List ofSailor Mooncharacters

TheSailor Moonmangaseries features a cast of characters created byNaoko Takeuchi.The series takes place inTokyo,Japan, where the Sailor Guardians(セーラー chiến sĩ,Sērā Senshi),a group of tenmagical girls,are formed to fight against antagonists who aim to take over theEarth,theSolar Systemand theMilky Way.Each Guardian undergoes a transformation which grants her a uniform in her own theme colors and anelementalpower. They are named after the planets of the Solar System, with the exception of Earth but including its moon. While many characters are humans who possesssuperhuman strengthand magical abilities, the cast also includesanthropomorphicanimals andextraterrestriallifeforms.

The series follows the adventures of the titular protagonist,Sailor Moon,her loverTuxedo Mask,her cat advisorLuna,and her guardians and friends: SailorsMercury,Mars,JupiterandVenus.They are later joined byChibiusa,Sailor Moon and Tuxedo Mask's daughter from the future, and four more guardians: SailorsUranus,Neptune,PlutoandSaturn.The series' antagonists include theDark Kingdom,theBlack Moon Clan,theDeath Busters,theDead Moon CircusandShadow Galactica.

Takeuchi's initial concept for the series wasCodename: Sailor V,in which Sailor V discovers her magical powers and protects the people of Earth. After theCodename: Sailor Vmanga was proposed for an anime adaptation, Takeuchi changed her concept to include ten superheroines who defend the galaxy. The manga'sanime,live-action,musicalandvideo gameadaptations feature original characters the production staff created rather than Takeuchi.

Creation and conception

Naoko Takeuchiinitially wroteCodename: Sailor V,a one-shot manga that focused onSailor Venus.WhenToei Animationproposed it for an anime adaptation, Takeuchi changed the concept to include Sailor Venus as a part of a "sentai"(team of five) and created the characters of Sailors Moon, Mercury, Mars and Jupiter.^[1]

The name "Sailor Senshi" is derived fromsailor fuku,a type of Japanese school uniform that the main characters' fighting uniforms are based on, and the Japanese wordsenshi,which can mean "soldier", "warrior", "guardian", or "fighter".^[2]Takeuchi created the term by fusing English and Japanese words.DIC Entertainment/Cloverway's English adaptation of the anime changed it to "Sailor Scout" for most of its run. According to Takeuchi, only females can be Sailor Guardians.^[1]In the anime'sfifth season,theSailor Starlightsare depicted as men transforming into women when changing from their normal forms into Sailor Guardians, rather than women disguising as men as they appear in the manga.

Takeuchi wanted to create a series about girls in outer space, and her editor, Fumio Osano, suggested that she add the "sailor suit" motif to their uniforms.^[3]Takeuchi settled on a more unified appearance in later stages of character design.^[4]Among the protagonist Sailor Guardians, Sailor Venus, during her time as Sailor V, has the only outfit that varies significantly from the others. Sailor Moon, regardless of form, always has a more elaborate costume than others, and has individual power-ups more frequently than other characters. Sailor Guardians originating from outside the Solar System have different and varying outfits, but the sailor collar serves as a unifying trait in their designs.

Most of the antagonists in the series have names related to minerals and gemstones, includingQueen Beryland theFour Kings of Heaven,the Black Moon Clan,Kaoliniteand theWitches 5,as well as most members of the Dead Moon Circus. Members of theAmazoness Quartetare named after the first fourasteroidsto be discovered. TheSailor Animamateshave the prefix "Sailor", despite not being genuine Sailor Guardians in the manga,^[5]^{: Act 52}followed by the name of a metal and the name of an animal.

Main characters

The Sailor Guardians as seen inSailor Moon Crystal(season 3)

Sailor Moon

Usagi Tsukino(Nguyệt dã うさぎ,Tsukino Usagi,called Serena Tsukino in the original English dub of thefirst anime adaptation)is the main protagonist of the series. She is a fourteen-year-old girl who is sometimes careless but has a great capacity for love, compassion and understanding. Usagi transforms into the heroine Sailor Moon, the Guardian of Love and Justice. At the beginning of the series, she is a self-described immature crybaby who resents fighting evil and wants nothing more than to be a normal girl. As the story progresses, however, she embraces the chance to use her power to protect those she cares about.^[6]^{: 283–284}^[7]^: 209Her theme color ispink.

Tuxedo Mask

Mamoru Chiba(Mà tràng vệ,Chiba Mamoru,called Darien Shields in the original English dub)is a student who is older than Usagi. When he was young, he was in a car accident that killed his parents and erased his memories.^[8]He and Usagi share a special psychic connection, and he can sense when she is in danger.^[9]^[10]This inspires him to take on the guise of Tuxedo Mask and fight alongside the Sailor Guardians when needed. After an initially confrontational relationship,^[11]he and Usagi remember their past lives and fall in love again.

Sailor Mercury

Ami Mizuno(Thủy dã á mỹ,Mizuno Ami,called Amy Anderson in the original English dub)is a fourteen-year-oldbookwormin Usagi's class, who is quiet yet intelligent and rumored to have anIQof 300.^[12]^{: Act 2}She can transform into Sailor Mercury, the Guardian of Water and Wisdom. Despite her shy exterior, she is passionate about learning and taking care of those around her^[13]and hopes to eventually become adoctorlike her mother. She tends to be the practical one of the group and is secretly a fan ofpop cultureandromance novels,and becomes embarrassed when this is pointed out. She owns a handheld computer which can scan and detect virtually anything which she needs information about. Her theme color isblue.

Sailor Mars

Rei Hino(Hỏa dã レイ,Hino Rei,called Raye Hino in the original English dub)is an elegant fourteen-year-oldmiko(English:shrine maiden). Because of her work as aShintopriestess, she has limitedprecognitionand can dispel or nullify evil using specialofudascrolls, even in her civilian form.^[6]^{: 165–166}She transforms into Sailor Mars, the Guardian of Fire and Passion. She is very serious and focused and easily annoyed by Usagi's laziness, but cares about her. In the anime adaptation, Rei is portrayed as boy-crazy and short-tempered,^[6]^{: 165–166}while in the manga and live-action series she is depicted as uninterested in romance and more self-controlled.^[14]^{: Act 41}She attends a private Catholic school separate from the other girls. Her theme color isred.

Sailor Jupiter

Makoto Kino(Mộc dã まこと,Kino Makoto,called Lita Kino in the original English dub)is a fourteen-year-old girl who is a student in Usagi's class. She excels at hand-to-hand combat and is rumored to have been expelled from her previous school for fighting. She is unusually tall and strong for a Japanese schoolgirl,^[15]^: 12and transforms into Sailor Jupiter, the Guardian of Thunder and Courage. Because her parents died in a plane crash years ago, she lives alone and takes care of herself.^[16]^{: Makoto's Melancholy}She cultivates her physical strength and domestic interests, includinghousekeeping,cooking and gardening. Her dream is to marry a young handsome man and to own a flower-and-cake shop.^[16]^{: Act 42}Her theme color isgreen.

Sailor Venus

Minako Aino(Ái dã mỹ nại tử,Aino Minako,called Mina Aino in the original English dub)is a fourteen-year-old girl who first appears as the main protagonist ofCodename: Sailor V.^[17]^[18]^{: Act 9}She has a companion cat calledArtemis,who works alongsideLunain guiding the Sailor Guardians. Minako transforms into Sailor Venus, the Guardian of Love and Beauty, and leads Sailor Moon's four inner Guardians while acting as her bodyguard and decoy because of their similar appearances. She dreams of becoming a famous singer andidoland attendsauditionswhenever she can.^[19]In contrast, in the live-action series, she is a successfulJ-popsinger whom Usagi, Ami and Makoto are fans of and has poor health due to heranemia,causing her to choose to isolate herself from the other Guardians.^[20]Her theme color isorange.

Sailor Chibi Moon

Chibiusa(ちびうさ,Chibiusa,called "Rini" in the original English dub)is the future daughter ofNeo-Queen SerenityandKing Endymionin the 30th century. She later trains with Sailor Moon to become a Sailor Guardian in her own right,^[6]^{: 123–211}and learns to transform into Sailor Chibi Moon (known as "Sailor Mini Moon" in the English series). At times, she has an adversarial relationship with her mother,^[6]^: 284but as the series progresses they develop a deep bond, with her wanting to grow up to become like her.^[14]^: 35Her theme color islight pink.

Sailor Pluto

Setsuna Meioh(Minh Vương せつな,Meiō Setsuna,called Trista Meioh in the original English dub)is a mysterious woman who initially appears as Sailor Pluto, the Guardian ofSpacetimeandChange.^[21]She has the duty of guarding the Space-Time Door against unauthorized travelers, but later appears on Earth living as a college student. She has a distant personality and can be very stern, but can also be friendly and helps the Sailor Guardians when she can.^[6]^: 212After her long vigil guarding the Space-Time Door, she carries a deep sense of loneliness, although she is close friends with Chibiusa, who calls her by her nickname "Puu". Her talisman, the Garnet Orb, aids her power to attack and temporarily stop time. Her theme color iscrimson.

Sailor Uranus

Haruka Tenoh(Thiên vương はるか,Ten'ō Haruka,called Amara Tenoh in the original English dub)is a good-natured tomboyish girl who is a year older than most of the other Sailor Guardians. She transforms into Sailor Uranus, the Guardian of Sky and Flight.^[21]Before becoming a Sailor Guardian, she aspired to become a race car driver, and has excellent driving skills.^[22]She tends todressand, in the anime, speaklike a man,with other characters often mistaking her for a man. When fighting the enemy, she distrusts outside help and prefers to work solely with her girlfriend, Sailor Neptune, and later Pluto and Saturn. Her talisman, the Space Sword, aids her fighting. Her theme color isnavy.

Sailor Neptune

Michiru Kaioh(Hải vương みちる,Kaiō Michiru,called Michelle Kaioh in the original English dub)is an elegant and talentedviolinistand painter. Similar to her partner and lover, Haruka Tenoh, she hails from a wealthy family, though they are not mentioned in the series. She transforms into Sailor Neptune, the Guardian of Ocean andEmbrace.^[21]She worked alone for some time before finding her partner, Sailor Uranus.^[23]Neptune ultimately gave up her dreams and devoted herself to her duty as a Sailor Guardian, which she is willing to make sacrifices for. Her talisman, the Deep Aqua Mirror, aids her intuition and reveals cloaked evil. Her theme color isteal.

