and operated by thePullman Company(founded byGeorge Pullman) from 1867 to December 31, 1968.
Railwaydining carsin the U.S. and Europe were operated by the Pullman Company. Andlounge carswere operated by theCompagnie Internationale des Wagons-Litsin France, and theBritish Pullman Car CompanyinGreat Britain.
Other uses
edit- The nicknamePullman coachwas used in some European cities for the first long (four-axle)electric tramcarswhose appearance resembled the Pullman railway cars and that were usually more comfortable than their predecessors. Such coaches (Russian:пульмановский вагон,romanized:pul'manovsky vagon) ran inKyivfrom 1907[1][2]and inOdessafrom 1912.[3]
- In the 1920s, tramcars nicknamedPullmanwagenin German ran in Leipzig, Cologne, Frankfurt and Zürich.[4]
- In someWestern Europeancountries in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, some especially luxuriousmotor coacheswere sometimes referred to asAuto-Pullmans.
- In 1963, the luxuriousMercedes-Benz 600was introduced, with a range including along wheelbaselimousine version calledPullman.Later,stretched versionsof regularMercedes-Benz S-Classcars were also calledPullman.
- InGreekandItalian,the word "pullman" is used to refer to acoach bus.In Greek, it would be spelled "πούλμαν".
- InArabic,the word "pullman" is used to refer to acoach businSyria.In Arabic, it would be spelled "بولمان".
- InLatin America,pullmanmay refer to a luxurybusas well as to a railroad sleeping car.
- APullman loafis a type of long, square bread originally developed to be baked in the small kitchens of Pullman rail cars.
Gallery
edit-
The first Pullman sleeping car -
Former Brighton Belle Pullman carriage at London Victoria, now part of theVenice-Simplon Orient Expressfleet -
"Pullman" tramcar inKyiv,1930 -
A Pullman bus of theNairn Transport Companyfor the Damascus- Baghdad service
See also
edit- Starlight Express,a train musical in which two characters are modeled on a Pullman.
- Clerestory § Transportation,Railway Coach roof design following the Pullman American influence.
Notes
edit- ^Stefan Mashkevich.Pullman, the first four-axle car in Kyiv
- ^Ю.Ю. Струк (ред.). Киевский трамвай за сорок лет (1892–1932). Киевский коммунальный трамвайный трест, 1933, p.63(in Russian)
- ^История Одесского трамвая(in Russian)
- ^Hans Bodmer.Das Tram in Zürich, 1928 bis 1962.p. 11 (in German)
References
edit- Welsh, Joe; Bill Howes (2004).Travel by Pullman: a century of service.Saint Paul, MN: MBI.ISBN0760318573.OCLC56634363.
- Barger, Ralph L. (1988).A Century of Pullman Cars, Volume I, Alphabetical List.Greenberg Publishing Company, Inc.
- Barger, Ralph L. (1990).A Century of Pullman Cars, Volume II, The Palace Cars.Greenberg Publishing Company, Inc.
External links
edit- The Pullman Project
- Canadian National Railways Sleeping Car No. 1683St. Hyacinthe—photographs and short history of a Sleeping Car built in 1929.
- Chicago Historical Society's Pullman website
- Pullman Prototypes—Pantagraph (Bloomington, IL newspaper)