Sailor Saturn

Hotaru Tomoe(Thổ 萠ほたる,Tomoe Hotaru)is a sweet and lonely young girl, whose health was compromised following a laboratory accident in her youth. After overcoming the darkness that surrounded her family, she transforms into Sailor Saturn, the Guardian of Silence,DestructionandRebirth.^[6]^{: 123–211}She is often pensive, and as a human has the power to heal others.^[24]^{: Act 27}She wields the Silence Glaive, which gives her the power to generate barriers and destroy a planet. When she uses that power, she kills herself, but Sailor Moon later revives her and she comes to live with Haruka, Michiru and Setsuna like a family. Her theme color ispurple.

Antagonists

Dark Kingdom

The Dark Kingdom(ダーク・キングダム,Dāku Kingudamu,called Negaverse in the original English dub)are the first set of antagonists the Sailor Guardians encounter, who appear in the first arc of the manga and its adaptions. Established by Queen Beryl, its members mostly consist of brainwashed reincarnations of residents from the Golden Kingdom of Earth who aim to gather human energy and find the Silver Crystal to reawaken Queen Metaria, who was responsible for the destruction of the Silver Millennium of the Moon and the Golden Kingdom.^[25]^{: Act 10}

Hell Tree aliens

The Hell Tree aliens(Ma giới thụ エイリアン,Makai Ju Eirian,called the Doom Tree aliens in the original English dub)are a group who only appear in the anime, serving as the main antagonists of the first thirteen episodes ofSailor Moon R.Ail and An are twoalienswho wandered space for many years before reaching Earth, where they collect energy to revive the Hell Tree so that it can give them energy to survive. Unlike other antagonists of the series, their mission was primarily that of survival, rather than conquest or destruction. The DIC dub had Ail and An making a mentioning in their first appearance of having met Queen Beryl at some point in their life.

Ail and An

Ail(エイル,Eiru,called Alan in the original English dub)and An(アン,called Ann in the original English dub)are humanoid aliens who pose, respectively, as Seijūrō Ginga(Ngân hà tinh Thập Lang,Ginga Seijūrō,called Alan Granger in the original English dub)and Natsumi Ginga(Ngân hà hạ mỹ,Ginga Natsumi,called Ann Granger in the original English dub),siblings who transfer to Usagi's school and live in the Jūban Odyssey apartments. While trying to blend in, Ail acts as An's brother and develops a crush on Usagi and tries to win her over, much to An's dismay. Despite this, he constantly denies these feelings to her, knowing her tendency to have fits of jealous rage. An later develops a crush on Mamoru and tries to win him over, much to Ail and Usagi's dismay of Ail and Usagi. Ail and An are the only two of their kind.

In Japanese, in the original series, they are voiced byHikaru MidorikawaandYumi Tōma,respectively. In the English dub, in the DIC English version they are voiced byVince CorazzaandSabrina Grdevich,respectively, and in the Viz Media English version they are voiced byBrian BeacockandDorothy Elias-Fahn,respectively.

The Hell Tree

The Hell Tree(Ma giới thụ,Makai Ju,called the Doom Tree in the DIC English dub)is an alien tree that nourishes Ail and An. It lived alone on an island in a vast ocean on a faraway planet before creating life and giving energy to its many children. The children became greedy and fought each other until the planet was destroyed, with the tree and Ail and An as the only survivors. The tree became weak and required energy to stay alive, with Ail and An supplying it with human energy to revive it, which eventually stops working. The tree becomes angered and starts to injure those around it, killing An in the process. Sailor Moon uses her power to purify the Tree and resurrect An, who, along with Ail and a reborn tree in the form of a small sapling, leave Earth for a better life.

In Japanese, the Hell Tree is voiced byTaeko Nakanishi.In the English dub, it is voiced byElizabeth Hannain the DIC English adaptation and byErin Fitzgeraldin the Viz Media English adaptation.

Cardians

The Cardians(カーディアン,Kādian)aremonsters of the weekAil and An use to obtain energy to revive the Hell Tree. They are kept in cards until Ail summons them by playing a tune on his flute, causing it to come alive. When a Cardian is destroyed, it changes back into its card form and the picture of it on the card fades to black.

Black Moon Clan

The Black Moon Clan(ブラック・ムーン nhất tộc,Burakku Mūn Ichizoku,called Negamoon Family in the original English dub)are the main antagonists of the "Black Moon" arc of the manga and its adaptations. They are a terrorist group from the 30th century led by Prince Demand and based on the planet Nemesis, which provides them with the Malefic Black Crystal, whose goal of ending Neo-Queen Serenity's reign is being manipulated by the mysterious Wiseman.^[26]^{: Act 20}

Death Busters

The Death Busters(デス・バスターズ,Desu Basutāzu,called Heart Snatchers in the original English dub)are the main antagonists of the "Infinity" arc of the manga and its adaptions. Initially led by Kaolinite and Professor Souichi Tomoe before the resurrection of their true leader Mistress 9,^[27]^{: Act 34}they are human-alien hybrids seeking to bring the alien creature Pharaoh 90 to terraform Earth.^[28]^{: Act 36}

Dead Moon Circus

The Dead Moon Circus(デッド・ムーン・サーカス,Deddo Mūn Sākasu,called Dark Moon Circus in the original English dub)are the main antagonists of the "Dream" arc of the manga and its adaptations. Led by Zirconia, they seek the Golden Crystal to release their ruler Queen Nehelenia from her mirror prison and take over Earth.^[14]^{: Act 36}

Shadow Galactica

Shadow Galactica(シャドウ・ギャラクティカ,Shadō Gyarakutika)are the main antagonists of the final arc of the manga and its adaptations. They are an organization of corrupted Sailor Guardians led by Sailor Galaxia, who devote themselves to stealing Star Seeds, the essence of sentient life, from inhabitants of the Milky Way.^[29]^{: Act 50}Their ultimate goal is to reorganize the universe as desired by Chaos, the overarching antagonist of the series.^[5]^{: Act 59}

Supporting characters

Luna, Artemis and Diana

Luna, Artemis and Diana are cats from the planet Mau, which is named after the Chinese word "Miêu", meaning "cat", who act as advisors to their owners. They are capable of speech and have a crescent moon symbol on their forehead, and can also assume a human form. The two older cats, Luna and Artemis, lived in the Moon Kingdom millennia before the events of the series and were advisors toQueen Serenity;the third, Diana, is much younger and was born on Earth. The cats serve as mentors and confidantes, as well as a source of information and new tools and items. Although Luna has the largest role of the three, Artemis was the first to appear and was also prominent inCodename: Sailor V.

In Act 55 of the manga,Sailor Tin Nyanko,a false Guardian from Mau, attacks them. Artemis calls it a peace-loving world, but Tin Nyanko informs him thatSailor Galaxiawiped out its people after he and Luna left. She blasts them on their crescent moon symbols and they turn into ordinary cats, unable to speak. Later, as they care for the cats,Princess Kakyuuinforms Usagi that they have powerful Star Seeds which are as brilliant as Sailor Crystals. In Act 56, they are brought to the River Lethe andSailor Lethekills them, but are reincarnated at the end of the series along with everyone else.^{[note 1]}

In thelive-action series,Luna and Artemis are portrayed as stuffed toys rather than real cats. They are usually represented usingpuppets,thoughCGIeffects are used for complicated scenes.

Writer Mary Grigsby considers the cat characters to blend pre-modern ideas about feminine mystery with modern ideas such as thelucky cat.^[30]

Luna

Luna(ルナ,Runa)is ablack catwho was a devoted servant to Princess Serenity and advisor to her mother, Queen Serenity. When the kingdom fell, she and Artemis were put into a long sleep and sent to Earth to look after the Sailor Guardians, who are reborn there, with parts of her memory suppressed so that she must find the Sailor Guardians.^[18]^{: Act 9}She also provides them with many of their items. She first encounters Usagi and teaches her to become Sailor Moon, unaware that she is actually the reincarnated Princess Serenity. Over the course of the series, Luna develops a close bond with Usagi, though it is initially on uneasy terms, as Luna often upsets her by giving her unsolicited advice. She and Artemis have an implied romantic relationship, which is confirmed when they meet Diana, their daughter from the future.

Artemis

Artemis(アルテミス,Arutemisu)is the white cat companion toMinako Aino,who trains her to become Sailor V and remains by her side when she takes on her proper role as Sailor Venus. He first guides Usagi through the Sailor V video game at the Crown Game Centerarcadewithout revealing his true identity. In the anime, when a technical problem reveals him, Luna is annoyed to learn that he was guiding her.^[31]Later, he fills Luna in on the details of her true mission.^[18]^{: Act 9}In theSailor Vmanga and the live-action series, he gives special items to the Guardians, but unlike Luna does not seem to produce them himself. He does not seem to mind the fact that he is named after a female goddess, even when Minako teases him about it.^[17]He is more easy-going than Luna and has a "big brother" relationship with Minako, although it is implied he is attracted to her.^[16]^{: Act 43}He also cares deeply for Luna, often comforting her when she is distressed and stating his admiration of her. In addition, he is a good father to Diana, as evidenced by her affection for him.

In Japanese, Artemis is voiced byYasuhiro Takatoin the first anime adaptation, by Yohei Oobayashi in the first three seasons ofCrystal,andTaishi Muratain theEternalandCosmosfilms.^[32]In the live-action series, he is voiced byKappei Yamaguchi.He appears in the first Sailor Moon musical, played by a cat-suited Keiji Himeno. In English, he is voiced byRon Rubinin the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation and byJohnny Yong Boschin theViz MediaEnglish adaptation.

Diana

Diana(ダイアナ,Daiana)is a cat, the future daughter of Luna and Artemis, who first appears when the Sailor Guardians travel to the 30th century in the Black Moon arc. After defeating Death Phantom, she joins them after they return to the 20th century. In the anime, she first appears inSailor Moon SuperS,calling Artemis her father, to Luna's initial dismay. It is later revealed that she is from the future and that her mother is Luna. Just as Luna and Artemis guide Usagi and Minako, Diana acts as a guardian toChibiusa.She is curious, eager to help and polite, always addressing Usagi and Mamoru with theJapanese honorific"-sama"and calling Chibiusa by her formal title, Small Lady. Despite her youth, she is occasionally able to help the Sailor Guardians, often because of the knowledge she has gained in the future.

In Japanese, Diana is voiced byKumiko Nishiharain the first series and byShoko NakagawainCrystal.In English, she is voiced byLoretta Jafelicein the Cloverway English adaptation, by Naomi Emmerson inSailor Moon SuperS: The Movie,and byDebi Derryberryin the Viz Media English adaptation.

In one of her reviews ofSailor Moon Crystal,IGNwriter Meghan Sullivan admitted that the scene in which Diana tells Sailor Pluto to go and help Chibiusa and the Sailor Guardians while she guards the Door of Time and Space made her tear up, stating: "Here was this tiny cat—who by her own admission has no powers and is too small to fight, offering to help however she could. It's moments like these that remind me why I loveSailor Moonso much. "^[33]

Sailor Starlights

The Sailor Starlights(セーラースターライツ,Sērā Sutāraitsu)are a group of Sailor Guardians composed of Sailor Star Fighter, Sailor Star Maker and Sailor Star Healer; in civilian form they go by the pseudonyms Kou Seiya, Kou Taiki and Kou Yaten, respectively.They are from the planetKinmoku(キンモク tinh,Kinmokusei),whose princess,Princess Kakyuu,left to escapeSailor Galaxia's assault and heal her wounds. They tracked Kakyuu to Earth and then Japan, where they disguised themselves as the malepop stargroup The Three Lights(スリーライツ,Surī Raitsu)and embedded their music with a telepathic broadcast to attract her attention. They attend Jūban High School along with Usagi and her friends. Eventually, while headed to the Galaxy Cauldron, Galaxia's henchwomenSailor Chi and Sailor Phikill them.

In the anime, the Starlights were given a major role. On Earth, they physically change into males in their civilian forms and become women again when transforming into Sailor Guardians, as opposed to their manga counterparts, who disguise themselves as men as civilians. As Starlights, they distance themselves from the other Sailor Guardians, deeming that Earth is not their responsibility. They survive several direct battles with Galaxia herself, and help Sailor Moon defeat Chaos to save Galaxia. Takeuchi expressed surprise atToei Animation's decision to make the Starlights lead characters in the anime adaptation, but was even more shocked by their treatment of their sex.^[34]In theItaliandub, instead of changing sex, the team has six members, as the Three Lights summon their twin sisters instead of transforming, as the original depiction was very controversial inItaly.^[35]

The Starlights are featured in several of theSailor Moonmusicals(Sailor Stars,Eien Densetsu,and their revised editions, as well asRyuusei Densetsu,Kakyuu-Ouhi Kourinand Le Mouvement Final). Despite being portrayed by women, it is meant to be ambiguous as to whether they take on male forms or cross-dress, though their personalities reflect the former. Their story also combines elements from both the manga and the anime; for instance, they travel to the Galaxy Cauldron as in the manga, but survive the battles against Galaxia as in the anime. The pairings with the Sailor Guardians from the anime are also featured in some musicals.

Their exact relationship to each other is unknown; according to the manga, they are not siblings.^[29]^{: Act 51}Their name "Kou" ( quang ) has several meanings, including "light", making the name "Three Lights" a pun. In the original English manga, "Kou" was translated to "Lights" and was used as their shared family name.

Sailor Star Fighter

Kou Seiya(Tinh dã quang,Seiya Kō)is the leader of the Starlights as Sailor Star Fighter(セーラースターファイター,Sērā Sutā Faitā)and the lead vocalist for the Three Lights. In general, Seiya acts arrogant and tends to be, at least on the surface, confident in their own abilities.

Seiya becomes the star player of their local high-schoolAmerican footballteam and the school's star athlete, upsettingHaruka Tenoh,who was the previous star athlete on the track and field team. Eventually, Seiya raises the suspicions of the Sailor Guardians as to their identity. In the anime, Taiki and Yaten consider them to be prone to bouts of childishness, such as when they show off their basketball skills before the school,^[36]but generally follow their lead.

Seiya develops strong feelings for Usagi, calling herodango,like Mamoru does, their attempts to forge a bond with her providing the primary romantic tension of the season. The two go on a date at anamusement park,which is interrupted whenSailor Iron Mouseattacks.^[37]Seiya makes their interest in her clear when they spend time together practicing softball, telling her, "I like your light."^[38]However, their feelings are not reciprocated and they acknowledge the one-sided romance.^[39]

The relationship between Sailor Star Fighter and Princess Kakyuu is slightly ambiguous. In the anime, when Seiya daydreams of their home planet, they think of an image of her, which is suddenly superimposed by an image of Usagi, much as Usagi had seen Seiya's image overlaid by Mamoru in previous episodes.^[40]In theimage poemreleased for theirCD single,however, they suggest that their feelings for her are because they are "carrying the heart of a boy" and because they were attracted to her light.

In the band, they have the role of lead vocals, guitar and lyrics, but were also playing the drums in their hideout because they believed Kakyuu had not heard them yet. According to Takeuchi, when she created them, they were meant to be a combination between Haruka and Mamoru, and were modeled afterJenny Shimizu.^[15]Her theme color issky blue.

In Japanese, they were voiced byShiho Niiyamain the original series in one of her final roles before her death and byMarina InoueinSailor Moon Cosmos.In English, they are voiced byMelissa Hutchisonin the Viz dub.^[41]In the musicals, Seiya has been portrayed bySayuri Katayama,Chinatsu Akiyama and Meiku Harukawa.

Sailor Star Maker

Kou Taiki(Đại khí quang,Taiki Kō),also known as Sailor Star Maker(セーラースターメイカー,Sērā Sutā Meikā),is the most intellectual and cool-headed of the trio. Their abilities rival that of Ami, though they consider her romantic notions foolish. However, in the anime, Ami's appeal for them to see the good in dreaming does begin to have an effect. In combat with a phage, Star Maker is the first of the Starlights to willingly allow Sailor Moon to heal the monster rather than trying to kill it themselves, because it had been a teacher who Ami respected.^[42]Later in the series, as they are beginning to lose hope in finding Princess Kakyuu, they visit a sick girl named Misa in the hospital. She shows them a drawing of the Princess that she sees when she listens to the Three Lights' song,^[43]giving them renewed hope.

Like Yaten, Taiki believes that Seiya should stay away from Usagi after learning she is Sailor Moon, despite their wish, shared by Princess Kakyuu and the Sailor Guardians, for them to work together. However, their views on Usagi change for the better near the end ofSailor Stars.

In the band, they have the role of background vocals, keyboards and composition. They also enjoypoetryand are part of the literature club at school. Taiki is meant to be a more-distantSetsuna Meioh.^[15]Her theme color isviolet.

In Japanese, Taiki is voiced byNarumi Tsunodain the original series and bySaori HayamiinCosmos.In English, they are voiced byErika Harlacherin the Viz dub.^[41]In the musicals, Taiki has been portrayed by Hikari Ono, Akiko Nakayama and Riona Tatemichi.

Sailor Star Healer

Kou Yaten(Đêm thiên quang,Yaten Kō),also known as Sailor Star Healer(セーラースターヒーラー,Sērā Sutā Hīrā),is a lonely person who does not like to socialize or interact with others, preferring to focus on their mission. Their remarks are often sharp-edged and blunt, which further separates them from others, which the other Starlights mock them for as it may reduce their fans.^[44]Yaten is egotistical and nurses grudges, and hates injury.^[15]However, they andLunaget along well.

Yaten has the most spiritual awareness of the three and is able to tell when Star Seeds are taken by Galaxia. They view humans as untrustworthy and want to find Kakyuu so they can leave Earth as soon as possible. After learning that Usagi is Sailor Moon, Yaten believes that Seiya should stay away from her, despite their wish, shared by Princess Kakyuu and the Sailor Guardians, for them to work together, a view shared by Taiki and Sailors Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. However, like Taiki, their views on Usagi change for the better near the end ofSailor Stars.In the anime, Yaten is shown to be physically stronger thanMakoto Kinoin their civilian form, and bonds with her as they share moments together.

In the band, they have the role of background vocals, bass guitar and song arrangement. They also enjoyphotography,but do not belong to any school club, preferring to just go home.^[15]Their theme color ischartreuse.

In Japanese, Yaten is voiced byChika Sakamotoin the original series and byAyane SakurainCosmos.In English, they are voiced bySarah Anne Williamsin the Viz dub.^[41]In the musicals, Yaten has been portrayed by Momoko Okuyama, Mikako Tabe and Saki Matsuda.

Other humans

Several supporting characters. From top to bottom: (left column)Asanuma,Kotono,Motoki,Reika;(middle)Shingo,Momoko,Kyusuke;(right)Ikuko,Kenji,Naru,Umino,Sorano

Ikuko Tsukino

Ikuko Tsukino(Nguyệt dã dục tử,Tsukino Ikuko)is Usagi's mother, who is often seen cooking and lecturing her for her grades in school. They are shown to be close, since she gives Usagi advice on relationships and eagerly accepts her relationship with Mamoru. She cares forChibiusawhen she is present, whom she believes to be her niece, but in reality is her future granddaughter. She also cares forChibi-Chibi,whom she believes to be her second daughter. Ikuko's name and design are modeled after Takeuchi's mother.^[45]

In thelive-action series,Ikuko is portrayed as an outgoing, quirky, and determined person. She changes her hairstyle almost every day, is constantly trying out newomeletterecipes, and loves to be in the spotlight. She is a high-school friend with Minako's manager, and it is said they were participants in their school's theater program.

In Japanese, Ikuko is voiced bySanae Takagiin the original series and inCrystalbyYūko Mizutaniuntil her death in 2016,^[46]a role later taken over byWakana YamazakiinCosmos.In English, she is voiced byBarbara Radeckiin the DIC and Cloverway English dubs and byTara Plattin theViz MediaEnglish dub.Kaori Moriwakaportrays Ikuko in the live-action series.

Kenji Tsukino

Kenji Tsukino(Nguyệt dã khiêm chi,Tsukino Kenji)is Usagi's father. He is a stereotypical well-meaning Japanesesalaryman,who works as a magazine reporter^[12]^{: Act 4}and later as aneditor-in-chief.^[47]Early on, he becomes jealous when he sees Usagi withMamoru Chiba,thinking he is too old for her.^[48]Like his wife, Kenji is unaware of Usagi's real identity. He senses a maturity in her when she is finally aware of her status as Princess Serenity, and notes that at times, her beauty seems serene.^[25]^{: Act 10}Kenji appears less frequently after the anime adaptation's second season.

He does not appear in the live-action series, which is explained by him being away on business trips. However, he appears briefly in the direct-to-DVD Special Act, crying at Usagi's wedding.

In Japanese, Kenji is voiced byYuji Machiin the original series and byMitsuaki MadonoinCrystal.In English, he is voiced by David Huband in the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation and byKeith Silversteinin the Viz Media English adaptation. In the Special Act of the live-action series, he is portrayed by series directorRyuta Tasaki.

Shingo Tsukino

Shingo Tsukino(Nguyệt dã tiến ngộ,Tsukino Shingo,called Samuel "Sammy" Tsukino in the original English dub)is Usagi's younger brother, making her the only Sailor Guardian with a knownsibling.His influence in her life is alternately helpful and mocking; he considers her well-meaning, but also an accident-prone crybaby. He generally does not get along with her very well and sometimes gets into arguments with her, but they care for and love each other. Though unaware of his sister's true identity, Shingo is impressed by theurban legendsof Sailor Moon and Sailor V, especially Sailor Moon because she rescued him fromDark Kingdomforces early in her career.^[49]Like his older sister, he enjoys video games, but unlike her, is a diligent student. Shingo's favorite book isShonen J*mp(a reference to the manga anthologyWeekly Shōnen Jump).^[15]In the anime, Shingo appears in several episodes of the first season, but appears less frequently afterwards.

In the live-action series, Shingo dislikes much of what his sister and mother do, and does not care much for life in general. In the video gameSailor Moon: Another Story,Shingo is kidnapped by the villains in an attempt to force Usagi to hand over the Silver Crystal.

In Japanese, Shingo was voiced byChiyoko Kawashimain the original series until her retirement in 2001, withSeira Ryūtaking over the role inCrystal.^[46]In English, he is voiced byJulie Lemieuxin the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation and by Nicolas Roye in the Viz Media English adaptation. In the live-action series, he is portrayed by Naoki Takeshi.

Naru Osaka

Naru Osaka(Osaka なる,Ōsaka Naru,called Molly Baker in the original English dub)is Usagi's best friend and schoolmate at the start of the series. She and her mother are the first victims of a monster attack, and she idolizes Sailor Moon for saving them. Throughout the series, she continues to be a frequent target of villains and monsters. In a "memorable subplot" of the anime adaptation,^[6]^{: 284–285}Naru falls in love withNephrite,who eventually returns her feelings and attempts to atone for his misdeeds. His death while protecting Naru devastates her throughout the first season, whichKotono Mitsuishiwas particularly touched by.^[50]In the anime, Naru later dates Gurio Umino.

Naru plays a more important role in the live-action series, learning most of the truth about the Sailor Guardians. She is also a more confident and outgoing person. For a short while, she and Ami share a conflicted relationship, as both seem to be jealous of the other's closeness with Usagi. However, they resolve their differences and become good friends.

Naru's younger sister, Naruru, is featured in a short side-story in theStarsmanga.^[51]^{: Chibiusa's Picture Diary #4}^[52]In the anime it is stated that she is an only child.^[53]Naruru at first appears with Haruka, Michiru and Usagi at the high school and is shown getting along with them.

In Japanese, Naru is voiced byShino Kakinumain the original series and bySatomi SatōinCrystal.^[46]In English, she is voiced by Mary Long in the DIC/Cloverway English version^[13]and by Danielle Judovits in theViz MediaEnglish version.Chieko Ochiportrays her in the live-action series, and Yuka Yamauchi portrays her in the musicalPretty Guardian Sailor Moon - Nogizaka46 Version.

Gurio Umino

Gurio Umino(Hải dã ぐりお,Umino Gurio,called Melvin in the original English dub)is a student in Usagi's class at school, who at the beginning of the series has aninfatuationwith her. His defining characteristic is hisglasses,which are drawn with swirls denoting their thickness. Umino is commonly portrayed as a "nerdy", "weird" and "know-it-all"otaku,regularly keeping Usagi informed on current events, new students, gossip and other information she might appreciate. Despite his ordinarily nerdy appearance, Umino is implied to be "relatively handsome" with his glasses off, which was later confirmed by Takeuchi.^[54]In the first anime, he develops a relationship with Naru, but their importance gradually decreases after the first season.

Thekanjiin Umino's surname mean either "ocean field" or "of ocean"; as such, it is constructed in the same way as Usagi's and those of other Sailor Guardians.

In Japanese, he is voiced byKeiichi NanbainSailor MoonandDaiki YamashitainCrystal.^[46]In English, he is voiced by Roland Parliament in the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation and byBenjamin Diskinin the Viz Media English adaptation. In the musicalPretty Guardian Sailor Moon - Nogizaka46 Version,he is portrayed by Marina Tanoue.

Haruna Sakurada

Haruna Sakurada(Anh điền xuân đồ ăn,Sakurada Haruna,called Patricia Haruna in the original English dub)is ajunior high schoolteacher who often lectures Usagi for her laziness. Haruna intends to find a husband, which makes her an easy target for theDark Kingdomduring the first arc, and she often engages in seemingly childish things in this regard. She appears less frequently as the series progresses, and is never seen after Usagi and her friends start high school in the final season. In the live-action series, Haruna assignspop quizzesand clean-up duty when needed. She is eccentric and friendly and motherly towards her students, even Usagi.

Thekanjiin her name mean "cherry blossom"(sakura), "rice field" (da), "spring" (haru) and "vegetables" (na). The "spring" part of her name becomes a pun in the context of other works by Takeuchi: Haruna appears in her earlier series,The Cherry Project,which features her sister Fuyuna in one of its side stories. Two other characters with similar names appear in Takeuchi works: Natsuna inCodename: Sailor Vand Akina inPQ Angels,and also have the surname Sakurada. The Japanese wordsfuyu,natsuandakimean "winter", "summer" and "autumn", respectively.

In Japanese, Haruna was originally voiced byChiyoko KawashimainSailor Moonuntil her retirement in 2001, withAkemi Kandavoicing her fromCrystalonwards.^[46]In English, she is voiced by Nadine Rabinovitch in the DIC English adaptation and byJulie Ann Taylorin the Viz Media English adaptation. She is portrayed by Tomoko Otakara in the live-action series and by Kasumi Hyuga and Kiho Seishi in themusicals.

Motoki Furuhata

Motoki Furuhata(Cổ cờ nguyên cơ,Furuhata Motoki,called Andrew Hansford in the original English dub^[55])works at the Crown Game Center, avideo arcadeUsagi frequently visits, and at the Crown Fruit Parlor, and is also a KO University student along with Mamoru Chiba. After he recognizes the Sailor Guardians and learns their true identities, he vows to keep their identities secret. In the anime adaptation, Usagi calls him "Big Brother" Motoki(Nguyên cơ お huynh さん,Motoki-oniisan)and has a crush on him in the beginning of the series. Motoki and Mamoru also attend the Azabu Institute of Technology.^[25]^{: Act 11}He is naive, as he says that he views the girls as younger sisters and is oblivious to the fact that they have crushes on him. He has a little sister, Unazuki Furuhata, who is friends with Usagi and the others. His girlfriend is Reika Nishimura, a science student, and they both knew Setsuna when she studied at their university.^[56]In the continuity ofSailor Moon Crystal,Motoki's background is the same, but he does not know Mamoru, who is still a high school student.

In the live-action series, the Crown Center is akaraokeparlor. There is an initial flirtatious relationship between Motoki and Makoto until it intensifies, and in the Special Act, which takes place four years after the series finale, Motoki proposes to Makoto, who accepts.

In Japanese, Motoki is voiced byHiroyuki SatōinSailor Moonand byHiroshi OkamotoinCrystal.^[46]In English, he is voiced byColin O'Mearain the DIC English adaptation, bySteven Bednarskiin the Cloverway dub, and byLucien Dodgein the Viz Media English adaptation. He is portrayed byMasaya Kikawadain the live-action series.

Reika Nishimura

Reika Nishimura(Tây thôn レイカ,Nishimura Reika,called Rita Blake in the original English dub)is Motoki Furuhata's girlfriend and fellow student at KO University, where she later befriendsSetsuna Meioh.In the anime, she is thereincarnationof the GreatMonsterRikokeidā. After leaving Japan twice to study abroad, she eventually leaves the country for 10 years, but Motoki is still willing to wait for her.^[57]In Japanese, she is voiced byRika Fukamiin the original series and byMai NakaharainCrystal.In English, she is voiced by Wendy Lyon and Lindsay Collins in the DIC English adaptation, by Sara Sahr in the Cloverway dub, and byErica Mendezin the Viz Media English adaptation.

Rei's Grandfather

Rei's grandfather(レイのおじいさん,Rei no ojiisan)is aShinto priestand Rei Hino's grandfather, who lives at the Hikawa Shrine. In the anime, he has a different physical appearance and has a more prominent role as one of the holders of the Rainbow Crystals that make up the Silver Crystal. He often flirts with anyone, regardless of their gender.^[58]In Japanese, he is voiced byTomomichi Nishimurain the first anime adaptation and byHirohiko KakegawainSailor Moon Eternal.In English, he is voiced by David Fraser in the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, byJohn Stockeras astand-ininSailor Moon Sepisode 99, byMichael Sorichin the Viz Media English adaptation, and byTodd HaberkorninSailor Moon Eternal.

Yuichiro Kumada

Yuichiro Kumada(Hùng điền hùng một lang,Kumada Yūichirō,called Chad Holdenford in the original English dub)is an anime-only character who helps out at the Hikawa Shrine. His family is very rich and has a mountain lodge, where he takes Rei and her friends for skiing. After falling in love with Rei, Yūichirō decides to stay at Hikawa Shrine to be near her. Despite her not reciprocating his love, he remains faithful to her and tries to protect her, with her warming up to his personality over time. In Japanese, he is voiced byBin Shimadain the first anime series. In English, he is voiced bySteven Bednarskiin the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, byDavid BerniinSailor Moon S,by Jason Barr inSailor Moon SuperS) and byWally Wingertin the Viz Media English adaption.

Unazuki Furuhata

Unazuki Furuhata(Cổ cờ vũ nại nguyệt,Furuhata Unazuki,called Elizabeth "Lizzie" Hansford in the original English dub)is Motoki Furuhata's younger sister, who works as a waitress at the Crown Fruit Parlor and attends T•A Private Girls School with Rei Hino. She first appears sporadically, with her initial appearance being inSailor Moon Ras a mistaken love rival for Mamoru Chiba. She dreams of her first kiss inSailor Moon S,which results in her being targeted by the Death Busters. Unazuki appears more frequently inSuperSas a major supporting character who is usually among Usagi's group. In Japanese, she is voiced byMiyako Endōin the first series, withEriko Haraas a stand-in on episode 94. In English, she is voiced bySabrina Grdevichin the DIC English adaptation, bySabrina Grdevichin the Cloverway dub, byCatherine DisherinSailor Moon S,by Kim Bubbs inSuperS,and byVeronica Taylorin the Viz Media English adaptation.

Kotono Sarashina

Kotono Sarashina(Càng khoa cầm nãi,Sarashina Kotono)is Kyusuke Sarashina's elder sister and a student at T•A Academy for Girls, where she is the president of its Supernatural Research Club. Like many students at T•A, she seems to have an admiration for Rei Hino. She first appeared in Act 15, when the disguisedKōancreated a rival club with a fortune-telling booth at the school festival. She made a Sailor V button for her brother, which Kyusuke refused to get for Chibiusa despite her liking it. However, after they help defeat the vampire Lilica Hubert, he has Kotono make a Sailor Moon button for her as well. She is voiced byAkemi KandainSailor Moon Crystaland byTara Sandsin the Viz Media English dub.

Ittou Asanuma

Ittou Asanuma(Thiển chiểu nhất đẳng,Asanuma Ittō)is introduced in theBlack Moonarc of the manga as Makoto's friend, who is interested in science fiction,UFOsand local paranormal activity. He greatly respects Mamoru, who is an upperclassman at his school. Asanuma initially thinks that the Sailor Guardians are aliens, but after he hears Luna talk, Makoto confesses the Guardians' identities to him.^[59]Asanuma is later attacked by Ayakashi sisterCalaverasand rescued by Sailor Moon. At the beginning of theInfinityarc, he appears with Mamoru and Chibiusa in an amusement park,^[60]and in theStarsarc he gives Mamoru's phone number to Usagi when she is unable to locate him.^[29]^{: Act 52}Asanuma is briefly seen in the anime, looking for Mamoru when the latter is controlled byQueen Nehelenia.^{[note 2]}In Japanese, he is voiced byKazuya Nakaiin the original series and byDaisuke SakaguchiinCrystal.In the Viz Media English dub, he is voiced by Greg Felden, except forCosmoswhere he is voiced byMatthew Mercer.

Momoko Momohara

Momoko Momohara(Đào nguyên quả đào,Momohara Momoko)is an elementary-school student who befriends Chibiusa. In the anime, she is badly injured in a fight withChiral and Achiral,two Black Moon members, causing Chibiusa to go into a fit and unleash her latent powers at them. Later, Momoko becomes the first target of the Amazoness Quartet, but is saved by Sailor Chibi Moon and Sailor Moon. In Japanese, she is voiced byTaeko Kawata.In English, she is named Melissa and is voiced by Kathleen Laskey in the DIC English adaptation. In the Cloverway English adaptation, her named is changed to Melanie and she is voiced by Mary Long in episodes 135 and 143 and Tanya Donato from episodes 150 to 157, she is later voiced by Debi Derryberry in the Viz Media English adaptation.

Kyusuke Sarashina

Kyusuke Sarashina(Càng khoa chín trợ,Sarashina Kyūsuke)is an athletic and sarcastic boy who attends elementary school with Chibiusa and Momoko and is the younger brother of Kotono, who goes to school with Rei. He makes recurring appearances inSailor Moon SuperS,and is targeted by Amazoness JunJun in episode 155. He later appears when Chibiusa befriends a boy named Hiroki, who is trying to build a flying machine.^[61]While Kyūsuke is initially resentful of Hiroki and how impressed Chibiusa is with Hiroki's dream, Kyūsuke encourages Hiroki to continue building the flying machine after multiple failed attempts. In Japanese, he is voiced by Kazumi Okushima inSailor Moon R,by Daisuke Sakaguchi inSailor Moon SuperSand by Yukiko Morishita inSailor Moon Crystal.In English, he is voiced by Nicola St. John in the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, where his name is changed to Kelly, and byKyle Hebertand Cristina Vee as a child in the Viz English dub.

Other nonhumans

Queen Serenity

Queen Serenity(クィーン・セレニティ,Kuīn Sereniti)is the incarnation of themoon goddess,Selene,^[62]with ancient Earth civilizations having known her as Selene.^[25]^{: Act 10}She was the mother of Sailor Moon in her past life as Princess Serenity and theQueen regnantof the Moon, who reigned during the first Silver Millennium era. When the Dark Kingdom attacked the Moon Kingdom, she sacrificed herself to use the Silver Crystal to seal Queen Metaria and have her daughter, Endymion, and the Sailor Guardians reborn on Earth. Queen Serenity first appears as a hologram, having saved her spirit within a computer to preserve her will.^[25]^{: Act 10}She tells the five Sailor Guardians of their past lives, which they begin to remember as she describes them, and that they must find Queen Metaria, who escaped the thousand-year-old seal placed on her and gone into hiding on Earth. Afterwards, she only appears in flashbacks or as cameos.

In the thirteen-episode separate arc ofSailor Moon Rpreceding theBlack Moonsaga, a vision of Queen Serenity gives Usagi her second transformation brooch, the Crystal Star, as well as the mystical Cutie Moon Rod as her new weapon. She also appears in theforty-episode live-action series's special episode, "We're Getting Married!", which also adaptedthe Dark Kingdomsaga.

In Japanese, she is voiced byMika Doiin the first anime series and byMami KoyamainSailor Moon Crystal.In English, she is voiced byBarbara Radeckiin the premiere of the Cloverway English adaptation and later by Wendy Lyon, and byWendee Leein the Viz Media English adaptation. In the live-action series, she is portrayed byMiyu Sawai,with her voice dubbed over byYōko Sōmi.

Phobos and Deimos

Phobos(フォボス,Fobosu)and Deimos(ディモス,Dimosu)are Rei's pet crows that live at the shrine, which she named after thetwo moonsofMars.They have the ability to sense evil, and sometimes attack enemies.^[63]It is revealed that when Rei was a child, they "told" her their names. Eventually, they reveal themselves as the Power Guardians—small humanoidspritescharged with guarding Sailor Mars. They save Sailor Mars from being killed by theTiger's Eyeand give a Sailor Crystal to her. They are later revealed to be from the planet Coronis when they encounterSailor Lead Crow,who is also from Coronis. They have Star Seeds on a level near or equal to a Sailor Crystal, and die after Lead Crow steals them.

In Japanese, they are voiced byKanami TaguchiandAya Yamane,respectively, inSailor Moon Eternal.In the Viz English dub ofSailor Moon Eternal,Phobos is voiced byXanthe Huynhand Deimos is voiced byKelly Baskin.

In the live-action series, they appear only in the third episode. In theAnother Storyvideo game, they accompany her in the search for Jadeite's stone. A fake Deimos and Phobos appear in crow form in the musicalSailor Moon S – Usagi – Ai no Senshi e no Michi,where they are portrayed by male actors in animal costumes.^[64]

Helios/Pegasus

Helios(Tư tế エリオス,Saiji Eriosu)is the Guardian Priest of Elysion, a sacred land within Earth that protects it and was the original location of the Golden Kingdom before it rose to the surface. When theDead Moon Circusconquered Elysion, Helios was captured and Queen Nelehenia transformed him into thealicornPegasus(Một góc thiên mã(ペガサス),Pegasasu).^[15]Helios remembered a vision of a maiden who would save Elysion and astral projected his Pegasus form to the surface, where he assumed Chibiusa to be this maiden while providing her and Usagi with information and weapons. He becomes close to Chibiusa despite her insistence that Usagi is the maiden he seeks, eventually revealing his true form and that Endymion's condition is connected to the curse Nehelenia inflicted on Elysion. After sacrificing himself to give the Sailor Guardians a fighting chance against Zirconia, Chibiusa revives him and he returns them to the surface before promising her they will meet again.^[65]^{: Act 49}

InSailor Moon SuperS,Helios guards the Golden Crystal, which protects the dreams of Earth's people, and draws power and strength from these dreams. After Nehelenia attacks him seeking the Crystal for herself, Helios leaves his body to flee with the Crystal. Taking on the form of the mythicalPegasus,he places the Crystal on his forehead as a horn and hides in Chibiusa's dreams. There, he asks for her help and grants power to her and her allies through special items. Though he does not trust Chibiusa at first, they gradually develop a connection, and he ultimately reveals his secrets to her by revealing his world of Elysion and his true form and name.

In Japanese, he is voiced byTaiki MatsunoinSailor Moonand byYoshitsugu MatsuokainSailor Moon Eternal.^[66]In English, he is voiced by Rowan Tichenor in the Cloverway English adaptation, byChris Niosiin the Viz Media English adaptation, and byBrian BeacockinSailor Moon Eternal.In the musicals, Pegasus is voiced by Yuta Enomoto.^[67]

Takeuchi stated that she was dissatisfied with Helios' attire, having created his outfit quickly because it was easy to draw and she was pressed for time. She describes the result as "ugly" and "a disaster", commenting that he inherited his "irresponsible ways" from herself.^[68]^{[page needed]}

Maenads

Helios is assisted by the Maenads(メナード,Menado),two priestesses who guard a shrine in Elysion and escaped the Dead Moon Circus's curse by falling asleep. The Maenads eventually awaken and guide Chibiusa to Helios, and later appear along with the main characters after Nehelenia's defeat.

InSailor Moon EternalPt. 1 and 2, they are voiced byRuriko NoguchiandYuuki Hirosein the original Japanese version and byWendee Leein the English dub.

Princess Kakyuu

Princess Kakyuu(Hỏa cầuHoàng nữ(プリンセス),Kakyū Purinsesu)is the princess of Kinmoku, aplanet outside of the Solar Systemthat is the home of the Sailor Starlights, who are her protectors.^[29]^{: Act 52}It is named forkinmokusei,the Japanese name for theOsmanthus fragrans.After Sailor Galaxia attacks and destroys Kinmoku, Kakyuu is injured and the Starlights lose contact with her. She travels to Earth after sensing the birth of the Silver Crystal and hides in acenserguarded by Chibi-Chibi. She has her own Guardian form, Sailor Kakyuu, and later reveals to Sailor Moon that her lover died in the war against Galaxia.^[51]^{: Act 54}She eventually reunites with the Starlights and accompanies Sailor Moon to Zero Star Sagittarius to confront Galaxia, butSailor Chimortally wounds her and she dies in Sailor Moon's arms. As she is dying, she expresses her wish to be reborn in a world without war and to be with everyone again.^[5]^{: Act 57}

In the anime, Kakyuu goes to Earth to locate the "Light of Hope" and hide from Galaxia.^[39]While under Chibi-Chibi's care, she is aware of the Starlights searching for her, but cannot reveal herself too soon.^[39]She eventually saves Sailor Moon and the others from a black hole and resumes leadership of the Starlights. However, after Kakyuu is found, Galaxia steals her Star Seed, killing her. After Sailor Moon defeats Chaos, she is revived and, along with the Starlights, returns to Kinmoku to rebuild.^[69]Her Sailor Guardian form is never shown in this adaptation.

In Japanese, she is voiced bySakiko Tamagawain the original series and byNana MizukiinCosmos.In English, she is voiced by Allegra Clark. In the musical version, she is portrayed by Sakoto Yoshioka, Ai Toyama and Asami Okamura.

Chibi-Chibi

Chibi-Chibi(ちびちび)first appears in Act 51 of the manga and episode 182 of the anime. She is a young child and imitates the ends of others' sentences, mostly saying "chibi". She has red-pink hair worn in a hairstyle similar to Usagi's, being worn in heart-shapedodangowithringletsat the sides,. Her name is a doubling of theJapaneseword chibi, meaning "small person" or "small child", and is also because of her similarity toChibiusa.It is also a pun, as the wordChibi-Chibimeans "making something last".^[70]

Chibi-Chibi is first shown floating down to Earth and appearing at the Tsukino house.^[29]^{: Act 44}In the anime, she first meets Usagi in the park and starts to follow her around, saying only "chibi chibi" without having been prompted.^[71]Chibi-Chibi attaches herself to Usagi's family, whose memories aremodifiedso that they believe her to be the youngest child of the family, like how Chibiusa had made them believe she was her cousin.^{[note 3]}Chibi-Chibi is the caretaker of a small ornatecenserin which Princess Kakyuu is resting, hidden from Sailor Galaxia.^[29]^{: Act 51}^[72]Eventually, she uses her own power to transform into the Sailor Guardian Sailor Chibi-Chibi.^[51]^{: Act 54}In her Sailor Guardian form, she wields a heart scepter and uses it to defend herself and Sailor Moon, but is not shown using attacks of her own.^[51]^{: Act 56}Her childlike form is a disguise for Sailor Cosmos, a powerful Sailor Guardian who is the future version of Sailor Moon.^[5]^{: Act 59}

In the anime, Chibi-Chibi is Galaxia's Star Seed, who had once been a great force for good.^[73]When Galaxia foughtChaos,she defeated it by sealing it inside her own body. To prevent her Star Seed from being corrupted, she sent it away to Earth, where it became Chibi-Chibi.^[73]The Starlights refer to Chibi-Chibi as the "light of hope"(Hy vọng の quang,kibō no hikari),as she is their final hope to defeat Galaxia. Ultimately, Chibi-Chibi transforms into the Sword of Sealing(Phong ấn の kiếm,Fuuin no Ken),which Galaxia had used to seal away Chaos, and asks Sailor Moon to use it to defeat them. During the battle, Galaxia shatters the sword, killing Chibi-Chibi. However, she is revived along with the other fallen Sailor Guardians after Sailor Moon cleanses Galaxia of Chaos.^[69]

Chibi-Chibi is voiced byKotono Mitsuishiin Japanese and by Stephanie Sheh in English.^[74]In thestage musicals,she has been portrayed by Mao Kawasaki, Mikiko Asuke, Yuka Gouchou and Mina Horita. Takeuchi praised Kawasaki's cuteness as Chibi-Chibi.^[75]In the stage musicals, her backstory follows that of the anime and she is given her own song, "Mou ii no" (English:It's All Right), which she sings to announce that she has come to rejoin Galaxia.

Sailor Cosmos

Sailor Cosmos(セーラーコスモス,Sērā Kosumosu)is the ultimate future form of Sailor Moon.^[76]She comes from a future which has been destroyed by the battle withSailor Chaos;after ages of fighting, she despairs and flees to the past as Chibi-Chibi to encourage Sailor Moon to defeat Chaos. At first, she wants Sailor Moon to destroy the Galaxy Cauldron altogether, ensuring Chaos' destruction, but she protests after realizing that if the Cauldron is destroyed, no more stars will be born, leaving the Galaxy without a future. Sailor Moon chooses to sacrifice herself to the Cauldron and seal Chaos away, which Cosmos realizes to have been the right decision. Reminded of the strength and courage she needs to have, Sailor Cosmos returns to the future with new hope.^[5]^{: Act 60}After the end of the anime adaptation, Takeuchi commented that she wished Sailor Cosmos had been used inSailor Moon Sailor Stars.^[77]InSailor Moon Cosmos,she is voiced byKeiko Kitagawa.^[78]In the musicals, Sailor Cosmos is portrayed by Satomi Okubo, who had also portrayed Usagi from 2013 to 2015.

Merchandise

Differences in character between the Sailor Guardians mirror differences in their hairstyles, fashion and magical items, which has translated well intodolllines.^[79]Sales of the Sailor Guardiansfashion dollsovertook those ofLicca-chanin the 1990s.Mattelattributed this to the "fashion-action" blend of theSailor Moonstoryline; doll accessories included both fashion items and the Guardian's weapons.^[13]The first line of dolls includedQueen Beryl,the first major antagonist of the series, a decision that was described as a "radical idea".^[80]Bandaiintroduced a line of little dolls that included theAmazoness Quartetand, according to Takeuchi, these were their favorite because "with their costumes and faithfulness to the originals, the dolls really excelled."^[68]^: 41Bandai has released several S.H. Figuarts based on the characters' appearances from the first anime adaptation. Among those figures are the Sailor Guardians, Tuxedo Mask andBlack Lady.^[81]In early 2014, Megahouse released a set of trading figures consisting of twelve figurines, two for each Sailor Guardian and two for Tuxedo Mask.^[82]

Several characters, including Sailor Guardians, villains, supporting characters, andmonsters of the dayare featured in acollectible card gamewhich was released in 2000 byDart Flipcards.^[83]A collaboration betweenSailor MoonandCapcomtook place in March 2018 as part of the 25th anniversary celebration of theSailor Moonfranchise. In this collaboration, the Felyne cat companion resembles Luna and wields Usagi's Cutie Moon Rod weapon in theMonster Hunter XXexpansion ofMonster Hunter Generations.^[84]

Reception

The Sailor Guardian uniform is a popular choice for male-to-femalecrossplayers,creating "humorous effect and social levity" at conventions.^[85]Here, a group of males dressed as Sailor Moon and the Sailor Guardians strike a pose from theGinyu ForceofDragon Ball.

Sailor Moonhas been described largely in terms of its characters; a sustained 18-volume narrative about a group of young heroines who are simultaneously heroic and introspective, active and emotional, dutiful and ambitious.^[11]^[86]The combination proved extremely successful, andSailor Moonbecame internationally popular in both manga and anime formats.^[13]^[87]

The function of the Sailor Guardians themselves has been analyzed by critics, often in terms offeminist theory.^[88]Susan J. Napierdescribed the Sailor Guardians as "powerful, yet childlike", and suggested that this is becauseSailor Moonis aimed towards an audience of young girls. She stated that the Sailor Guardians readily accept their powers and destinies and do not agonize over them, which can be read as an expression of female power and success.^[79]The Sailor Guardians have been described as merging male and female traits, being both charming and powerful. They are significantly different from the sexless representation of 1980s teen heroines such asNausicaä.^[89]Anne Allisonnoted that the use of thesailorfukuas a costume makes it easy for girls to identify with the Sailor Guardians, which could differ for men.^[86]Unlike the femalePower Rangers,who as the series go on become moreunisexin both costume and poses, the Sailor Guardians' costumes become frillier and more "feminine".^[90]

The Sailor Guardians are associated with thefeministmovement and employ feminist concepts.^[91]Mary Grigsby considered that the Sailor Guardians blend ancient characteristics and symbols of femininity with modern ideas, reminding the audience of a pre-modern time when females were equal to males,^[11]but other critics drew parallels with the modern character type of the aggressive cyborg woman, pointing out that the Sailor Guardians are augmented by their magical equipment.^[79]^[92]^[93]Much of the Sailor Guardians' strength stems from their reliance and friendship with other girls rather than from men.^[94]

Kazuko Minomiya has described the daily lives of the girls within the series asrisoukyou,or "utopic". They are shown as enjoying many leisure activities such as shopping, visiting amusement parks and hanging out at the Crown Arcade. According to Allison, Minomiya points out that the depiction of life is harder and more serious for male superheroes.^[86]The characters "double" as ordinary girls and as "celestially-empowered superheroes".^[13]The "highly stylized"^[13]transformation that the Sailor Guardians go through has been said to "symbolically separate" the negative aspects of the characters (laziness, for example) and the positive aspects of the superheroine,^[92]and gives each girl her unique uniform and "a set of individual powers".^[13]Some commentators have read the transformation of the Sailor Guardians as symbolic ofpuberty,as cosmetics appear on the Guardians and their uniforms highlight slim waists and long legs,^[11]^[95]which "outright force the pun on heavenly bodies".^[96]

Jason Thompson found theSailor Moonanime reinvigorated themagical girlgenre by adding dynamic heroines and action-oriented plots. Following its success, similar series, suchMagic Knight Rayearth,Akazukin Chacha,Wedding Peach,Nurse Angel Ririka SOS,Revolutionary Girl Utena,Fushigi YuugiandPretty Cure,emerged.^[7]^: 199

Notes

^Luna and Artemis return and give birth to Diana in the future.
^His name is seen in the credits of episode 169.
^The only difference is that Chibiusa made them think she was Usagi's cousin instead of her younger sister.

References

^^a ^bMcCarter, Charles."Public Interview with Takeuchi Naoko".EX: CLUSIVE.ex.org. Archived fromthe original(Q & A Interview)on 2009-02-21.Retrieved2006-11-30.
^Bui Hoang, Hai."Meaning of senshi in Japanese".RomajiDesu Japanese dictionary.Retrieved29 June2019.
^Naoko, Takeuchi (2003).Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: Volume 2(Shinsōban ed.). Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 406334777X.
^"Sailor Moon Original Picture Collection Vol. 5".Retrieved23 December2019.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eTakeuchi, Naoko (1997).Prety Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 18.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061788582.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hDrazen, Patrick (October 2002).Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! Of Japanese Animation.Berkeley, California:Stone Bridge Press.ISBN 1880656728.OCLC 50898281.
^^a ^bThompson, Jason (2007).Manga: The Complete Guide.New York:Del Rey Books.ISBN 9780345485908.
^Kunihiko Ikuhara(Director) (December 5, 1993).Kịch trường bản mỹ thiếu nữ chiến sĩ セーラームーンＲ[Sailor Moon R: The Movie] (Motion picture). Japan:Toei Company.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1993). "Act 14".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 4.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787535.
^"Huge Shock for Usagi! Mamoru Declares a Break Up".Sailor Moon.Series 2. Episode 61 (in Japanese). July 3, 1993. TV Asahi.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGrigsby, Mary (1998)."Sailormoon: Manga (Comics) and Anime (Cartoon) Superheroine Meets Barbie: Global Entertainment Commodity Comes to the United States"(PDF).The Journal of Popular Culture.Vol. 32, no. 32. pp. 59–80.doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1998.3201_59.x.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 17 June 2012.Retrieved20 October2011.
^^a ^bTakeuchi, Naoko (1992).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 1.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787217.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gAllison, Anne (2000). "A Challenge to Hollywood? Japanese Character Goods Hit the US".Japanese Studies.20(1). Routledge: 67–88.doi:10.1080/10371390050009075.S2CID 145517443.
^^a ^b ^cTakeuchi, Naoko (1995).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 12.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061788140.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gTakeuchi, Naoko (1999).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Materials Collection.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4063245217.
^^a ^b ^cTakeuchi, Naoko (1995).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 13.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061788205.
^^a ^bTakeuchi, Naoko (2011).Codename: Sailor V(English ed.). New York: Kodansha.ISBN 978-1935429777.
^^a ^b ^cTakeuchi, Naoko (1992).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 2.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787314.
^"Crazy for Celebrities! Mimet, in Doubt".Sailor Moon.Series 3. Episode 114. Tokyo. November 19, 1994. Toei. Asahi.
^Mays, Jonathon (April 6, 2004)."Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon - Review".Anime News Network.Retrieved2009-07-20.
^^a ^b ^cHarume Kosaka (director); Genki Yoshimura (writer) (March 23, 1996). "Saturn Awakens: The Ten Sailor Guardians Unite".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 168. Toei.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1995). "Back of volume".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 10.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 406178806X.
^"The Bond of Destiny! The Distant Days of Uranus".Sailor Moon.Series 3. Episode 106. Tokyo. September 3, 1994. Toei. Asahi.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1994).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 7.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787810.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eTakeuchi, Naoko (1993).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 3.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787445.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1993).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 5.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787643.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1995).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 9.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787971.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1995).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 10.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061788060.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fNaoko, Takeuchi (1996).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 16.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061788418.
^Lent, John A. (1998).Assorted Themes and Issues in Asian Cartooning: Cute, Cheap, Mad, and Sexy.Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press. p. 195.ISBN 9780879727796.Retrieved28 January2017.
^Hiromichi Matano (director); Shigeru Yanagikawa (writer) (December 19, 1992). "Let's Become a Princess: Usagi's Bizarre Training".Sailor Moon.Season 1. Episode 37. Toei.
^Kịch trường bản “Mỹ thiếu nữ chiến sĩ セーラームーンEternal” 《 trước biên 》 dư cáo ánh giống 60 giây ／/Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal The Movie Trailer.2020-10-15.Retrieved2020-10-15– via Youtube.
^Sullivan, Meghan (June 21, 2015)."Sailor Moon Crystal:" Attack, Black Lady "Review - IGN".IGN.RetrievedSeptember 23,2019.
^Vallen, Mark."Naoko Takeuchi: The creator of BISHOUJO SENSHI SAILORMOON speaks at the 1998 San Diego International Comics Convention".The Black Moon.RetrievedNovember 19,2019.
^Pellitteri, Marco; Yui, Kiyomitsu; Bouissou, Jean-Marie; Di Fratta, Gianluca; Martorella, Cristiano; Suvilay, Bounthavy (2010).The Dragon and the Dazzle: Models, Strategies, and Identities of Japanese Imagination: a European Perspective.Latina, Italy: Tunué. p. 424.ISBN 9788889613894.
^Doi, Hitoshi."Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 174".Archived fromthe originalon 17 September 2006.Retrieved28 October2006.
^Junichi Sato (director); Kazuhiko Kanbe (writer) (July 20, 1996). "Seiya and Usagi's Heart-Pounding Date".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 181. Toei.
^Takuya Igarashi (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer) (September 14, 1996). "The Shining Power of a Star: Chibi-Chibi's Transformation".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 187. Toei.
^^a ^b ^cNoriyo Sasaki (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer) (December 7, 1996). "Crusade for the Galaxy: Legend of the Sailor Wars".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 194. Toei.
^Masahiro Hosoda (director); Kazuhiko Kanbe (writer) (December 14, 1996). "Princess Kakyuu Perishes: Advent of Galaxia".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 195. Toei.
^^a ^b ^cPineda, Rafael Antonio (14 May 2019)."Viz Unveils Sailor Moon Stars Dub Cast".Anime News Network.Retrieved14 May2019.
^Doi, Hitoshi."Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 177".Archived fromthe originalon 14 September 2006.Retrieved28 October2006.
^Doi, Hitoshi."Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 185".Archived fromthe originalon 13 September 2006.Retrieved28 October2006.
^Doi, Hitoshi."Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 178".Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2006.Retrieved28 October2006.
^Collins, Elle (March 15, 2016)."All Hail the Moon Princess: Celebrating Naoko Takeuchi".RetrievedFebruary 2,2017.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fLoo, Egan (June 30, 2014)."Sailor Moon Crystal Cast Adds Misa Watanabe, Daisuke Kishio, Kousuke Toriumi, More".Anime News Network.RetrievedApril 23,2018.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1995). "Act 29".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 9.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787977.
^Kōnosuke Uda (director); Sukehiro Tomita (writer) (July 3, 1993). "Usagi Devastated: Mamoru Declares a Break-Up".Sailor Moon.Season 2. Episode 61. Toei.
^Yūji Endō (director); Shigeru Yanagikawa (writer) (November 4, 1992). "Scent of a Monster: Chanela Will Steal Your Love".Sailor Moon.Season 1. Episode 5. Toei.
^"Sailor Moon Omake Making Of".Sailor Moon.Season 2. Tokyo. May 8, 1993. Toei.
^^a ^b ^c ^dTakeuchi, Naoko (1996).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 17.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061788497.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (2004). "Chibiusa's Picture Diary #4 - The Secret Hammer Price Hall".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Shinsōban Short Stories Volume 1(Shinsōban ed.). Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784063349108.
^"A New Enemy Appears: Nephrite's Evil Crest".Sailor Moon.Series 1. Episode 14. Tokyo. June 13, 1992. Toei. Asahi.:Naru tells Usagi that even though she treats her childhood friend Rui Saionji like a sister, she is in fact an only child.
^"Sailor Moon (Reposteado de Facebook)".RetrievedJanuary 17,2020.
^Levy, Stuart J. (1999).A Scout is Born(1st ed.). Los Angeles, California: Mixx Entertainment, Inc.ISBN 1892213117.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1994). "Act 30".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 8.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787902.
^Noriyo Sasaki (director); Megumi Sugihara (writer) (March 11, 1995). "Super Transformation Once Again: Pegasus's Power".Sailor Moon SuperS.Season 4. Episode 129. Toei.
^"The Cursed Bus: Enter Mars, the Guardian of Fire".Sailor Moon.Series 1. Episode 10 (in Japanese). May 16, 1992. TV Asahi.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1993). "Act 17".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 4.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787537.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1994). "Act 27".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 7.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787810.
^Harume Kosaka (director); Ryota Yamaguchi (writer) (December 16, 1995). "Pegasus Disappears: Wavering Friendship".Sailor Moon SuperS.Season 4. Episode 157. Toei.
^Episode 44.
^Kazuhisa Takenouchi (director); Sukehiro Tomita (writer) (October 31, 1992). "Grandpa Loses Control: Rei in Danger".Sailor Moon.Season 1. Episode 30. Toei.
^Sailor Moon Smusical.
^Naoko, Takeuchi(1996).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 15.Tokyo:Kodansha.ISBN 4061788353.
^Mateo, Alex (23 April 2020)."Sailor Moon Eternal Film Reveals Cast, Teaser Video, Visual".Anime News Network.Retrieved7 May2020.
^1996 Sailor Moon MusicalSailor Moon Super S (Kaiteiban) Yume Senshi - Ai - Eien ni... Saturn Fukkatsu Hen!
^^a ^bTakeuchi, Naoko (September 1996).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume IV Original Picture Collection.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4063245195.
^^a ^bTakuya Igarashi (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer) (February 8, 1997). "Usagi's Love: The Moonlight Illuminates the Galaxy".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 200. Toei.
^""Chibi-Chibi" translates to "making something last"".Jeffrey's Japanese - English Dictionary Server.Retrieved2007-05-18.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Noriyo Sasaki (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer) (August 3, 1996). "Invaders from Outer Space: The Coming of Siren".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 182. Toei.
^Takuya Igarashi (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer) (November 30, 1996). "The Stolen Silver Crystal: Princess Kakyuu Appears".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 193. Toei.
^^a ^bMasahiro Hosoda (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer) (February 1, 1997). "The Light of Hope: the Final Battle for the Galaxy".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 199. Toei.
^"VIZ on Twitter: Magical moonlight announcement! Meet the English cast of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars!".Twitter.13 May 2019.Retrieved30 June2019.
^Takeuchi, Naoko (1997).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume V Original Picture Collection.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4063245225.
^"Naoko Takeuchi at the San Diego Comic Con!".Smilemagazine.December 1998.Retrieved2007-07-31.In the very last manga, the last book, she [Chibi-Chibi] is the future Sailor Moon.
^Nguyen, Michelle (2016-10-22)."Essential Obscure Sailor Moon Characters".Geek.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-02-28.Retrieved2017-01-30.
^"“セーラームーンCosmos” セーラーコスモス dịch は bắc xuyên cảnh tử “Bổn đương に đặc biệt な tác phẩm です” ".Comic Natalie(in Japanese). June 14, 2023.RetrievedJune 14,2023.
^^a ^b ^cMartinez, D.P. (1998).The Worlds of Japanese Popular Culture: Gender, Shifting Boundaries and Global Cultures(Reprint ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.91–109.ISBN 0521631289.
^Clark, Beverly Lyon; Higonnet, Margaret R. (2000). "A Bad Hair Day for G.I. Joe".Girls, Boys, Books, Toys: Gender in Children's Literature and Culture(1st ed.).Baltimore, Maryland:Johns Hopkins University Press.p. 173.ISBN 9780801865268.
^"S.H.Figuarts Sailor Moon".RetrievedFebruary 2,2017.
^Green, Scott (October 10, 2013)."Sailor Moon Chibi Trading Figures Scheduled for Early 2014".Crunchyroll.RetrievedOctober 20,2016.
^"Sailor Moon CCG".BoardGameGeek.2000.RetrievedJuly 2,2019.
^Luster, Joseph (January 25, 2017).""Monster Hunter XX" Goes Magical Girl with "Sailor Moon" Crossover ".Crunchyroll.RetrievedFebruary 1,2017.
^Winge, Theresa (2006). "Costuming the Imagination: Origins of Anime and Manga Cosplay".Mechademia.1(1): 65–76.doi:10.1353/mec.0.0084.S2CID 121679787.
^^a ^b ^cCraig, Timothy J. (2000).Japan Pop: Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture.Armonk, New York: Sharpe. pp.259–278.ISBN 9780765605610.
^Schodt, Frederik L.(1999).Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga(2nd ed.). Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. p.92.ISBN 9781880656235.
^Browning, Sheila (2004). "Pretty little girl warriors: a study of images of femininity in JapaneseSailor Mooncomics ".ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.University of Missouri - Columbia:2.ProQuest 305161835.
^Yoshida, Kaori (2002)."Evolution of Female Heroes: Carnival Mode of Gender Representation in Anime".Iran Science.Western Washington University. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-08-31.Retrieved2007-09-22.
^Allison, Anne (2006).Millennial Monsters: Japanese Toys and the Global Umagination.Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p.149.ISBN 9780520245655.
^Newsom, Victoria Anne (2004). "Young Females as Super Heroes: Super heroines in the Animated 'Sailor Moon'".Femspec.5:57–81.
^^a ^bMageo, Jeannette Marie (2002).Power and the Self.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–92.ISBN 9780521004602.Retrieved28 January2017.
^Allison, Anne (1 January 2001). "Cyborg Violence: Bursting Borders and Bodies with Queer Machines".Cultural Anthropology.16(2): 237–265.doi:10.1525/can.2001.16.2.237.JSTOR 656538.
^Brown, Jennifer L. (May 2008)."Female Protagonists in Shōjo Manga - From the Rescuers to the Rescued".ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst.University of Massachusetts - Amherst. pp. 19–21.Retrieved30 January2017.
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External links

[30] Luna and Artemis return and give birth to Diana in the future.

[62] His name is seen in the credits of episode 169.

[74] The only difference is that Chibiusa made them think she was Usagi's cousin instead of her younger sister.

[McCarter-1] McCarter, Charles."Public Interview with Takeuchi Naoko".EX: CLUSIVE.ex.org. Archived fromthe original(Q & A Interview)on 2009-02-21.Retrieved2006-11-30.

[2] Bui Hoang, Hai."Meaning of senshi in Japanese".RomajiDesu Japanese dictionary.Retrieved29 June2019.

[3] Naoko, Takeuchi (2003).Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: Volume 2(Shinsōban ed.). Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 406334777X.

[4] "Sailor Moon Original Picture Collection Vol. 5".Retrieved23 December2019.

[vol18-5] Takeuchi, Naoko (1997).Prety Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 18.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061788582.

[Drazen-6] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hDrazen, Patrick (October 2002).Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! Of Japanese Animation.Berkeley, California:Stone Bridge Press.ISBN 1880656728.OCLC 50898281.

[Thompson-7] Thompson, Jason (2007).Manga: The Complete Guide.New York:Del Rey Books.ISBN 9780345485908.

[8] Kunihiko Ikuhara(Director) (December 5, 1993).Kịch trường bản mỹ thiếu nữ chiến sĩ セーラームーンＲ[Sailor Moon R: The Movie] (Motion picture). Japan:Toei Company.

[9] Takeuchi, Naoko (1993). "Act 14".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 4.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787535.

[jnepisode61-10] "Huge Shock for Usagi! Mamoru Declares a Break Up".Sailor Moon.Series 2. Episode 61 (in Japanese). July 3, 1993. TV Asahi.

[Grigsby-11] Grigsby, Mary (1998)."Sailormoon: Manga (Comics) and Anime (Cartoon) Superheroine Meets Barbie: Global Entertainment Commodity Comes to the United States"(PDF).The Journal of Popular Culture.Vol. 32, no. 32. pp. 59–80.doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1998.3201_59.x.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 17 June 2012.Retrieved20 October2011.

[vol1-12] Takeuchi, Naoko (1992).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 1.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787217.

[Allison-13] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gAllison, Anne (2000). "A Challenge to Hollywood? Japanese Character Goods Hit the US".Japanese Studies.20(1). Routledge: 67–88.doi:10.1080/10371390050009075.S2CID 145517443.

[vol12-14] Takeuchi, Naoko (1995).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 12.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061788140.

[materials-15] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gTakeuchi, Naoko (1999).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Materials Collection.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4063245217.

[vol13-16] Takeuchi, Naoko (1995).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 13.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061788205.

[SailorV-17] Takeuchi, Naoko (2011).Codename: Sailor V(English ed.). New York: Kodansha.ISBN 978-1935429777.

[vol2-18] Takeuchi, Naoko (1992).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 2.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787314.

[jnepisode114-19] "Crazy for Celebrities! Mimet, in Doubt".Sailor Moon.Series 3. Episode 114. Tokyo. November 19, 1994. Toei. Asahi.

[PGSM_ANN-20] Mays, Jonathon (April 6, 2004)."Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon - Review".Anime News Network.Retrieved2009-07-20.

[ep168-21] Harume Kosaka (director); Genki Yoshimura (writer) (March 23, 1996). "Saturn Awakens: The Ten Sailor Guardians Unite".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 168. Toei.

[vol_10-22] Takeuchi, Naoko (1995). "Back of volume".Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 10.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 406178806X.

[jnepisode106-23] "The Bond of Destiny! The Distant Days of Uranus".Sailor Moon.Series 3. Episode 106. Tokyo. September 3, 1994. Toei. Asahi.

[vol7-24] Takeuchi, Naoko (1994).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 7.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061787810.

[vol3-25] Takeuchi, Naoko (1993).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 3.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787445.

[vol5-26] Takeuchi, Naoko (1993).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 5.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787643.

[vol9-27] Takeuchi, Naoko (1995).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 9.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061787971.

[vol10-28] Takeuchi, Naoko (1995).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 10.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 9784061788060.

[vol16-29] Naoko, Takeuchi (1996).Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 16.Tokyo: Kodansha.ISBN 4061788418.

[31] Lent, John A. (1998).Assorted Themes and Issues in Asian Cartooning: Cute, Cheap, Mad, and Sexy.Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press. p. 195.ISBN 9780879727796.Retrieved28 January2017.

[32] Hiromichi Matano (director); Shigeru Yanagikawa (writer) (December 19, 1992). "Let's Become a Princess: Usagi's Bizarre Training".Sailor Moon.Season 1. Episode 37. Toei.

[33] Kịch trường bản “Mỹ thiếu nữ chiến sĩ セーラームーンEternal” 《 trước biên 》 dư cáo ánh giống 60 giây ／/Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal The Movie Trailer.2020-10-15.Retrieved2020-10-15– via Youtube.

[34] Sullivan, Meghan (June 21, 2015)."Sailor Moon Crystal:" Attack, Black Lady "Review - IGN".IGN.RetrievedSeptember 23,2019.

[35] Vallen, Mark."Naoko Takeuchi: The creator of BISHOUJO SENSHI SAILORMOON speaks at the 1998 San Diego International Comics Convention".The Black Moon.RetrievedNovember 19,2019.

[36] Pellitteri, Marco; Yui, Kiyomitsu; Bouissou, Jean-Marie; Di Fratta, Gianluca; Martorella, Cristiano; Suvilay, Bounthavy (2010).The Dragon and the Dazzle: Models, Strategies, and Identities of Japanese Imagination: a European Perspective.Latina, Italy: Tunué. p. 424.ISBN 9788889613894.

[ep174-37] Doi, Hitoshi."Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 174".Archived fromthe originalon 17 September 2006.Retrieved28 October2006.

[38] Junichi Sato (director); Kazuhiko Kanbe (writer) (July 20, 1996). "Seiya and Usagi's Heart-Pounding Date".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 181. Toei.

[39] Takuya Igarashi (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer) (September 14, 1996). "The Shining Power of a Star: Chibi-Chibi's Transformation".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 187. Toei.

[ep194-40] Noriyo Sasaki (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer) (December 7, 1996). "Crusade for the Galaxy: Legend of the Sailor Wars".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 194. Toei.

[41] Masahiro Hosoda (director); Kazuhiko Kanbe (writer) (December 14, 1996). "Princess Kakyuu Perishes: Advent of Galaxia".Sailor Moon Sailor Stars.Season 5. Episode 195. Toei.

[Pineda-42] Pineda, Rafael Antonio (14 May 2019)."Viz Unveils Sailor Moon Stars Dub Cast".Anime News Network.Retrieved14 May2019.

[43] Doi, Hitoshi."Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 177".Archived fromthe originalon 14 September 2006.Retrieved28 October2006.

[44] Doi, Hitoshi."Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 185".Archived fromthe originalon 13 September 2006.Retrieved28 October2006.

[45] Doi, Hitoshi."Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 178".Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2006.Retrieved28 October2006.

[46] Collins, Elle (March 15, 2016)."All Hail the Moon Princess: Celebrating Naoko Takeuchi".RetrievedFebruary 2,2017.

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